1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015 Health informatics Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture Part 2: NeedlingPD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 16843-2:2015. The UK participation in its
2、 preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/35, Health informatics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corr
3、ect application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 91398 3 ICS 35.240.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy an
4、d Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015 ISO 2015 Health informatics Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture Part 2: Needling Informatique de sant Structures catgoriques pour la reprsentation de lacupunctur
5、e Partie 2: Puncture TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16843-2 Reference number ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) First edition 2015-12-15PD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwis
6、e specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address belo
7、w or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Norm
8、ative references 2 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 List of authorized representation of semantic links for acupuncture needling 3 4.1 Measures 3 4.2 Uses . 3 4.3 Causes . 3 4.4 Result_of 3 4.5 Evaluation_of 3 4.6 Co-occurs_with 4 4.7 Precedes 4 5 Categorial structures for representation of acupunctur
9、e needling 4 5.1 Conformance principles 4 5.2 Overview 4 5.3 Characterizing categories 6 5.3.1 Insertion technique . 6 5.3.2 Insertion parameters . 6 5.3.3 Stimulation technique with manipulation . 6 5.3.4 Withdrawing method . 6 5.3.5 Supplementation and draining method . 6 5.3.6 Additional stimulat
10、ion method . 7 5.3.7 Response sought 7 5.3.8 Acupuncture effects . 7 5.3.9 Abnormal situation 7 5.3.10 Needle type . 7 5.3.11 Needle characteristic . . 7 5.3.12 Stimulation dose of additional stimulation method . 8 5.3.13 Needle retention time 8 5.3.14 Sham acupuncture 8 Bibliography 9 ISO 2015 All
11、rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS
12、O technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates c
13、losely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criter
14、ia needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
15、patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name
16、used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
17、 Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) Introduction In this Technical Specification, acupuncture is
18、a branch of traditional Chinese medicine which mainly involves the theory of meridians, location, usage, indications and combinations of acupoints, needling manipulations and application of ignited moxa in the treatment of disease through regulation of qi, blood and visceral functions. Acupuncture t
19、herapy is widely practiced as a part of complementary and alternative medicine throughout East Asia and also in western countries. A guideline for reporting acupuncture interventions in clinical trials is already available, and a large number of clinical trials have been conducted to assess efficacy
20、 and efficiency of acupuncture therapy. However, the descriptions of acupuncture interventions in clinical reports tend to be insufficient for interpretation of heterogeneity among trials, often causing difficulties for data synthesis in meta- analyses. This arises for three reasons: firstly because
21、 an appropriate information structure of acupuncture needling is not used, secondly because certain concepts within traditional medicine practice in the western pacific-rim region originated in China and are frequently not sufficiently considered, and thirdly because semantic associations between co
22、ncepts of acupuncture needling need to be explicitly identified. This Technical Specification defines the categorial structures within the subject field of acupuncture needling in order to address these problems. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015PD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015Health inform
23、atics Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture Part 2: Needling 1 Scope The purpose of this Technical Specification is to specify categorial structures within the subject field of acupuncture by defining a set of domain constraints for use within terminological resources. This Technic
24、al Specification describes a concept system detailing domain constraints of sanctioned characteristics, each composed of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category. The potential benefits of this Technical Specification include: a) support for developers of new terminology systems con
25、cerning acupuncture needling; b) support for developers of new detailed content areas of existing terminology systems concerning acupuncture needling procedures to ensure accuracy, repeatability and comparability; c) facilitating the representation of acupuncture needling procedures using a standard
26、 core model in a manner suitable for computer processing; d) providing a conceptual framework for the generation of compositional concept representation of acupuncture needling; e) facilitating the mapping and improved semantic correspondence between different terminologies by proposing a core speci
27、fication for acupuncture needling; f) providing a core model to describe the structure of acupuncture, and facilitate improved semantic correspondence with information models; g) providing a tool for acupuncture text mining, database construction, ancient documents processing and wide area of acupun
28、cture information collection and processing; h) providing a new method for researchers to conduct relevant research, and ideas for the development of acupuncture disciplines. Target groups include: stakeholders such as companies that offer systems that incorporate Electronic Categorial Structures, b
29、y helping building knowledge databases or automatic processing of medical literature, and doctors, who can be better assisted with knowledge and documentation of needling procedures. This Technical Specification can also be used in clinical decision support and to help in data mining for researchers
30、. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references
31、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 17115, Health informatics Vocabulary for terminological systems 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and defini
32、tions apply. 3.1 concept unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics Note 1 to entry: A concept can have one or more names. It can be represented using one or more terms, pictures, icons or sounds. 3.2 categorial structure minimal set of domain constraints for representing c
33、oncept systems in a subject field 3.3 category division of sets of entities regarded as having particular shared characteristics (3.4) EXAMPLE Oral route, subcutaneous route and all other routes share characteristics particular to the category route. Note 1 to entry: Categories may be more or less g
34、eneral. Where one category is subsumed by another, the is a relation is asserted to obtain a hierarchy between the more specific or subsumed category and the more general or subsuming category. For example, parenteral route is more general than intravenous route. 3.4 characteristic abstraction of a
35、property of an entity or of a set of entities EXAMPLE Fever is a characteristic symptom of flu. Note 1 to entry: Characteristics are used for describing concepts (3.1) and for differentiating categories (3.3). 3.5 semantic link formal representation of a directed associative relation or partitive re
36、lation between two concepts EXAMPLE is Cause Of (with inverse has Cause); has Location (with inverse is Location Of). Note 1 to entry: This includes all relations except the generic relation. Note 2 to entry: A semantic link always has an inverse, i.e. another semantic link with the opposite directi
37、on. SOURCE: WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region WHO Western Pacific Region, 20072 ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) 4 List of authorized representation of semantic links for acupuncture needling 4.1 Mea
38、sures Ascertains or marks the dimensions, quantity, degree, or capacity of. 7 semantic link between Needle Type and Needle Characteristic by which NeedleType is measured. semantic link between Additional Stimulation Method and Stimulation Dose Of Additional Stimulation Method by which Additional Sti
39、mulation Method is measured. NOTE Every acupuncture needling method terminological phrase complying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 4.2 Uses Employs in the carrying out of some activity. This includes applies, utilizes, employs, and avails. 7 semantic link between Needle Ty
40、pe and Needle Grasping by which Needle Type is used. NOTE Every acupuncture needling method terminological phrase complying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 4.3 Causes Brings about a condition or an effect. Implied here is that an agent, such as, for example, a pharmacologic
41、 substance or an organism, has brought about the effect. This includes induces, effects, evokes, and aetiology. 7 semantic link between Abnormal Situation and Insertion Technique by which Abnormal Situation is caused. semantic link between Abnormal Situation and Stimulation Technique with Manipulati
42、on by which Abnormal Situation is caused. semantic link between Abnormal Situation and Supplementation and Draining Method by which Abnormal Situation is caused. NOTE Every acupuncture needling method terminological phrase complying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 4.4 Resul
43、t_of The condition, product, or state occurring as a consequence, effect, or conclusion of an activity or process. This includes product of, effect of, sequel of, outcome of, culmination of, and completion of. 7 semantic link between Acupuncture Effects and Additional Stimulation Method which Acupun
44、cture Effects is result_of. semantic link between Acupuncture Effects and Supplementation and Draining Method which Acupuncture Effects is result_of. semantic link between Acupuncture Effects and Sham Acupuncture which Acupuncture Effects is result_of. NOTE Every acupuncture needling method terminol
45、ogical phrase complying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 4.5 Evaluation_of Judgment of the value or degree of some attribute or process. 7 ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TS 16843-2:2015ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E) semantic link between Insertion Parameters and Insertion Tech
46、nique which Insertion Parameters is Evaluation_of. NOTE Every stimulation method terminological phrase complying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 4.6 Co-occurs_with Occurs at the same time as, together with, or jointly. This includes is co-incident with, is concurrent with,
47、is contemporaneous with, accompanies, coexists with, and is concomitant with. 7 semantic link between Stimulation Technique with Manipulation and Supplementation and Draining Method which Stimulation Technique with Manipulation is Co-occurs_with. NOTE Every stimulation method terminological phrase c
48、omplying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 4.7 Precedes Occurs earlier in time. This includes antedates, comes before, is in advance of, predates, and is prior to. 7 semantic link between Needle Grasping and Insertion Technique which Needle Grasping Precedes. semantic link be
49、tween Insertion Technique and Response Sought which Insertion Technique Precedes. semantic link between Response Sought and Stimulation Technique with Manipulation which Response Sought Precedes. semantic link between Supplementation and Draining Method and Withdrawing Method which Supplementation and Draining Method Precedes. NOTE Every stimulation method terminological phrase complying with this Technical Specification has this semantic link. 5 Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture needling 5.1 Co
