1、Standard Method of Test for Flash Point with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus for Use with Material Having a Flash Point Less Than 93C (200F) AASHTO Designation: T 79-12 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2a T 7
2、9-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Flash Point with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus for Use with Material Having a Flash Point Less Than 93C (200F) AASHTO Designation: T 79-12 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the procedure for the determination of flash points by the tag open-cup apparatus of cutback asp
3、halts having flash points of less than 93C (200F). The sample is placed in the tester and heated at a slow and constant rate. A small test flame is passed at a uniform rate in a level plane across the cup at specified intervals. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which application of the t
4、est flame causes the vapor at the surface of the liquid to flash. Note 1Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland Open-Cup method (T 48) for asphalt binders and cutback asphalts having flash points above 79.5C (175F). 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3.
5、This test may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This test does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limi
6、tations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 48, Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup 2.2. ASTM Standard: E1, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 3. APPARATUS 3.1. Tag Open-Cup TesterConsisting of the following parts. The parts must conform to
7、 the dimensions shown and have the additional characteristics as noted. (See Figure 1.) 3.1.1. Copper BathEquipped with a constant-level overflow placed to maintain the bath liquid level 3.2 mm (1/8in.) below the ridge of the glass cup. 3.1.2. Thermometer HolderSupplied with the tester. It shall sup
8、port the thermometer firmly in a vertical position. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 79-2 AASHTO 3.1.3. Glass Test CupConstructed of molded clear glass, annealed, heat-resistant, a
9、nd free from surface defects. (See Figure 2.) 3.1.4. Filling Level GaugeFor proper adjustment of the liquid level in the cup. This device shall be made of suitable metal at least 3.2 mm (1/8in.) thick, with two projections for adjusting the liquid level in the glass cup to 3.18 0.25 mm (0.125 0.01 i
10、n.) below the top edge or rim of the cup. Also, the holes in the leveling device may be used to adjust the size of the test flame and for gauging the height of the taper above the edge of the cup. (See Figure 3.) 3.1.5. “Micro” or Small Gas BurnerOf suitable dimensions for heating the bath. A screw
11、clamp may be used to help regulate the gas. A small electric heater controlled by a variable power transformer may also be used. 3.1.6. Ignition TaperA small, straight, blowpipe-type gas burner. The tip of the taper should be approximately 1.6 mm (1/16in.) in diameter. The ignition taper should be m
12、aintained in a fixed horizontal plane above the test cup by means of a swivel device so that the test flame passes on the circumference of a circle having a radius of at least 152 mm (6 in.). A comparison bead, 4.0 mm (5/32in.) in diameter, may be mounted in a convenient spot. If mounted on the igni
13、tion taper, a portion of the tip of the taper, 1.6 mm (1/16in.) in diameter, shall extend at least 3 mm (1/8in.) beyond the bead. 3.1.7. Draft ShieldA suitable shield may be made of two rectangular sheets of noncombustible material, 610 by 710 mm (24 by 28 in.), fastened together along the 710 mm (2
14、8 in.) side, preferably by hinges. A triangular sheet, 610 by 610 by 860 mm (24 by 24 by 34 in.), is fastened by hinges to one of the lateral sheets to form a top when the shield is open. The interior of the draft shield shall be painted flat black. 3.2. ThermometerA Pensky-Martens, low-range thermo
15、meter capable of measuring 5 to 110C (20 to 230F) and conforming to the requirements for an ASTM Thermometer No. 9C (9F) as prescribed in ASTM E1 shall be used. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicabl
16、e law.TS-2a T 79-3 AASHTO Dimensional Equivalents Millimeters Inches 71.4 213/1680.9 33/16174.6 67/8Note: All dimensions are shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. Figure 1Tag Open-Cup Tester 2030405080.9174.671.4SampleGlass Test CupIgnition TaperCopper BathMicro or SmallGas BurnerThermometerO
17、ver-flowTubeVentThermometerHolderBathComparison Bead 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 79-4 AASHTO Millimeters Inches A 51.6 1.6 2.03 0.063 B 38.1 1.6 1.50 0.063 C 7.9 0.8 0.31 0.03
18、1 DOutside diameter 55.1 1.9 2.17 0.075 EOutside diameter 50.8 1.6 2.00 0.063 FApproximately 59.5 2.34 G 47.6 1.6 1.88 0.063 H 2.4 0.4 0.09 0.016 IDepression, diameter 15.9 0.63 depth 0.8 0.03 Note: Total mass shall not exceed 95 g. Figure 2Glass Test Cup Millimeters Inches A 127 5 Nominal B 25.4 1
19、Nominal C 3.2 1/8Nominal D 50.8 2 Nominal E 3.18 0.25 0.125 0.01 F 0.8 mm in diameter, centered 3.2 mm from bottom and 63.5 mm from end 1/32of an inch in diameter, centered 1/8in. from bottom and 21/2in. from end Nominal G 4 max in diameter, centered 3.2 mm from bottom and 25.4 mm from end 5/32in. m
20、ax in diameter, centered 1/8in. from bottom and 1 in. from end Nominal H 3.2 1/8Nominal Figure 3Filling Level Gauge EEDHCDBAGFIAGHFD DEBC 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 79-5 AASH
21、TO 4. BATH MEDIA 4.1. Water for flash points up to 79.5C (175F). 4.2. Water-glycol solution (1:1) for flash points above 79.5C (175F). 5. ASSEMBLY AND PREPARATION OF APPARATUS 5.1. The tag open-cup tester shall be placed in a firm and level position on a solid, vibration-free table in a draft-free h
22、ood or flash room, or well toward the back of a draft shield such as that described in Section 3.1.7. The top of the tester shall be shielded from strong light so that the flash may be easily seen. A room temperature of 25 5C (77 9F) should be maintained throughout the test. 5.2. Adjust the horizont
23、al and vertical positions of the ignition taper so that the jet passes on the circumference of a circle having a radius of 152 mm (6 in.) and in a level plane, 3.2 mm (1/8in.) above the upper edge of the cup as measured from the center of the orifice. The jet should pass across the center of the cup
24、. These adjustments should be made only when required, as usually the apparatus is used continuously for a series of tests. Note 2The leveling device is used as a gauge to adjust the height of the taper. 6. PROCEDURE 6.1. Place the glass test cup in the metal bath, and adjust the thermometer holder
25、so that the thermometer is supported firmly in a vertical position halfway between the center and edge of the cup and on a line passing through the center of the cup and the pivot of the taper. Place the thermometer so that the bottom of the bulb is 6.4 mm (1/4in.) above the inner bottom of the cup.
26、 6.2. Fill the metal bath with water or water-glycol solution having a temperature at least 16.5C (30F) below the probable flash point of the material to be tested. Cool tap water is satisfactory in most instances when water is used, and may be introduced into the chamber between the bath and sample
27、 cups until a slight overflow is noted at the overflow spout. The bath should be filled to a level approximately 3.2 mm (1/8in.) from the top of the bath when the test cup is in place. 6.3. Rest the metal leveling device on the rim of the cup, and fill the cup with material to be tested until the le
28、vel of material just touches the pointers of the leveling device this level should be approximately 3.2 mm (1/8in.) below the rim of the cup. Note 3The test sample should be at least 10C (18F) below the anticipated flash point. 6.4. Light the ignition taper, and adjust the test flame to approximatel
29、y the same size as the comparison bead or the reference hole in the leveling device, but in no case greater than 4 mm (5/32in.). 6.5. Apply heat to the bath so that the temperature of the sample rises at the rate of 1.0 0.3C (2.0 0.5F) per minute. 6.6. At 10 to 15C (18 to 27F) below the anticipated
30、flash point, adjust the sample level in the test cup (a syringe or medicine dropper provides a convenient means of removing material from the cup). At successive 1C (2F) intervals, pass the ignition taper across the sample in a continuous motion so that the time consumed for each pass is 1 s. The ce
31、nter of the test flame must move in a plane, 3.2 mm (1/8in.) above the upper edge of the cup passing in one direction first, then in the opposite direction at the next successive temperature. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplicat
32、ion is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 79-6 AASHTO 6.7. Record, as the flash point, the temperature read on the thermometer at the time the test flame application causes a distinct flash in the interior of the test cup. 7. REPORT 7.1. Report the lowest temperature, in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, at which the initial flash is noted as the “Tag Open-Cup Flash Point.” 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
