1、Paper and board Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) Part 3: Sheffield method BS ISO 87913:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017 Paper and board Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) Part 3: Sheffield m
2、ethod Papier et carton Dtermination de la rugosit/du liss (mthodes du dbit dair) Partie 3: Mthode Sheffield INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8791-3 Third edition 2017-08 Reference number ISO 8791-3:2017(E) National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 87913:2017. It supersedes BS
3、 ISO 87913:2005, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport t
4、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 90603 9 ICS 85.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
5、This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 2017 Paper and board Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak m
6、ethods) Part 3: Sheffield method Papier et carton Dtermination de la rugosit/du liss (mthodes du dbit dair) Partie 3: Mthode Sheffield INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8791-3 Third edition 2017-08 Reference number ISO 8791-3:2017(E) BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 8791-3:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYR
7、IGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, wi
8、thout prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.i
9、so.org BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 8791-3:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or m
10、echanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Genev
11、a, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgISO 8791-3:2017(E)Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Principle 1 5 Apparatus . 2 6 Sampling 4 7 Conditioning 4 8 Preparation of test pieces . 4 9 Calibration 4 9.1 Variab
12、le-area flow-measuring device 4 9.2 Electronic flow-measuring device 4 10 Procedure. 4 10.1 Test atmosphere 4 10.2 Determination of roughness 4 11 Calculation and expression of results . 5 12 Test report . 5 Annex A (normative) Care and maintenance of test instrument with variable-area flowmeters 6
13、Annex B (normative) Calibration of flowmeters 7 Annex C (informative) Conversion table 11 Annex D (informative) Precision .12 Bibliography .14 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 8791-3:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wo
14、rldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented o
15、n that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this
16、 document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir
17、ectives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the d
18、evelopment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the volunta
19、ry nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
20、 This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Te s t methods and quality specifications for paper and board. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8791-3:2005), which has been technically revised. The main changes co
21、mpared to the previous edition are as follows: editorial changes have been made; precision data has been added as Annex D. A list of all parts in the ISO 8791 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 8791-3:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International O
22、rganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been estab
23、lished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizat
24、ion. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance wit
25、h the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of a
26、ny patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endors
27、ement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
28、URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Te s t methods and quality specifications for paper and board. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8791-3:2005), which has been
29、technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: editorial changes have been made; precision data has been added as Annex D. A list of all parts in the ISO 8791 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 87
30、91-3:2017(E) Paper and board Determination of roughness/ smoothness (air leak methods) Part 3: Sheffield method 1 Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the roughness of paper and board using the Sheffield apparatus. This document is applicable to papers and boards which hav
31、e Sheffield roughness values between 10 ml/min and about 3 000 ml/min. It is not suitable for soft papers which allow the lands of the test head to indent the surface, or for high air-permeance papers which allow a significant flow of air through the sheet, or for papers which will not lie flat duri
32、ng the test. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
33、nt (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of t
34、his document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1
35、 Sheffield roughness measure of the rate at which air flows between flat circular lands and the surface of a sheet of paper or board under specified conditions Note 1 to entry: The roughness is expressed in millilitres per minute. Note 2 to entry: The Sheffield unit is not defined, since it has been
36、 found that the scale units (Sheffield units) on different instruments can correspond to different air flows, and there is no precise physical definition. This document requires that the flowmeters be calibrated to give a flow rate in millilitres per minute. 4 Principle A test piece is clamped betwe
37、en a flat plate and two flat concentric annular lands. Air is supplied at a specified pressure to the space between the two lands, and the rate of air flow between the lands and the test piece is measured. The air flow rate is a measure of the roughness of the test piece. ISO 2017 All rights reserve
38、d 1 BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 8791-3:2017(E) 5 Apparatus The apparatus, an example of which is shown in Figure 1, shall consist of an air supply (5.1), an air pressure control (5.2) and air flow-measuring device (5.4), a test assembly (5.5) which houses a measuring head (5.5.1) fitted with test lands, a
39、 flat plate (5.5.2), and a mechanical device for bringing the lands into contact with the flat plate under a defined load. Key 1 air supply 5 test assembly 2 pressure regulator 6 test piece 3 flow-measuring device 7 flat plate 4 flow impedance Figure 1 Example of Sheffield apparatus 5.1 Air supply,
40、free of water, oil and other contaminants, at a pressure of 420 kPa to 950 kPa. A small compressor using laboratory air is preferred to external compressed air. 5.2 Pressure-regulating device, consisting of a primary regulator to reduce the pressure to between 205 kPa and 210 kPa, and another regula
41、tor to adjust the pressure at the measuring head to 10,3 kPa (variable-area flowmeters) or 9,85 kPa (electronic flowmeters). 5.3 Pressure manometer, with a range from 0 kPa to 20 kPa to enable the air pressure at the measuring head to be set to the specified pressure within 2 % of the nominal value.
42、 5.4 Flow-measuring device, of either a variable-area or an electronic type. The air flow shall be measurable to an accuracy of 5 % of the measured value. 5.4.1 Variable-area flow-measuring device, consisting of three variable-area flowmeters, each having a tapered glass column containing a metering
43、 float suspended by the air flow in the column (see Reference 7). The three columns shall be chosen such that they enable measurement to be made on a continuous scale of flow rate from 10 ml/min to 3 000 ml/min, with some overlap of scales between columns. Each column shall be provided with a means
44、of adjusting the flow rate (float-position knob) 2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved BS ISO 87913:2017 ISO 8791-3:2017(E) 5 Apparatus The apparatus, an example of which is shown in Figure 1, shall consist of an air supply (5.1), an air pressure control (5.2) and air flow-measuring device (5.4), a test as
45、sembly (5.5) which houses a measuring head (5.5.1) fitted with test lands, a flat plate (5.5.2), and a mechanical device for bringing the lands into contact with the flat plate under a defined load. Key 1 air supply 5 test assembly 2 pressure regulator 6 test piece 3 flow-measuring device 7 flat pla
46、te 4 flow impedance Figure 1 Example of Sheffield apparatus 5.1 Air supply, free of water, oil and other contaminants, at a pressure of 420 kPa to 950 kPa. A small compressor using laboratory air is preferred to external compressed air. 5.2 Pressure-regulating device, consisting of a primary regulat
47、or to reduce the pressure to between 205 kPa and 210 kPa, and another regulator to adjust the pressure at the measuring head to 10,3 kPa (variable-area flowmeters) or 9,85 kPa (electronic flowmeters). 5.3 Pressure manometer, with a range from 0 kPa to 20 kPa to enable the air pressure at the measuri
48、ng head to be set to the specified pressure within 2 % of the nominal value. 5.4 Flow-measuring device, of either a variable-area or an electronic type. The air flow shall be measurable to an accuracy of 5 % of the measured value. 5.4.1 Variable-area flow-measuring device, consisting of three variab
49、le-area flowmeters, each having a tapered glass column containing a metering float suspended by the air flow in the column (see Reference 7). The three columns shall be chosen such that they enable measurement to be made on a continuous scale of flow rate from 10 ml/min to 3 000 ml/min, with some overlap of scales between columns. Each column shall be provided with a means of adjusting the flow rate (float-position knob) 2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 8791-3:2017(E) a
