1、 2004 STANDARD for 4100 N. FAIRFAX DR., SUITE 200 y ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22203 PERFORMANCE RATING OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT REFRIGERANT COMPRESSORS AND COMPRESSOR UNITS Standard 540 Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproducti
2、on or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) Copyright 2004, by Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office IMPORTANT SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS ARI does not set safety standards and does not
3、certify or guarantee the safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with this standard/guideline. It is strongly recommended that products be designed, constructed, assembled, installed and operated in accordance with nationally recogni
4、zed safety standards and code requirements appropriate for products covered by this standard/guideline. ARI uses its best efforts to develop standards/guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. ARI does not certify or guarantee that any tests conducted under its standards
5、/guidelines will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Note: This standard supersedes ARI Standard 540-99. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS S
6、ECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose1 Section 2. Scope.1 Section 3. Definitions 1 Section 4. Test Requirements 3 Section 5. Rating Requirements.3 Section 6. Minimum Data Requirements for Published Ratings .3 Section 7. Operating Requirements .7 Section 8. Marking and Nameplate Data .7 Section 9. Conforman
7、ce Conditions 7 TABLES Table 1. Standard Rating Conditions for Compressors and Compressor Units for Commercial Refrigeration Applications 5 Table 2. Standard Rating Conditions for Compressors and Compressor Units Used In Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 6 APPENDICES Appendix A. References - Normative
8、 8 Appendix B. References - Informative.8 Appendix C. Method to Handle Zeotropic Mixtures - Informative .9 FIGURES Figure C1. Cycle Process for Single Component Refrigerants and Azeotropic Mixtures9 Figure C2. Cycle Process for Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures.10 Figure C3. Definitions of Subcooling a
9、nd Superheating.11Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for Resal
10、eNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 540-2004 PERFORMANCE RATING OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT REFRIGERANT COMPRESSORS AND COMPRESSOR UNITS Section 1. Purpose 1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to establish, for single and variable capacity positive
11、 displacement refrigerant compressors and compressor units: definitions; test requirements; rating requirements; minimum data requirements for Published Ratings; operating requirements; marking and nameplate data and conformance conditions. 1.1.1 Intent. This standard is intended for the guidance of
12、 the industry, including manufacturers, engineers, installers, contractors and users. 1.1.2 Review and Amendment. This standard is subject to review and amendment as technology advances. Section 2. Scope 2.1 Scope. This standard applies to electric motor driven, single and variable capacity positive
13、 displacement refrigerant compressors and compressor units. This standard also applies to the presentation of performance data for positive displacement refrigerant compressors and compressor units for air-cooled, evaporatively-cooled or water-cooled air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration app
14、lications. 2.1.1 Refrigerant. The rating points in this standard are based on commonly used refrigerants. 2.2 Exclusions. 2.2.1 This standard does not apply to compressors and compressor units employing ammonia, as covered in ARI Standard 510. 2.2.2 This standard does not apply to compressors and co
15、mpressor units intended for use in: a. Household refrigerators and freezers b. Automotive air-conditioners c. Dehumidifiers Section 3. Definitions All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the current edition of ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Condit
16、ioning and Refrigeration unless otherwise defined in this section. 3.1 Compressor or Compressor Unit Efficiency. The efficiency is defined by the following equation: = 100 m120F 48.9C discharge dew point temperature for compressors and compressor units for water cooled applications. c. Superheated r
17、eturn gas temperature shall be no lower than 65F 18C. Section 8. Marking and Nameplate Data 8.1 Compressor Electrical Marking. As a minimum, the voltage, phase, frequency, and locked-rotor current of all motors furnished as part of the compressor shall be clearly marked on the nameplate. Nameplate v
18、oltages for 60 Hertz systems shall include one or more of the utilization voltages shown in Table 1 of ARI Standard 110. Nameplate voltages for 50 Hertz systems shall include one or more of the equipment nameplate voltages shown in Table 1 of IEC Standard 60038. 8.2 Compressor Unit Nameplate Marking
19、. As a minimum, each compressor unit shall have a nameplate, affixed to its housing or base, on which the following information, in addition to that required under 8.1, shall be marked: a. Manufacturers name and/or symbol b. Model number c. Refrigerant designation per ASHRAE Standard 34 d. Input vol
20、tage and frequency (Hz) e. Rated-load current (where applicable) Section 9. Conformance Conditions 9.1 Conformance. While conformance with this standard is voluntary, conformance shall not be claimed or implied for products or equipment within the standards Purpose (Section 1) and Scope (Section 2)
21、unless such product claims meet all of the requirements of the standard and all of the testing and rating requirements are measured and reported in complete compliance with the standard. Any product that has not met all the requirements of the standard shall not reference, state, or acknowledge the
22、standard in any written, oral, or electronic communication. Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 540-2004 8 APPENDIX A. REFERENCES - NORMATIVE A.1 L
23、isted here are all standards, handbooks, and other publications essential to the formation and implementation of the standard. All references in this appendix are considered as part of the standard. A.1.1 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2001 with Addenda, Number Designation and Safety Classification of Refr
24、igerants, 2001, American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 11 West 42ndStreet, New York, NY 10036, U.S.A./1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. A.1.2 ARI Standard 110-2002, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Equipment
25、 Nameplate Voltages, 2002, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203, U.S.A. A.1.3 ARI Standard 510-93, Ammonia Compressor Units, 1993, Air- Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203
26、, U.S.A. A.14 ASHRAE Standard 23-1993, Methods of Testing for Rating Positive Displacement Refrigerant Compressors and Condensing Units, 1993, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. A.1.5 ASHRAE Terminology
27、of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 1991 Second Edition, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, U.S.A. A.1.6 IEC Standard Publication 60038, IEC Standard Voltages, 2002, International Electr
28、otechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. A1.7 ISO 917: 1989, Testing of Refrigerant Compressors, 1989, International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 21 Switzerland. APPENDIX B. REFERENCES INFORMATIVE None. Copyright Air-C
29、onditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ ARI STANDARD 540-2004 9 APPENDIX C.METHOD TO HANDLE ZEOTROPIC MIXTURES INFORMATIVE C1 Cycle Process For reference, Figure C1 shows a typi
30、cal single stage cycle for single component refrigerants and azeotropic mixtures. The description is consistent with the ISO 917 standard. As shown, the evaporating and condensing processes occur at fixed temperatures to and tc.Figure C1: Cycle Process for Single Component Refrigerants and Azeotropi
31、c Mixtures Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 540-2004 10 Figure C2: Cycle Process for Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures Figure C2 shows “temperature
32、 glide” for zeotropic refrigerant mixtures at the evaporation and condensation processes. Standard reference temperatures are the dew-point temperatures t at the evaporating pressure pg1 and t“cat the condensing pressure pg2. “0The following equations may be used to calculate the mean evaporating te
33、mperature, mean condensing temperature, refrigerant superheating, and refrigerant subcooling: mean evaporating temperature: t0,m = (t01+ t“0)/ 2 C1 mean condensing temperature: tc,m = (t + t“c)/ 2 C2 crefrigerant superheating: tSg = tg1- t0) C3 “refrigerant subcooling: tSf = t - tf2= tf1- tf2 C4 cBe
34、cause t01 = t and t = t“cfor single-component refrigerants and azeotropic multi-component refrigerants, the cycle process model represents a particular kind of model for zeotropic refrigerant mixtures. “0cIn all reference systems refrigerating capacity is: Q =m& (hg1 hf2) C5 and Q0=m (hg1 hf1) C6 Co
35、pyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 540-2004 11 for refrigerating capacity converted to no subcooling. The reference systems described above allow on
36、e to calculate and present performance data for all kinds of refrigerants in a similar way. ISO 917 requires zero subcooling for the calculation of refrigerating capacity of the compressor. In this case hf1and hf2are equal. Note: In connection with zeotropic mixtures, different definitions of the ex
37、pressions superheating and subcooling can be found in technical documentation (Figure C3). The Equations C3 and C4 are equivalent to A in Figure C3 and shall be used for the purpose of calculating ratings. For reference only, B in Figure C3 with mean temperatures as reference points, uses the follow
38、ing equations: refrigerant superheating: tSg = tg1- t0,mC7 refrigerant subcooling tSf = tcm- tf2 tf1 - tf2 C8 Figure C3: Definitions of Subcooling and Superheating Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking
39、 permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ARI STANDARD 540-2004 12 C2 Symbols and Subscripts Symbols: f1 = Bubble point at condensing process. g1= Point where the refrigerant enters the compression process. g2 = Point where the refrigerant leaves the compression process hf1 = Enthalpy of the refrigera
40、nt at bubble point of condensing process. hf2 = Enthalpy of the subcooled refrigerant liquid entering the expansion process. hg1 = Enthalpy of the refrigerant gas entering the compression process. m& = Refrigerant mass flow rate. Pg1= Compressor suction dew point pressure. Pg2= Compressor discharge
41、dew point pressure. Q = Refrigerating capacity. Q0= Refrigerating capacity assuming no subcooling. tc= Condensing temperature. tc = Bubble point temperature at condensing process. tc= Dew point temperature at condensing process. tc,m= Mean condensing temperature. tf1 =Temperature at which the subcoo
42、led liquid exits the expansion process tf2 = Temperature at which the subcooled liquid enters the expansion process. tg1= Temperature of the refrigerant entering the compression process. t0= Evaporating temperature. t0 = Dew point temperature at evaporation process. t01= Temperature at the outlet of
43、 the expansion process and inlet to the evaporation process. t0,m= Mean evaporating temperature. tsf = Refrigerant subcooling. tsg= Refrigerant superheat. Subscripts: c= Condensing process c= Bubble point of condensing process c= Dew point of condensing process c,m= Mean condensing process f1= Bubbl
44、e point of condensing process f2= Point at which the subcooled refrigerant liquid enters the expansion process g1= Dew point at compressor suction g2= Dew point at compressor discharge 0= Evaporating process 01= Outlet of the expansion process and inlet to the evaporation process 0,m= Mean evaporating process tsf= Temperature, saturated fluid tsg= Temperature, saturated gas Copyright Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Provided by IHS under license with ARINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
