1、ANSI B11.222002 American National Standard for Machine Tools Safety Requirements for Turning Centers and Automatic, Numerically Controlled Turning Machines Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: AMT The Association For Manufacturing Technology 7901 Westpark Drive McLean, VA 22102 Approved:
2、JUNE 14, 2002 by the American National Standards Institute, Inc. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS By approving this American National Standard, the ANSI Board of Standards Review confirms that the requirements for due process, consensus, balance and openness have been met by AMT The Association For Manuf
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18、orldwide sources and can connect those who seek standards to those who supply them. Published by: AMT The Association For Manufacturing Technology 7901 Westpark Drive, McLean, VA 221024269, USA Copyright 200X by the Association For Manufacturing Technology All rights reserved. Printed in the United
19、States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. iiTable of Contents Page FOREWORD.V EXPLANATION OF THE FORMAT OF THIS STANDARD, AND ANSI B11 CONVENTIONSVII INTRODUCTION
20、VIII 1 SCOPE 1 1.1 TURNING CENTERS 1 1.2 AUTOMATIC, NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED TURNING MACHINES 1 1.3 EXCLUSIONS.2 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES2 3 DEFINITIONS 3 4 RESPONSIBILITY.7 4.1 SUPPLIERS RESPONSIBILITY.7 4.2 USERS RESPONSIBILITY8 4.3 PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITY10 5 HAZARD CONTROL.11 5.1 TASK AND HAZARD ID
21、ENTIFICATION 11 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT / RISK REDUCTION12 6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 13 6.1 GENERAL 13 6.2 COMPONENT SELECTION .13 6.3 MACHINE CONTROLS13 6.4 MODES OF OPERATION 13 6.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT .14 6.6 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS 14 6.7 EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES 16 6.8 STORED ENERGY .16 6.9
22、EXTERNAL INTERFERENCES 17 6.10 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S).17 6.11 MACHINE STARTING17 6.12 STOP AND EMERGENCY STOP CONTROLS.17 6.13 OPERATOR CONTROL STATIONS18 6.14 MANUALLY OPERATED CONTROL DEVICES19 6.15 INDICATORS 21 6.16 ANTI-MOTION MECHANISMS OR COUNTER-BALANCE SYSTEMS21 6.17 P
23、OWER OPERATED WORKHOLDING.22 6.18 COOLANT SYSTEMS24 6.19 TOOL HOLDER RETENTION 26 6.20 ELIMINATION OF, OR PROTECTION FROM, INHERENT HAZARDS.26 6.21 SAFEGUARDING 28 6.22 ACCESS TO MACHINE PARTS .31 6.23 EJECTED PARTS OR FLUIDS .31 6.24 VIEWING WINDOWS.32 6.25 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY32 6.26 NOISE32 6.27
24、MIST, FUMES, VAPORS AND DUST32 6.28 ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS .33 6.29 ENERGY SUPPLY FAILURES33 6.30 ERRORS OF FITTING .33 6.31 LIFTING OF MACHINE COMPONENTS33 iii7 LAYOUT, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND START-UP . 33 7.1 GENERAL 34 7.2 LAYOUT AND INSTALLATION. 34 7.3 TESTING AND START-UP 34 8 SAFEGUARDIN
25、G 35 8.1 GENERAL 35 8.2 GUARDS 35 8.3 SAFEGUARDING DEVICES 36 8.4 AWARENESS BARRIERS AND DEVICES 37 8.5 SAFEGUARDING AGAINST SPECIFIC HAZARDS 37 8.6 SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 38 8.7 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S) 39 9 SETUP, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.40 9.1 GENERAL 40 9.2 MACHINE SET-UP PRO
26、CEDURES 40 9.3 SAFEGUARDING . 40 9.4 MAINTENANCE 41 9.5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 42 9.6 TRAINING 42 9.7 SUPERVISION . 44 9.8 INITIATION OF NORMAL OPERATION 44 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) FIGURES . 45 FIGURE A.1 EXAMPLE OF A HORIZONTAL NC TURNING MACHINE 45 FIGURE A.2 EXAMPLE OF A VERTICAL NC TURNING
27、MACHINE. 46 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) LIST OF HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS. 47 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) 50 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) SAFETY DISTANCE 51 ivForeword (This foreword not part of the requirements of American National Standard B11.22-2002) The primary
28、 objective of this standard is to eliminate or control hazards to personnel associated with numerically controlled turning machines by establishing requirements for the construction, operation and maintenance of these machines. To accomplish this objective, responsibilities have been assigned to the
29、 supplier (e.g., manufacturer, rebuilder, reconstructor, installer, integrator), the user, and personnel in the working environment. The words “safe“ and “safety“ are not absolutes. Safety begins with good design. While the goal of this standard is to eliminate injuries, it is recognized that risk f
30、actors cannot be practically reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard is not intended to replace good judgment and personal responsibility. Operator skill, attitude, training, job monotony, fatigue and experience are safety factors that must be considered by the user. Turning centers, nu
31、merically controlled turning machines, and associated equipment technologies are continuously evolving. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the
32、 requirements or explanatory area of this standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. Inquiries with respect to the application or the substantive requirements of this standard, and suggestions for its improvement are welcomed, and should be sent to the AMT The Associati
33、on For Manufacturing Technology, 7901 Westpark Drive, McLean, Virginia 22102-4206, Attention: B11 Secretariat. This standard was prepared by the B11.22 Subcommittee, processed and submitted for ANSI approval by the B11 Accredited Standards Committee on Safety Standards for Machine Tools. Committee a
34、pproval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved as an American National Standard, the ANSI B11 Accredited Standards Committee was composed of the following member organizations: John W. Russell, PE, CSP Cha
35、irman Gary D. Kopps, Vice-Chairman David A. Felinski, Secretary Organizations Represented Name of Representative(s) Delegate Alternate Aerospace Industries Association of America Robert Eaker Alliance of American Insurers John Russell, PE, CSP Keith Lessner Aluminum Extruders Council Jeff Dziki Mart
36、in Bidwell American Insurance Service Group Henry S. Pankiw Paul Frenier American Institute of Steel Construction Thomas Schlafly American Society of Safety Engineers Bruce Main, PE, CSP George Karosas, PE, CSPAMT The Association For Manufacturing Technology Russell Bensman Can Manufacturers Institu
37、te Geoff Cullen Deere and Company Gary D. Kopps Kent D. Johnson Forging Industry Association John W. Commet Karen Taylor General Motors Corporation Michael Taubitz Graphic no deviation is permitted. The term “SHOULD” denotes a recommendation, a practice or condition among several alternatives, or a
38、preferred method or course of action. Similarly, the term “CAN” denotes a possibility, ability or capability, whether physical or causal, and the term “MAY” denotes a permissible course of action within the limits of the standard. B11 conventions: Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in
39、 either column of this standard unless they are of such nature as to be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to assist in compliance with the standard. The B11 standards do not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “OR” is used as an inclusive disjunction
40、, meaning one or the other or both. A distinction between the terms “individual” and “personnel” is drawn. Individual includes personnel (employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other contract workers under the indirect control of the supplier or user) but also encompasses persons who are not und
41、er the direct or indirect control of the supplier or user (e.g., visitors, vendors, etc.). Gauge refers to a measuring or testing instrument; gage refers to limiting device (e.g., backgage). Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to AMT-The Association For
42、Manufacturing Technology, 7901 Westpark Drive, McLean, VA 22102 - Attention: B11 Secretariat. viiIntroduction The primary purpose of every machine tool is to process parts. This is accomplished by the machine imparting process energy onto the workpiece. Inadvertent interference with, or accidental m
43、isdirection of the released energy during production, maintenance, commissioning and de-commissioning may result in injury. The purpose of the ANSI B11 series of machine tool safety standards is to devise and propose ways to minimize risks of the potential hazards. This can be accomplished by an app
44、ropriate machine design, by restricting personnel and other individuals access to hazard areas, and by devising work procedures to minimize personnel exposure to hazardous situations. This is the essence of the ANSI B11 series of safety standards. The responsibility for the alleviation of these risk
45、s is divided between the equipment supplier, its user and its operating personnel, as follows (numbers in parentheses refer to the clause numbers in these standards which address that responsibility): SUPPLIER USERResponsible for:Instruction manual Operation manual Maintenance manual (4.1) Overall w
46、orkplace safety Maintenance and inspection procedures Training (4.2)Task and hazard identification (5.1) Risk assessment/risk reduction (5.2)Design and construction (6) Set-up, operation and maintenance (9) Safeguarding (8) Layout, installation, testing and start-up (7)PERSONNELComply with instructi
47、ons (4.3) B11.19 NFPA 79 For task/hazard combinations for which the standard does not provide protective measures, apply the principles of B11.TR3 viiiAmerican National Standard B11.222002 American National Standard for Machine Tools Safety Requirements for Turning Centers and Automatic, Numerically
48、 Controlled Turning Machines Standard Requirements Explanatory Information (This column is not part of the requirements of this American National Standard for Machine Tools Safety Requirements for Turning Centers and Automatic, Numerically Controlled Turning Machines, ANSI B11.22-2002). 1 Scope E1 T
49、his standard specifies the safety requirements for the design, construction, operation and maintenance (including installation, dismantling and transport) of turning centers and automatic, numerically controlled turning machines (see 1.1 and 1.2). This standard is applicable to: automatic, numerically controlled horizontal- and vertical- spindle turning machines and turning centers which are designed to accept workholding devices up to 500 mm (20 inches) outside diameter and with distance between centers of up to 2 m (80 inches); auxiliary
