1、Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics Part 4-5: Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterization, 3-electrode cell method PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forew
2、ord This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication doe
3、s not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 91371 6 ICS 07.030; 07.120 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
4、from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017IEC TS 62607-4-5 Edition 1.0 2017-01 TECH
5、NICAL SPECIFICATION Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics Part 4-5: Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterization, 3-electrode cell method INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 07.030; 07.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-3766-3 Registered tradem
6、ark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017 2 IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms, defini
7、tions and abbreviated terms 7 3.1 Terms and definitions 7 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9 4 Sample preparation methods . 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Reagents 9 4.2.1 Cathode foil . 9 4.2.2 Anode foil 10 4.2.3 Reference electrode 10 4.2.4 Electrolyte and separator . 10 4.3 Pre-treatment of the electrode material
8、s . 10 4.4 Preparation of the screw cell . 11 4.5 Disassembly of the screw cell . 12 5 Measurement of electrochemical properties . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Open circuit potential 12 5.2.1 Demarcation of method 12 5.2.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions 12 5.3 Potentiostatic electroch
9、emical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 13 5.3.1 Demarcation of method 13 5.3.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions 13 5.4 Charge-discharge experiment (Constant Current Constant Voltage, CCCV/CC) 13 5.4.1 Demarcation of method 13 5.4.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions 13
10、 6 Data analysis / interpretation of results (see Figure A.7) 14 6.1 Open circuit potential 14 6.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy . 14 6.3 Constant current constant voltage (CC CV) charging-discharging . 14 Annex A (informative) Case study 16 A.1 Sample preparation . 16 A.2 Results for a LFP
11、 electrode . 19 A.2.1 Open circuit voltage/potential (OCV/P) 19 A.2.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) . 19 A.2.3 Constant current constant voltage (CCCV/CC) charging-discharging . 20 A.2.4 Ageing tests 20 Figure A.1 3-electrode screw cell . 16 Figure A.2 Components of the electrochemica
12、l cell used for testing . 16 Figure A.3 3-electrode screw cell assembling steps . 18 Figure A.4 Open circuit voltage/potential (OCV/P) 19 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 IEC 2017 3 Figure A.5 Electrochemical impedance spectra 19 Figure A.6 Constant current constant voltage (CCCV/CC) ch
13、arging-discharging 20 Figure A.7 Comparison of results of ageing tests using 3-electrode screw cell . 22 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017 4 IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 IEC 2017 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-5 Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled
14、 electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterization, 3-electrode cell method FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to
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25、is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under t
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27、 IEC TS 62607-4-5, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 IEC 2017 5 The text of this Technical Specification is based on th
28、e following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 113/317/DTS 113/342/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, P
29、art 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62607 series, published under the general title Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC websi
30、te under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be transformed into an International Standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPO
31、RTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017 6 IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 I
32、EC 2017 INTRODUCTION The future utilization of renewable energy technologies depends significantly on the development of efficient systems for energy storage. Conventional approaches exist for the storage of electrical energy from stationary power plants, currently fuelled by many new ideas in conju
33、nction with the emerging “Smart Grid“. For future e-mobility for individual transportation there is only one attractive solution: a battery that can store enough energy to allow all-electric driving with a range of several hundred kilometres. The current solutions already on the market can only be s
34、een as temporary solutions. From todays perspective, lithium-ion batteries and their derivative innovative concepts are regarded as the most promising candidates. Electrodes made from nanoscale composites will play a key role in the future. Innovative materials will be developed and systematically o
35、ptimized, which implies testing of a large number of different materials. Characterization of the electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials used in electrical energy storage devices is important for their customized development. This document provides a standard methodology which can be us
36、ed to characterize the electrochemical properties of new cathode nanomaterials that will be employed in electrical energy storage devices. Following this method will allow comparison of different types of cathode nanomaterial and comparing the results of different research groups. This document intr
37、oduces a 3-electrode cell method for the electrochemical characterization of nano-enabled cathode materials for electrical energy storage devices. This standardized method is intended for use in comparing the characteristics of cathode nanomaterials in the development stage, not for evaluating the e
38、lectrode in end-products. The method is applicable to materials exhibiting function or performance only possible with nanotechnology, intentionally added to the active materials to measurably and significantly change the capacity of electrical energy storage devices. In this context it is important
39、to note that the percentage content of nanomaterial of the device in question has no direct relation to the applicability of this document, because minute quantities of nanomaterial are frequently sufficient to improve the performance significantly. The fraction of nanomaterials in electrodes, elect
40、rode coatings, separators or electrolyte is not of relevance for using this method. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 IEC 2017 7 NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-5 Cathode nanomaterials for nano-enabled electrical energy storage Electrochemical characterization, 3-ele
41、ctrode cell method 1 Scope This part of IEC 62607 provides a standardized method for the determination of electrochemical properties of cathode nanomaterials such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP) for electrical energy storage devices. This method will enable the industry to: a) decide whether or not
42、a cathode nanomaterial is usable, and b) select a cathode nanomaterial suitable for their application. This document includes: recommendations for sample preparation, outlines of the experimental procedures used to measure cathode nanomaterial properties, methods of interpretation of results and dis
43、cussion of data analysis, and case studies. NOTE The very purpose of this method is to arrive at a detailed characterization of the electrodes so that individual contribution of the anode and cathode for performance and degradation could be predicted. The method can be applied for characterization o
44、f the electrode working as cathode or/and as anode. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
45、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1 and t
46、he following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1.1 cathode nanomaterial material used as a cathode i
47、n a nano-enabled energy storage device which contains a fraction of nanomaterial and exhibits function or performance made possible only with the application of nanotechnology PD IEC/TS 62607-4-5:2017 8 IEC TS 62607-4-5:2017 IEC 2017 Note 1 to entry: The cathode is a multilayered foil consisting of
48、(1) an aluminium current collector, (2) an optional adhesion promoting carbon layer (to enhance cathode layer adhesion if necessary) and (3) the cathode layer. This cathode layer consists of the active phase (e.g. lithium containing mixed oxides or phosphate, such as LFP), a conducting phase (carbon
49、 black) and an organic binder (PVDF). 3.1.2 anode material material used as counter electrode (CE) for the electrochemical characterization of cathodes in the 3-electrode cell Note 1 to entry: The anode may be a tape-cast graphite electrode consisting of (1) a copper current collector foil and (2) the active layer composed of graphite, a conducting phase (carbon black) and organic binder (PVDF, CMC). Alternatively, metallic lithium may be utilized as CE. Usi
