1、Developing a Highway Emergency Response Plan for Incidents Involving Hazardous MaterialsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1112THIRD EDITION, NOVEMBER 1997REAFFIRMED, FEBRUARY 2011Developing a Highway Emergency Response Plan for Incidents Involving Hazardous MaterialsManufacturing, Distribution and Marketing
2、DepartmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1112THIRD EDITION, NOVEMBER 1997REAFFIRMED, FEBRUARY 2011SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertak
3、ing to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, orfederal laws.Information concerning safety and health r
4、isks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or o
5、therwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, r
6、eaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republic
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8、n procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developeds
9、hould be directed in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the titlepage of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,D.C. 20005.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating pr
10、actices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufactu
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13、t, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1997 American Petroleum InstituteiiiFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representati
14、on, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are in
15、vited and should be submitted to the director of the Manufactur-ing, Distribution and Marketing Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.vCONTENTSPage0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . 11 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 CONFORMANCE TO APIS ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION ANDGUIDING PRINCIPLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . 23 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Referenced Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Other Pertinent Publications . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 DEVELOPING A PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 Basic Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . 24.2 Coordination With Local Emergency Planning Committees,Law Enforcement Agencies, and Fire Departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Emergency Response Communication Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Setting Priorities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 Training Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 Use of Contractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . 44.7 Emergency Response Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 Preparing Hazardous Materials Drivers for Emergency Situations . . . . . . . . . 64.9 Protecting Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . 64.10 Notification Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.11 Working With the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.12 Protecting the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.13 Post-response Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.14 Third-Party Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.15 Legal Consid
24、erations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX AOUTLINE OF A HIGHWAY EMERGENCYRESPONSE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A.1 Notification of the Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A.2 Management Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . 11A.3 Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A.4 Post-Response Activity by the Management Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12APPENDIX BSUGGESTED PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING LIQUID HYDROCARBONS FROM, AND RIGHTING O
27、VERTURNED,TANK VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13B.1 Cargo Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13B.2 Removal Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13B.3 Righting the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14B.4 Vacuum Trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 151Developing a Highway Emergency Response Planfor Incidents Involving Hazardous Materials0 IntroductionResponsible business practice suggests that companiesdevelop programs to respond effectively to transportationaccidents involving their hazardous materials. Companieshave responsibilities that tr
30、anscend business consider-ations and public relations: they have social responsibili-ties to react promptly and properly to emergencies inwhich they are involved. The ability to properly respond totransportation incidents should be the concern of thosewho have title to the materials; those who have
31、custody ofthem; and those who have responsibility for them throughcontractual agreements, other kinds of agreements, orsome other association with them. In keeping with thoseresponsibilities, API has adopted these recommendedguidelines for developing an emergency response plan fortransportation emer
32、gencies primarily involving liquidhydrocarbons, such as gasoline, crude oil, and other haz-ardous materials transported in MC 306/DOT 406 and MC307/DOT 407 aluminum cargo tanks.Because of increasing demands for the many differentproducts that the petroleum industry manufactures andtransports, some g
33、overnment emergency response agen-cies may have difficulty maintaining the technical exper-tise needed to deal safely and effectively withtransportation incidents involving hazardous materials.Company emergency response plans based on these guide-lines assure that technical expertise will be availab
34、le tomitigate incidents that occur.A transportation emergency exists when sufficient quan-tities of hazardous materials escape or threaten to escapefrom their transportation containers to endanger people,the environment, or property. Emergency response plansshould be devised for all hazardous raw ma
35、terials, inter-mediate and finished products, and waste materials that aretransported (see Section 4.3).An Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) standard (29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)Part 1910.120) requires industry employers whoseemployees might respond to an emergency (even j
36、ust asadvisors) to have a plan in place. The Environmental Pro-tection Agency (EPA) adopted the same standard for pub-lic sector employers in 40 CFRPart 311. A Department ofTransportation standard (49 CFR130) requires that per-sons transporting petroleum oils must have a plan in placethat prescribes
37、 prevention, containment, and response tooff-site transportation incidents.Once a public agency arrives on the scene of a hazard-ous materials emergency, that agency normally takes thelead in managing the incident. In some states, the lawdetermines who takes charge of an incident. In any case,decisi
38、ons made during the first 30 minutes of an incidentset the stage for subsequent operations. These decisionsmay determine whether damage to life, property, and theenvironment will be done in addition to that which willoccur strictly as a result of the initial incident. The degreeand quality of an aff
39、ected companys participation in thisdecision-making process generally depends on whether ithas an emergency response plan in place.As response operations progress, state, federal, industry,and contractor personnel may become involved in additionto the original responders. The extent of their involve
40、mentwill depend on decisions made within the critical first 30minutes and the capability of the original responders. Dur-ing the development and implementation of an emergencyresponse plan, emergency response personnel from localfire and police departments, and other appropriate govern-ment entities
41、 should be consulted. These civil agenciesmust be made aware of local industry response plans sothat efforts to control an incident can be properly coordi-nated and confusion about the chain of command can beavoided.For some types of hazardous materials incidents, publicsafety agencies may not be ab
42、le to train personnel inappropriate response techniques. To help fill this gap inknowledge, industry should keep public safety agenciesinformed of industrys capabilities and should offer to sup-plement the training of local fire department and otheremergency response agency personnel in the safe han
43、dlingof their products.1 ScopeThis recommended practice outlines and recommendsminimum guidelines for developing an emergencyresponse plan for incidents involving hazardous liquidhydrocarbons, such as gasoline and crude oil, and otherhazardous materials transported in MC 306/DOT 406 andMC 307/DOT 40
44、7 aluminum cargo tanks and for coordi-nating and cooperating with local, state, and federalofficials. These guidelines should be modified to reflectlocal, state, and federal regulations and individual com-pany legal considerations and response capabilities. Theappendixes to this recommended practice
45、 outline a high-way emergency response plan (Appendix A) and suggest aprocedure for removing liquid hydrocarbons from over-turned cargo tanks and righting the tank vehicles(Appendix B).2 API RECOMMENDEDPRACTICE11122 Conformance to APIs Environmental Mission and Guiding PrinciplesThis recommended pra
46、ctice has been reviewed to determineif it conforms to APIs Environmental Mission and GuidingPrinciples1. It has been determined that because this recom-mended practice directly addresses safety and environmentalissues, it does conform to APIs Environmental Mission andGuiding Principles. The followin
47、g guiding principles havebeen determined to be especially relevant to this recommendedpractice: To recognize and to respond to community concernsabout our raw materials, products and operations. To operate our plants and facilities and handle our rawmaterials and products in a manner that protects t
48、heenvironment, and the safety and health of our employ-ees and the public. To make safety, health, and environmental consider-ations a priority in our planning and our developmentof new products and processes. To promptly advise appropriate officials, employees,customers, and the public of informati
49、on on significantindustry-related safety, health and environmental haz-ards, and to recommend protective measures. To counsel customers, transporters and others in thesafe use, transportation, and disposal of our raw materi-als, products, and waste materials. To work with others to resolve problems created byhandling and disposal of hazardous substances fromour operations. To participate with government and others in creatingresponsible laws, regulations, and standards to safe-guard the community, workplace, and environment.3 References3.1 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONSThe most rec
