1、Design and Construction of LPG InstallationsAPI STANDARD 2510EIGHTH EDITION, MAY 2001REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2011Design and Construction ofLPG InstallationsDownstream SegmentAPI STANDARD 2510EIGHTH EDITION, MAY 2001REAFFIRMED, OCTOBER 2011SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a g
2、eneral nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthan
3、d safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that
4、material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publi
5、cation be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reafrmed, or withdrawn at least everyve years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no
6、 longer be in effect ve years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Downstream Segment telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publis
7、hed annually and updatedquarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notication and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the inter
8、pretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the standardization manager, American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to rep
9、roduce ortranslate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the gen-eral manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-
10、ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequir
11、ements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored
12、in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum Instit
13、uteFOREWORDThis standard provides minimum requirements for the design and construction of installa-tions for the storage and handling of liqueed petroleum gas (LPG) at marine and pipelineterminals, natural gas processing plants, reneries, petrochemical plants, and tank farms.This standard takes into
14、 consideration the specialized training and experience of operatingpersonnel in the type of installation discussed. In certain instances, exception to standardpractices are noted and alternative methods are described.This standard does not include information on the production or use of liqueed petr
15、o-leum gas.It is not intended that this standard be retroactive or that it take precedence over contrac-tual agreements. Wherever practicable, existing codes and manuals have been used in thepreparation of this standard.This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. Al
16、though it isrecognized that the purchaser may desire to modify, delete, or amplify sections of the stan-dard, it is strongly recommended that such modications, deletions, and amplications bemade by supplementing this standard rather than by rewriting or incorporating sections ofthis standard into an
17、other complete standard.API standards are published as an aid to procurement of standardized equipment andmaterials. These standards are not intended to inhibit purchasers or producers from purchas-ing or producing products made to specications other than those of API.API publications may be used by
18、 anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or respons
19、ibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washing
20、ton, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 Retroactivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Char
21、acteristics of LPG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 DESIGN OF LPG VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Applicable Design C
23、onstruction Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Design Pressure and Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Design Vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . 34.4 Materials of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Vessel Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 Previously Constructed Vessels . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 SITTING REQUIREMENTS AND SPILL CONTAINMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 Siting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Drainage . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 Spill Containment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Remote Impoundment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 Diking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 FOUNDATIONS AND SUPPORTS FOR LPG STORAGE VESSELS AND RELATED PIPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 Applicable Codes and Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 Special Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 TANK ACCESSORIES, INCLUDING PRESS
29、URE AND VACUUM-RELIEVING DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.1 Mandatory Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 Tank Accessory Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 PIPING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code for Pressure Piping . . . . . . . 108.2 LPG Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.3 Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.4 Plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . 108.5 Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.6 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.7 Location, Inst
33、allation, and Flexibility of Piping, Valves, and Fittings . . . . . . . . 119 LOADING, PRODUCT TRANSFER, AND UNLOADING FACILITIES. . . . . . . . 119.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.2 Rates of Loading and
34、Unloading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 Transfer, Loading, and Unloading Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.4 Grounding and Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
35、9.5 Hose and Other Flexible Connectors for Product Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vPage9.6 Blowdown or Venting of Loading and Unloading Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.7 Marking of Valves in Loading and Unloading Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.8 Metering
36、 Equipment Used in Loading and Unloading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.9 LPG Odorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310 FIRE PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . 1310.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310.2 Access for Fire Fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310.3 Fire Water Use . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410.4 Fire Detection Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.5 Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.6 Fire-Fighting Foam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.7 Fireproong of LPG Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.8 Fireproong of Structural Supports .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.9 Burying and Mounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.10 Electrical Installations and Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.11 Crit
41、ical Wiring and Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.12 Safety Precaution Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710.13 Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710.14 Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710.15 Roadways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711 REFRIGER
43、ATED STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711.2 Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711.3 Siting Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711.4 Thermal Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.5 Tank Accessorie
45、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811.6 Piping Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911.7 Refrigeration System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19APPENDIX A PIPING, VALVES, FITTINGS, AND OPTIONAL EQUIPMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Table1 Minimum Horizontal Distance Between Shell of Pressurized LPG Tank and Line of Adjoining Property That M
47、ay Be Developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Design and Construction of LPG Installations 1 ScopeThis standard covers the design, construction, and locationof liqueed petroleum gas (LPG) installations at marine andpipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants, reneries,petrochemical plants, o
48、r tank farms. This standard coversstorage vessels, loading and unloading systems, piping, orand related equipment. 1.1The size and type of the installation; the related facili-ties on the site; the commercial, industrial, and residentialpopulation density in the surrounding area; the terrain and cli
49、-mate conditions; and the type of LPG handled shall be con-sidered. Generally speaking, the larger the installation and thegreater the population density of the surrounding area, themore stringent are the design requirements. 1.2Design and construction considerations peculiar torefrigerated storage, including autorefrigerated storage, arecovered in Section 9 of this standard.1.3In this standard, numerical values are presented withU.S. customary units only. These U.S. customary values areto be regarded as the standard values. 1.4This standard shall not apply to the design, c
