1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY P.O. BOX 3005 MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-3005 ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2
2、006(E)Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w
3、ithout license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Approved as an American National Standard by: American Society f
4、or Quality August 16, 2006 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with is scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence o
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12、leNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Also available from ASQ Quality Press: ANSI/ASQ E4-2004: Quality systems for environmental data and technology programs Requirements with guidance for use ANSI/ASQ ANSI/ISO/ASQ QE19011S-2004: Guidelines for quality and/or environ
13、mental management systems auditing ANSI/ISO/ASQ Effective Implementation of ISO 14001 Marilyn Block Clean, Green and Read All Over: Ten Rules for Effective Corporate Environmental and Sustainability Reporting J. Emil Morhardt ISO 14015:2001 Environmental Management: Environmental assessment of sites
14、 and organizations (EASO) ISO The Management System Auditors Handbook Joe Kausek To request a complimentary catalog of ASQ Quality Press publications, call 800-248-1946, or visit our Web site at http:/qualitypress.asq.org. ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)vCopyright American Society for Quality Provided
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16、se from IHS-,-,-Contents Page1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 13 Principles 53.1 General . 53.2 Relevance . 53.3 Completeness 53.4 Consistency . 53.5 Accuracy 53.6 Transparency . 53.7 Conservativeness 54 Introduction to GHG projects . 55 Requirements for GHG projects . 95.1 General requirements . 95
17、.2 Describing the project 95.3 Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant to the project . 105.4 Determining the baseline scenario 105.5 Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for the baseline scenario 105.6 Selecting relevant GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for monitoring or es
18、timating GHG emissions and removals . 115.7 Quantifying GHG emissions and/or removals 115.8 Quantifying GHG emission reductions and removal enhancements . 115.9 Managing data quality . 125.10 Monitoring the GHG project . 125.11 Documenting the GHG project . 125.12 Validation and/or verification of t
19、he GHG project 125.13 Reporting the GHG project . 13Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this part of ISO 14064 14Annex B (informative) Greenhouse gas global warming potentials 27Bibliography . 28ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)viiCopyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under lic
20、ense with ASQ Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carri
21、ed out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
22、collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International S
23、tandards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
24、 this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 14064-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management.ISO 14064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Greenhouse gases:
25、 Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhousegas emissions and removals Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting ofgreenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements P
26、art 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertionsANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)viiiCopyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Introdu
27、ction0.1 Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenges facing nations, governments,business and citizens over future decades. Climate change has implications for both human and naturalsystems and could lead to significant changes in resource use, production and economic activi
28、ty. In response,international, regional, national, and local initiatives are being developed and implemented to limit greenhousegas (GHG) concentrations in the Earths atmosphere. Such GHG initiatives rely on the quantification,monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG emissions and/or removals.I
29、SO 14064-1 details principles and requirements for designing, developing, managing and reportingorganization or company-level GHG inventories. It includes requirements for determining GHG emissionboundaries, quantifying an organizations GHG emissions and removals and identifying specific companyacti
30、ons or activities aimed at improving GHG management. It also includes requirements and guidance oninventory quality management, reporting, internal auditing and the organizations responsibilities in verificationactivities.This part of ISO 14064 focuses on GHG projects or project-based activities spe
31、cifically designed to reduceGHG emissions or increase GHG removals. It includes principles and requirements for determining projectbaseline scenarios and for monitoring, quantifying and reporting project performance relative to the baselinescenario. It provides the basis for GHG projects to be valid
32、ated and verified.ISO 14064-3 details principles and requirements for verifying GHG inventories and validating or verifying GHGprojects. ISO 14064-3 describes the process for GHG-related validation or verification and specifiescomponents such as validation or verification planning, assessment proced
33、ures and the evaluation oforganization or project GHG assertions. ISO 14064-3 can be used by organizations or independent parties tovalidate or verify GHG assertions.Figure 1 displays relationships among the three parts of ISO 14064.0.2 ISO 14064 is expected to benefit organizations, governments, pr
34、oject proponents and stakeholdersworldwide by providing clarity and consistency for quantifying, monitoring, reporting and validating or verifyingGHG inventories or projects. Specifically, use of ISO 14064 could enhance the environmental integrity of GHG quantification, enhance the credibility, cons
35、istency, and transparency of GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting,including GHG project emission reductions and removal enhancements, facilitate the development and implementation of organization GHG management strategies and plans, facilitate the development and implementation of GHG projec
36、ts, facilitate the ability to track performance and progress in the reduction of GHG emissions and/or increase inGHG removals, and facilitate the crediting and trade of GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements.Users of ISO 14064 could find benefit from some of the following applications:a) co
37、rporate risk management: for example, the identification and management of risks and opportunities;b) voluntary initiatives: for example, participation in voluntary GHG registry or reporting initiatives;c) GHG markets: for example, the buying and selling of GHG allowances or credits;d) regulatory/go
38、vernment reporting: for example, credit for early action, negotiated agreements or nationalreporting programmes.ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)ixCopyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-
39、,-,-0.3 A standardized approach for quantification, monitoring and reporting is required for GHG projects and anyresulting GHG emission reductions and/or removal enhancements, in order that they are comparable amongintended users and GHG programmes. Accordingly, this part of ISO 14064 specifies a ge
40、neral, GHGprogramme-neutral framework and uses terms and concepts designed to be compatible with otherrequirements and guidance from relevant GHG policies and programmes, good practice, legislation andstandards. Reference 13 provides an example of good practice guidance.This part of ISO 14064 deals
41、with the concept of additionality by requiring that the GHG project has resulted inGHG emission reductions or removal enhancements in addition to what would have happened in the absenceof that project. It does not use the term “additionality”, prescribe baseline procedures or specify additionalitycr
42、iteria. This part of ISO 14064 requires the project proponent to identify and select GHG sources, sinks andreservoirs relevant for the GHG project and for the baseline scenario. In order to be compatible with thebroadest range of GHG programmes, it does not use the term “boundaries” to describe whic
43、h GHG sources,sinks and/or reservoirs are considered for quantification, monitoring and reporting, but instead uses the conceptFigure 1 Relationship between the parts of ISO 14064ANSI/ISO/ASQ E14064-2:2006(E)xCopyright American Society for Quality Provided by IHS under license with ASQ Not for Resal
44、eNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-of relevant GHG sources, sinks and/or reservoirs. Thus the project proponent may apply additionality criteriaand procedures, or define and use boundaries consistent with relevant legislation, policy, GHG programmesand good practic
45、e.Quantification and monitoring of project-level GHG emissions, removals, emission reductions and removalenhancements is challenging because actual project performance is assessed against a hypothetical baselinescenario that represents what would have happened in the absence of the GHG project. Cons
46、equently, it isdifficult to verify GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks of the baseline scenario. It is therefore important todemonstrate that the baseline scenario is consistent with the principles of this part of ISO 14064, includingconservativeness and accuracy, in order to increase the level of
47、 confidence that GHG emission reductionsand/or removal enhancements are credible and not over-estimated. Generally, the baseline scenario isdetermined on the basis of an assessment of alternative scenarios. For both the project and the baselinescenario, the quantification, monitoring and reporting o
48、f GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks by GHGsources, sinks and reservoirs is based on procedures developed by the project proponent or adopted fromrecognized authorities.0.4 This part of ISO 14064 does not specify requirements for validation/verification bodies orvalidators/verifiers in providing assurance against GHG assertions or claims by GHG projects. Suchrequirements may be specified by the authority of the applicable GHG programme or can be found inISO 14064-3. The process to recognize certified GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements as GHGunits, cre
