1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 172-2017Method of Test forInsoluble Materials inSynthetic Lubricants andHFC Refrigerant SystemsApproved by ASHRAE on March 31, 2017, and by the American National Standards Institute on April 1, 2017.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date foll
2、owing the Standard number is the year ofASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-84
3、00 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprintpermission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2017 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus
4、is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not n
5、ecessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through
6、participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other commi
7、ttee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents o
8、f this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light
9、of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Sta
10、ndards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and inst
11、alling equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standar
12、d or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 172Cognizant TC: 3.4, LubricationSPLS Liaison: David RobinEdward Hessell*, Chair William (Brad) B. Boggess* J
13、oseph A. Karnaz*Robert W. Yost*, Vice-Chair Jay E. Field* Alice Riemer*John Senediak*, Secretary Andrew M. Gbur* Ngoc Dung (Rosine) T. Rohatgi* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Michael W. Gallaghe
14、r Cyrus H. NasseriSteven J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Walter T. Grondzik David RobinJames D. Aswegan Vinod P. Gupta Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Susanna S. Hanson Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Roger L. Hedrick Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Drury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden Jack H. ZarourJohn F. Dunlap, Sri
15、nivas Katipamula William F. Walter, BOD ExOJames W. Earley, Jr. Cesar L. Lim Patricia Graef, COKeith I. Emerson Arsen K. MelikovJulie M. Ferguson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distributio
16、n, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 172-2017Method of Test for Insoluble Materials in Synthetic Lubricantsand HFC Refrigerant SystemsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Safet
17、y25 Apparatus36 Test Material Specification and Their Preparation for Use57 Procedure58 Significance of Results89 References8NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2017 ASHRAE1791 Tullie
18、 Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal us
19、e only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 172-2017(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor
20、conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FORE
21、WORDPartially soluble substances in the refrigerant/lubricant mix-ture that are soluble under one set of temperatures and pres-sures in the refrigeration system but precipitate under otherconditions or in select components or locations of the systemcan adversely impact the operation and reliability
22、of refriger-ation and HVAC equipment. Such substances can be trans-ported within the system to select components where they canform permanent deposits. The process of selective precipita-tion and deposit formation not only may remove a criticalcomponent of the refrigerant/lubricant mixture from loca
23、tionsin the system where it is needed but also form undesirableinsulating films or constrictions to flow. The impact can bemost damaging to fixed-orifice, thermally controlled or elec-tronically controlled expansion devices, where even smalldeposit formation can dramatically alter the diameter orcom
24、pletely block the orifice. Such changes can dramaticallydecrease the efficiency of the refrigeration equipment and/orlead to complete failure of the equipment. 1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to define a test method todetermine the formation of insoluble materials in syntheticlubricants an
25、d hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) systems.2. SCOPEThe test will determine the presence of materials that sepa-rate from refrigerant and lubricant mixtures over a range oftemperatures and concentrations. The test is based on theprecipitation of insoluble material in a lubricant/refrigerantcombination. The re
26、sults can be used to compare lubricantsand refrigerants.3. DEFINITIONScharging apparatus: a device that allows the accurate vac-uum transfer of small volumes of gaseous refrigerants to thesealed tube (or metal test cell) containing precharged lubri-cant. This apparatus consists of a manifold (metal
27、or glass),vacuum pump, pressure gage, high-vacuum gage, refrigerantcylinder, valves, and filling ports. The function of this appara-tus is to evacuate the tube, degas the lubricant, add refrigerantalong with the test materials, and seal it. It is calibrated so thatthe required mass of refrigerant is
28、 added very accurately byfollowing the change in pressure on the pressure gage asrefrigerant is added to the tube.lubricant: a stable fluid that is compatible with system com-ponents, will form a friction reducing film between rubbingsurfaces and seal critical clearances, and has low-temperaturetran
29、sport properties suitable for the application in which it isused1.metal test cell: a steel cell containing a charge valve and win-dows that allow the operator to clearly observe the refriger-ant/lubricant mixture for any visual changes. The cell must berated for the maximum pressure anticipated for
30、the test condi-tions for the particular refrigerant and possess a pressurerelief device.personal protective equipment (PPE): equipment worn tominimize exposure to a variety of hazards2. Examples of PPEinclude such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protec-tive hearing devices (earplugs, muffs
31、), hard hats, respirators,face shields, safety shields, and full-body suits.precipitation temperature: the highest temperature at whichthe working fluid forms a precipitate that is visible to thenaked eye. refrigerant: the working fluid used for heat transfer in arefrigerating system; the refrigeran
32、t absorbs heat and trans-fers it at a higher temperature and a higher pressure, usuallywith a phase change. Substances added to provide other func-tions, such as lubrication, leak detection, absorption, or dry-ing, are not refrigerants3. refrigeration equipment: systems containing refrigerant andlub
33、ricant for use in HVACwear proper gloves (e.g., neoprene, nitrile); and avoid sparks,flame, or heat. Know the location of the nearest fire extin-guisher and take appropriate fire precautions4.5 Charging Manifold. Safeguards must be taken to avoidexcessive pressure on the glass system that could caus
34、e a rup-ture while using the charging manifold. Even with these safe-guards in the design and use of the equipment, the operatorshall wear a face shield, heavy cloth lab coat, and leathergloves and follow other safety precautions for protection incase of an accident. The operator shall also make cer
35、tain theglass in the charging apparatus is of a wall thickness greatenough to withstand vacuum without risk of implosion.4.6 Eye Protection from High-Temperature Flame. Whilesealing a glass tube with an oxygen-gas torch, protect the eyesfrom the yellow flare in the gas flame by using dark glasses(e.
36、g., didymium).4.7 Refrigerant Handling. Several safety considerations arerequired for handling refrigerants under pressure. The opera-tor shall be thoroughly familiar with the information aboutthe environmental impact of refrigerants5and RSES ServiceApplication Manual, Section 24, regarding refriger
37、antcylinders6. When charging steel cylinders with liquid refrig-erant, always reserve 20% of the volume as vapor space (usethe refrigerants room temperature liquid density for this cal-culation). This allows space for expansion of the liquid whenthe temperature increases. These cylinders shall also
38、containappropriately rated pressure relief valves or rupture discs andhave known compatibility with the cylinder materials of con-struction. Due to the incompressible nature of the liquids, aconsiderable rupture hazard exists when a cylinder or anyother enclosed volume is completely filled with liqu
39、id. Aslight rise in temperature in such a system, completely filledwith liquid refrigerant, will result in a very large increase inthe pressure within the system and potential rupture.4.8 Handling Liquid Nitrogen or Other NonflammableLow-Temperature Cooling Solutions. Nonflammable low-temperature co
40、oling solutions in a Dewar flask are used forcooling the sealed glass tube to load it with refrigerant and fora subsequent analysis. When handling such cooling solutions,protective clothing must be worn to prevent frostbite.4.9 Compatibility of Materials. All materials of construc-tion used in the t
41、est apparatus that come in contact with thetest materials must exhibit sufficient compatibility to preventrupture or general failure of the equipment. 5. APPARATUSThis method of test shall be conducted by charging the testmaterials, including lubricant and refrigerant, in sealed glasstubes or metal
42、test cells. The glass tubes and the manifoldused to charge the refrigerant are similar to the tubes andmanifold used in ASHRAE Standard 974.5.1 Sealed Glass Tubes or Metal Test Cells5.1.1 Sealed Glass Tubes. The glass tube is made from9 mm (0.35 in.) OD standard wall borosilicate glass tubing.This t
43、ubing has an ID of 7 mm (0.27 in.), and the tube shall becut into 240 mm (9.45 in.) lengths. One end is sealed to forma rounded bottom with the open end fire polished. The prepa-ration of these tubes shall be performed by someone skilled inthe art of glass blowing. A skilled glass blower shall take
44、intoconsideration such factors asa. proper storage of the glass tubing;b. proper cleanliness of the tubing;c. cutting to obtain square ends;d. the use of a small, sharply pointed oxygen-gas flame andproper glass blowers torch;e. obtaining a uniform wall thickness throughout; andf. proper safety prec
45、autions (see Section 4).5.1.2 Metal Test Cell. The metal test cell shall be of thedesign shown in Figure 2. The cell is constructed of stainlesssteel and has two threaded holes on opposite sides of the cellcapable of accepting commercially available high-pressureborosilicate site glasses. On the rem
46、aining two sides perpen-dicular to the site glasses are two opposing female NPTthreaded holes. One of the threaded holes is designed toaccept a male NPT thermocouple fitting, and the second holeis designed to accept a threaded ball valve with a pressurerelief device between the cell and the ball val
47、ve. The ballvalve should have an opening large enough to accept a #18needle required to charge with lubricant. The ball valve willalso have an adapter on top to allow for safe attachment to thecharging manifold.5.2 Charging Manifold. The charging manifold is illustratedin Figure 3. This apparatus co
48、nsists of a manifold (metal orglass), vacuum pump, pressure gage, high-vacuum gage,refrigerant cylinder, valves, and filling ports. The function ofthis apparatus is to evacuate the tube, add refrigerant alongFigure 1 Example of suitable PPE for working with glasstubes under pressure. ASHRAE (www.ash
49、rae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.4 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 172-2017Figure 2 Design drawing of a metal test cell.Figure 3 Charging manifold. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 172-2017 5with the test materials, and seal it. It is calibrated so that t
