1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 4Proving SystemsSection 9Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank ProversPart 2Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank Provers by the Waterdraw Method of CalibrationFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2005REAFFIRMED, JULY 2015Manual
2、 of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 4Proving SystemsSection 9Methods of Calibration for Displacement and Volumetric Tank ProversPart 2Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank Provers by the Waterdraw Method of CalibrationMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2005REAFFIRME
3、D, JULY 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees m
4、ake any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication
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7、 having jurisdiction with which this publi-cation may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and
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9、onsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted b
10、y any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2005 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis multi-part publication
11、consolidates and standardizes calibration procedures for dis-placement and volumetric tank provers used in the metering of petroleum liquids. It provides essential information on the operations involved in obtaining a valid, accurate and accept-able prover volume by different calibration methods. Un
12、its of measure in this publication are in the International System (SI) and United States Customary (USC) units consistent with North American industry practices. Part 1 is the introduction and contains those aspects that are generic to the various methods of calibration, including waterdraw (WD), m
13、aster meter (MM) and gravimetric (GM). Each subsequent part is intended to be used in conjunction with Part 1 for the particular calibration procedure described. This section consists of the fol-lowing four parts:Part 1 “Introduction to the Determination of theVolume of Displacement and Tank Provers
14、”Part 2 “Determination of the Volume of Displacementand Tank Provers by the Waterdraw Method of Calibration”Part 3 “Determination of the Volume of DisplacementProvers by the Master Meter Method of Calibration”Part 4 “Determination of the Volume of DisplacementProvers by the Gravimetric Method of Cal
15、ibration”This standard was developed through the cooperative efforts of many individuals from the petroleum industry, under the sponsorship of the American Petroleum Institute.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by impli-cation or otherwise, for the man
16、ufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure
17、 appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API stan-dard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed
18、 in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and r
19、evised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published an
20、nually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage1.0 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 U.S. Customary And Metric (Si) Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 National Weights and Measures Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
22、1.3 Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.0 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13.0 REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.0 TERMS AND APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.1 TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . .24.2 APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.0 PROVER CLEANING AND PREPARATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.1 Isolation of the Prover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Initial Prover Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.3 Purging and Cleaning of the Prover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4 Sphere Displacer
26、 Inspection, Sizing and Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.5 Water Filling, Venting and Circulation of Pipe Provers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.0 PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL CALIBRATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.1 General Calibration Discussion. . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Displacement Type Unidirectional Provers with Free Displacers . . . . . . . . . . . .186.3 Displacement Type Bi-directional Provers with Free Displacers. . . . . . . . . . . . .196.4 Displacement Type Meter Provers with Cap
28、tive Displacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216.5 Atmospheric Tank Provers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES BY TYPE OF PROVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267.1 Calibration Preparation . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.2 Displacement Type Unidirectional Provers with Free Displacers . . . . . . . . . . . .277.3 Displacement Type Bi-directional Provers with Free Displacers. . . . . . . . . . . . .287.4 Displacement Type Meter Provers with Captive
30、 Displacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.5 Atmospheric Tank Provers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328.0 TROUBLESHOOTING CALIBRATION PROBLEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358.1 Evaluation of Calibration Results . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358.2 Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368.3 Prover Detector Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . .368.4 Sphere Interchanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368.5 Four-Way Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368.6 Displacers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378.7 Drains and Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388.8 Temperature and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . .388.9 Pumps, Hoses and Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398.10 Detector Switches, Solenoids and Logic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398.11 Field Standard Test Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398.12 Piping and Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398.13 Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40vCONTENTSPage8.14
36、Air and Entrained Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.15 Prover Conditions and Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40APPENDIX A (INFORMATIVE) UNCERTAINTIES IN METER PROVER CALIBRATIONS . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41APPENDIX B (NORMATIVE) EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES ON THE INTERFACE INVENTORY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49APPENDIX C (INFORMATIVE)
38、EXAMPLES OF WATERDRAW DATA SHEETS . 53APPENDIX D (INFORMATIVE) FIELD STANDARD TEST MEASURES . . . . . . . . . 75FiguresA.1 Uncertainty Analysis: Detector Switch Actuation Point with Respect to the Forward Movement of the Prover Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Schematic Drawing of a
39、Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Displacement Type Unidirectional Prover with a Free Displacer using Top-filling Test Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832A Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Disp
40、lacement Type Bi-directional Prover with a Free Piston Displacer and Check Valves in the Manifold using Top-filling Test Measures. . . 842B Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Displacement Type Bi-directional Prover with a Free Sphere Displacer using Top-filling Te
41、st Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853A Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of the Downstream Volume of a Displacement Prover with a Captive Displacer and External Detectors using Top-filling Test Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . 86
42、3B Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of the Upstream Volume of a Displacement Prover with a Captive Displacer and External Detectors using Top-filling Test Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . 873C Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Disp
43、lacement Prover with Equal Size Diameter Shafts on Both Sides of a Captive Displacer and External Detectors using Top-filling Test Measures . 884A Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Volumetric Tank Prover with a Bottom Weir using Top-filling Test Measures . . 894B
44、 Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Volumetric Tank Prover with a Dry Bottom using the Water-fill Method and using Top-filling Test Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904C Schematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibr
45、ation of a Volumetric Tank Prover with a Wet Bottom using Top-filling Test Measures . . . 915 Alternate MethodSchematic Drawing of a Typical Layout for a Waterdraw Calibration of a Proving System using Bottom-filling Test Measures . . . . . . . . . 92CONTENTSPageTables1 Sphere Ovality Verification .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Sphere Sealing Width Relationships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A-1 Detector Switch, Sphere and Pipe Diameter Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44A-2
47、Uncertainty Due to Test Measure Combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45A-3 Estimated Uncertainty of Prover Calibration Runs (at the 95% confidence level) 46A-4 Assumed Values from A.1, A.2 and A.3 for illustration purposes only . . . . . . . . 47B-1 Temperature Difference
48、in Interface Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49B-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50D-1 Test Measure Discharge Times Based on Volume and Drain Size . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . 76D-2 Normal and High Sensitivity Test Measures Interpolation of Volumes between the Lowest Scale Lines on Field Standard Test Measures . . . . . . . . . . . 77D-3 Example of Test Measures Available on Waterdraw Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781Chapter 4Proving SystemsSection 9Methods of Calibration for Displacement And Volumetric Tank ProversPart 2Determination of the Volume of Displacement and Tank Provers by the Waterdraw Method of Calibration1.0 IntroductionAll prover volumes used to calibrate meters shall be determined by calibration and not by theor
