1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 15310-5:2006 Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the sampling plan ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20 PD CEN/TR 15310-5:2006 This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy
2、 Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49837 9 National foreword This Published Document was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15310-5:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3
3、, Characterization of waste. A list of organizations represented on B/508/3 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments issued since publication Amd
4、. No. Date CommentsTECHNICALREPORT RAPPORTTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHERBERICHT CEN/TR153105 November2006 ICS13.030.10;13.030.20 EnglishVersion CharacterizationofwasteSamplingofwastematerialsPart5: Guidanceontheprocessofdefiningthesamplingplan CaractrisationdesdchetsPrlvementdesdchets Partie5:Guiderelatifaup
5、rocessusdlaborationdunplan dchantillonnage CharakterisierungvonAbfallProbenahmeTeil5: VerfahrenzurAufstellungeinesProbenahmeplans ThisTechnicalReportwasapprovedbyCENon21February2006.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC292. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,Czec
6、hRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHE
7、SKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2006CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TR153105:2006:E2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 The process of
8、 defining the Sampling Plan10 4.1 General description of the process .10 4.2 Identification of involved parties12 4.3 Establishing the objective of the testing programme14 4.4 Strategic choices in deriving the technical goals from the objective15 4.5 Checklist for the project manager29 4.6 Further s
9、teps to be taken by the project manager.30 Annex A Examples of sampling plans for specific situations .31 A.1 Characterization of predominant aluminium content objects from the sorting of household and related waste .31 A.2 Basic characterisation and compliance testing of waste from a continuous pro
10、duction process .33 A.3 Contaminated soil to be possibly land filled and to be tested as granular waste for basic characterisation .37 A.4 Zinc concentrate to be tested as granular waste for basic characterisation and compliance testing 40 Bibliography 42 CEN/TR 15310-5:20063 Foreword This Technical
11、 Report (CEN/TR 15310-5:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Technical Report has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This Techni
12、cal Report is one of a series of five Technical Reports dealing with sampling techniques and procedures, and provides essential information and instructions for the application of the EN-standard: EN 14899 Characterisation of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and ap
13、plication of a Sampling Plan. The principal component of the EN Standard is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan. This EN 14899 standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards
14、 dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The Technical Reports display a range of potential approaches and tools to enable the project manager to tailor his sampli
15、ng plan to a specific testing scenario (i.e. a shop shelf approach to sampling plan development for waste testing). This approach allows flexibility in the selection of the sampling approach, sampling point, method of sampling and equipment used. In practice, confusion can arise when translating the
16、 objective of the testing programme, which is often couched at a relative abstract level (e.g. the waste needs to be assessed to fulfil the demands of waste regulation) into an unambiguous technical instruction in the Sampling Plan, that will provide data to meet that objective (e.g. the mean concen
17、tration of each truck load should comply with a specified concentration level). This Technical Report attempts to clarify the grey area between the definition of an overall testing objectives and the definition of the practical Sampling Plan. It specifically provides guidance on the policy aspects t
18、hat may be relevant for defining the objective of the testing programme, and how this will define the technical methods that can be used to prepare the Sampling Plan. CEN/TR 15310-5:20064 Introduction Wastes are materials, which the holder discards, or intends or is required to discard, and which ma
19、y be sent for final disposal, reuse or recovery. Such materials are generally heterogeneous and it will be necessary therefore to specify in the testing programme the amount of material for which the characteristics of interest need to be defined. The testing of wastes allows informed decisions to b
20、e made on how they should be treated (or not), recovered or disposed. In order to undertake valid tests, some sampling of the waste is required. The principal component of the standard EN 14899 is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan, within the framework of an overall testing progra
21、mme as illustrated in Figure 1 of EN 14899:2005. This standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements
22、 into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The development of a Sampling Plan within this framework involves the progression through three steps or activities. 1) Define the Sampling Plan; 2) Take a field sample in accordance with the Sampling Plan; 3) Tr
23、ansport the laboratory sample to the laboratory. This Technical Report provides information to support Key Step 1 of the Sampling Plan process map and describes the selection of sampling approach that can be used in the recovery of a sample for a wide variety of waste types and arisings. Specificall
24、y CEN/TR 15310-1 provides information to support 4.2.7 (select sampling approach) of the Framework Standard. Due consideration and selection of statistical criteria is of key importance in the production of a Sampling Plan as it provides the sole means of ensuring that, wherever possible, the type a
25、nd number of samples taken will address a clearly identified objective and will provide results that achieve a tolerable level of reliability. In the process of defining the Sampling Plan (step 1 in Figure 1 of EN 14899:2005), the objective of the testing programme is translated into specific and co
26、ncrete technical instructions for the sampler. Using these instructions the sampler will take the type and number of samples that are adequate to meet the objective of the testing programme, ultimately providing the decision maker with the required information on the waste material under investigati
27、on. The process of defining the Sampling Plan, which takes into consideration both policy and technical requirements to produce technical instructions to the sampler, is therefore a fundamental step in sampling of a waste material. In practice, problems arise when translating the objective of the te
28、sting programme, which is couched at a relative abstract level (e.g. the waste needs to be assessed to fulfil the demands of waste regulation) into a technical instruction that corresponds with that same objective (e.g. the mean concentration of each truck load should comply with a specified concent
29、ration level). There is a gap between the definition of the need to evaluate the waste material and the technical methods that should be applied in order to make an adequate evaluation possible. CEN/TR 15310-5:20065 This Technical Report aims to bridge the gap between the chosen objective of the tes
30、ting programme in policy terms, and that same objective defined in technical terms for sampling. It provides information and guidance on the process of defining a Sampling Plan. It deals specifically with the policy aspects relevant for defining the objective of the testing programme, and provides g
31、uidance for the definition of the Sampling Plan. In addition to the main body of the Technical Report, an annex provides worked examples of Sampling Plans for a number of frequently occurring waste materials and situations in which these waste materials arise. Thereby the examples provide background
32、 to the main body of this Technical Report. These examples clarify the process of defining the Sampling Plan. A number of assumptions have been made to produce each individual example, and therefore although the examples represent actual daily practice they are case specific and are not necessarily
33、directly applicable to other similar generic situations. This Technical Report is written for two distinctive groups of users: policy makers involved in sampling. For example, people working for the central, regional or local authority, government or administration, the management of a company invol
34、ved in the production or disposal of waste, etc. Essentially, these people are, directly or indirectly, involved in making policy decisions that are based on the technical information gathered through sampling. Their interest lies in the requirement for testing a waste material to gain (general) kno
35、wledge about the waste material or to comply to national, regional or local legislation. They have in general no technical knowledge of sampling, but are responsible for making the right choices. They therefore need help to understand the definition of the testing programme in technical terms, in or
36、der to be able to judge if the suggested testing programme is adequate for the purpose. sampling specialists (specifically the project manager). These are the people who have to translate the objective of the testing programme, as defined by the policy maker, into a technically unambiguous Sampling
37、Plan that will instruct the sampler on what to do in the field. The project manager is therefore confronted with the problem that not only technical information is necessary for the definition of the Sampling Plan, but also policy information. Incorporated within the text of this Technical Report is
38、 an example. Each individual step of the process of defining the Sampling Plan made in this Technical Report is illustrated by the same step in this example. The example is meant to clarify the text of the individual paragraphs in more practical terms. Example of a waste to be tested Due to the inci
39、neration of residuals from paper production, filter dust is collected. The dust is trapped in an air filter unit and put into stockpiles before transport to the landfill. In order to allow land filling, the concentrations of a number of key constituents should comply with the acceptance criteria of
40、that landfill. Therefore the waste must be sampled. This Technical Report should be read in conjunction with the Framework Standard for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan as well as the other Technical Reports that contain essential information to support the Framework Standard. The
41、full series comprises: EN 14899 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan; CEN/TR 15310-1, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling und
42、er various conditions; CEN/TR 15310-2, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques; CEN/TR 15310-3, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field; CEN/TR 15310-5:20066 CEN/TR 15310-
43、4, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; CEN/TR 15310-5, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the Sampling Plan. The Techni
44、cal Reports contain procedural options (as detailed in Figure 2 of EN 14899:2005) that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. CEN/TR 15310-5:20067 1 Scope This Technical Report provides guidance on process of defining of a Sampling Plan based on the objective of
45、 the testing programme. It specifically deals with the strategic decisions that are needed, based on the sampling objective. NOTE 1 Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Inste
46、ad, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
47、NOTE 2 The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive. NOTE 3 To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
48、 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 1: Material related terms and definitions EN 13965-2:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 2: Management related terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions given in EN 13965-1:2004 and EN 13965-2:2004 and the following apply. 3.1 background info
