1、Designation: D2105 01 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLongitudinal Tensile Properties of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2105; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the de
3、termination of the com-parative longitudinal tensile properties of fiberglass pipe whentested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature,and testing machine speed. Both glass-fiber-reinforcedthermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforcedpolymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglas
4、s pipes.NOTE 1For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not includenatural polymer.1.2 This test method is generally limited to pipe diameter of6 in. (150 mm) or smaller. Larger sizes may be tested ifrequired apparatus is available.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas
5、 the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
6、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Proper
7、ties of PlasticsD638M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics (Met-ric) (Withdrawn 1996)3D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe
8、andFittingsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminol-ogy D883 and F412 and abbreviations are i
9、n accordance withTerminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Other definitions of terms and symbols relating totension testing of plastics appear in the Annex to Test MethodsD638 and D638M.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 aggregatea siliceous sand conforming to the re-q
10、uirements of Specification C33, except that the requirementsfor gradation shall not apply.3.3.2 exterior surface resin layera resin layer, with orwithout filler or reinforcement, or both, applied to the exteriorsurface of the pipe structural wall.3.3.3 fiberglass pipea tubular product containing gla
11、ssfiber reinforcement embedded in or surrounded by curedthermosetting resin; the composite structure may containaggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,pigments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners maybe included.3.3.4 linerthe inner portion of the wall at least 0.005
12、in.(0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 9.1.2, which does notcontribute to the strength in the determination of the hydro-static design basis.3.3.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)a fiberglasspipe with aggregate.3.3.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)a fiber-glass pipe without aggr
13、egate.3.3.7 reinforced wall thicknessthe total wall thicknessminus the liner or exterior coating thickness, or both.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced PlasticPiping Systems and Chemical Eq
14、uipment.Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2105 01(2007)1.DOI: 10.1520/D2105-01R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
15、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 1
16、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 Tensile properties include modulus of elasticity, yieldstress, elongation beyond yield point, tensile strength, elonga-tion at break, and energy absorption. Materials possessing alow order o
17、f ductility may not exhibit a yield point. Stress-strain data at several levels of temperature, humidity, time, orother variables may be needed to furnish reasonably accurateindications of the behavior of the material.4.2 Tension tests may provide data for research anddevelopment, engineering design
18、, quality control, acceptanceor rejection under specifications, and for special purposes(Note 3). The tests cannot be considered significant forapplications differing widely from the load-time scale of thestandard test (Note 4). Such applications require more suitabletests, such as impact, creep, an
19、d fatigue.NOTE 3It is realized that the method of preparation of a material isone of the many variables that affect the results obtained in testing amaterial. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired,the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples are preparedin e
20、xactly the same way; similarly, for referee or comparative tests of anygiven series of specimens, care must be taken to secure the maximumdegree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling.NOTE 4Reinforcements of plastics with glass fiber offer wide oppor-tunities for designing
21、and producing products with markedly differentresponses to loading even when the basic geometry of the product issimilar. For example, a tubular product may be designed to give maximumresistance to torsion loading, but such a product might develop a twist orbow if tested in tension or under internal
22、 pressure loading. In the case ofpipe for general field use, internal pressure, as well as loads in tension,compression, torsion, and flexure must be resisted to some degree.Different pipe producers have chosen, by design, to offer products havingdifferent balances of resistance to such stressing co
23、nditions. As a result, itis important that the purchaser and the seller both have a clear under-standing and agreement on the significance of this test method relative tothe intended use.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type (Note 5) and com
24、prisingessentially the following:NOTE 5It is recognized that the constant rate-of-crosshead-movementtype of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, thatwide differences may exist between gage marks on the specimen, and thatthe testing speeds specified disguise important effects
25、 characteristic ofmaterials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in thethicknesses of test specimens, which are permitted by these procedures,produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, andthat these variations may influence the test results. Hence, wh
26、ere directlycomparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thicknessand outside diameter. Appropriate modifications of the test procedureshould be used when more precise physical data are needed.5.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarymember carrying one grip.5.1.2 Movable
27、 MemberA movable member carrying asecond grip.5.1.3 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen betweenthe fixed member and the movable member. The grips shall beself-aligning; that is, they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into
28、alignment as soon as any load is applied. Withthis arrangement, the long axis of the test specimen willcoincide with the direction of the applied pull through thecenter line of the grip assembly. The test specimen shall be heldin such a way that slippage relative to the grips is preventedinsofar as
29、possible. The grips shall be designed so that nocrushing load shall be applied to the pipe ends. A suggested setof grips and mandrels is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.1.4 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member a uniform, controlled velocity withrespect to the stationary m
30、ember, this velocity to be regulatedas specified in 9.3.5.1.5 Load IndicatorA suitable load-indicating mecha-nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by thetest specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall beessentially free from inertia lag at the specified rate of testingand
31、 shall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of theindicated value, or better. The accuracy of the testing machineshall be verified in accordance with Practice E4.NOTE 6Experience has shown that many testing machines now in useare incapable of maintaining accuracy for as long as the periods bet
32、weeninspection recommended in Practice E4. Hence, it is recommended thateach machine be studied individually and verified as often as necessary. Itwill frequently be necessary to perform this function daily.5.1.6 The fixed member, movable member, drivemechanism, and grips shall be constructed of suc
33、h materialsand in such proportions that the total elastic longitudinal strainof the system constituted by these parts does not exceed 1 % ofthe total longitudinal strain between the two gage marks on thetest specimen at any time during the test and at any load up tothe rated capacity of the machine.
34、5.2 Extension IndicatorA suitable instrument for deter-mining the distance between two fixed points located withinthe gage length of the test specimen at any time during the test.It is desirable, but not essential, that this instrument automati-cally record this distance (or any change in it) as a f
35、unction ofthe load on the test specimen or of the elapsed time from thestart of the test, or both. If only the latter is obtained, load-timedata must also be taken. This instrument shall be free of inertialag at the specified speed of testing and shall be accurate to61 % of strain or better.NOTE 7Re
36、ference is made to Practice E83.5.3 MicrometersSuitable micrometers, reading to at least0.001 in. (0.025 mm), for measuring the diameter and thicknessof the test specimens.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimens shall be sections of fiberglass pipe ortubing with a minimum length of 18 in. (45.7 cm) b
37、etweengrips.6.2 All surfaces of each specimen shall be free from visibleflaws, scratches, or imperfections.6.3 The minimum gage length shall be 2.0 in. (5.1 cm) formechanical extension measuring devices. A gage length of lessthan 2.0 in. (5.1 cm) is acceptable for electrical extensionmeasuring devic
38、es, such as strain gages.6.4 Gage marks may be placed on the specimen using ink,crayon, scratches, punches, etc., provided they do not damagethe reinforcement.D2105 01 (2014)26.5 Pipe with high tensile properties may require additionalreinforcement at the grip areas to prevent pipe failure from thec
39、rush load of the grips.6.6 For determination of joint strength, specimens shallinclude a joint centered between the grips.7. Number of Test Specimens7.1 At least five specimens shall be tested for each sample.7.2 Results from tested specimens that break at someobvious flaw or within one pipe diamete
40、r of the grips may bediscarded.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73 6 4F(22.7 6 2.2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofMethods D618, for those tests where conditioning is required.In cases of disagreement
41、, the tolerances shall be6 2F(61.1C) and 62 % relative humidity.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the Standard Labora-tory Atmosphere of 73 6 4F (22.7 6 2.2C) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreements, thetoler
42、ances shall be 62F (1.1C) and 62 % relative humidity.9. Procedure9.1 Dimensions and Tolerances:9.1.1 Wall Thickness and DiameterDetermine in accor-dance with Practice D3567.9.1.2 Liner ThicknessIf the test specimens contain a liner,determine the average liner thickness in accordance withPractice D35
43、67.9.2 Place the specimen in the grips of the testing machine,taking care to align the long axis of the specimen and the gripsFIG. 1 Suggested Holding Device for Tension Test SpecimenD2105 01 (2014)3with an imaginary line joining the points of attachment of thegrips to the machine. Tighten the grips
44、 evenly and firmly to thedegree necessary to prevent slippage of the specimen duringthe test but not to the point where the specimen would becrushed.9.3 Speed of testing is the velocity of separation of thecrossheads (or grips) of the testing machine when operatingunder no load. The speed of testing
45、 shall be either:9.3.1 0.20 to 0.25 in./min (0.508 to 0.635 cm/min) or9.3.2 0.40 to 0.50 in./min (1.02 to 1.27 cm/min).9.4 Attach the extension indicator. Set the speed of testing,and start the machine. Specimens shall be carried to failure.Record loads and corresponding deformations at appropriatee
46、ven intervals of strain. Record the load carried by thespecimen when the strain reaches 0.02 and the elapsed timefrom the start of the test until this point is reached. If ruptureoccurs before the strain reaches 0.02, record the elapsed timefrom the start of the test until the specimen breaks.10. Ca
47、lculation10.1 Tensile StrengthCalculate the tensile strength bydividing the maximum (or breaking) load by the originalminimum reinforced cross-sectional area of the specimen.Report the result to three significant figures.10.2 Percentage ElongationCalculate the percentageelongation by dividing the ex
48、tension at the moment of rupturePipe SizeABCDEFGHJ211732 178 238 134 238 212 8 114 218212 11516 238 278 2316 234 278 10 114 214312932 21516 312 2316 234 278 10 1 23842132 31316 412 2316 234 278 10 1 234Pipe SizeKLMNOPQRS211932 3116 25364 22564 218 278 378 314 22732212 218 312 32164 25764 258 338 438
49、 334 311323218 312 36164 33364 314 4538 331324218 312 46164 43364 414 56538 43132NOTE 1Other sizes of pipe may be tested using this test method by varying the dimensions of the holding fixture given in Fig. 2 to fit the specimenand testing machine.FIG. 2 Suggested Holding Device, DetailsD2105 01 (2014)4of the specimen by the original distance between gage marksand multiplying by 100. Report the percentage elongation totwo significant figures.10.3 Mean Rate of StressingCalc
