1、 ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 Revision of ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2006 For the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items Footwear/Flooring System Resistance Measurement in Combination with a Person Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 An American National Stand
2、ard Approved July 8, 2015 ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Footwear/Flooring System Resistance Measurement in Combination with a Person Approved July 1, 2015 ESD Association ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 Electrostati
3、c Discharge Association (ESDA) standards and publications are designed to serve the public interest by eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating the interchangeability and improvement of products and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper
4、 product for his particular needs. The existence of such standards and publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of the Association from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such standards and publications. Nor shall the fact that a standard or publicatio
5、n is published by the Association preclude its voluntary use by non-members of the Association whether the document is to be used either domestically or internationally. Recommended standards and publications are adopted by the ESDA in accordance with the ANSI Patent policy. Interpretation of ESDA S
6、tandards: The interpretation of standards in-so-far as it may relate to a specific product or manufacturer is a proper matter for the individual company concerned and cannot be undertaken by any person acting for the ESDA. The ESDA Standards Chairman may make comments limited to an explanation or cl
7、arification of the technical language or provisions in a standard, but not related to its application to specific products and manufacturers. No other person is authorized to comment on behalf of the ESDA on any ESDA Standard. THE CONTENTS OF ESDAS STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS,” AN
8、D ESDA MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO SUCH CONTENTS. ESDA DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. ESDA ST
9、ANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED TECHNICALLY SOUND AT THE TIME THEY ARE APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION. THEY ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR A PRODUCT SELLERS OR USERS OWN JUDGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR PRODUCT DISCUSSED, AND ESDA DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO GUARANTEE THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY INDIVIDUAL
10、 MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS BY VIRTUE OF SUCH STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. THUS, ESDA EXPRESSLY DISLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE, APPLICATION, OR RELIANCE BY OTHERS ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THESE STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS. NEITHER ESDA, NOR ITS MEMBERS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYE
11、ES OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVES WILL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE USE OR MISUSE OF ESDA STANDARDS OR PUBLICATIONS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THAT APPLIES TO ALL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LI
12、MITATION, LOSS OF DATA, INCOME OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS OF THIRD PARTIES. Published by: Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 Copyright 2015 by ESD Association All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any fo
13、rm, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58537-281-1CAUTION NOTICE DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES DISCLAIMER OF GUARANTY LIMITATION ON ESDAs LIABILITY ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 i (This foreword is
14、 not part of ESD Association standard test method ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015.) FOREWORD This standard test method1 is intended to provide test methods for measuring the resistance of floor materials, footwear and personnel, together as a system. This standard test method covers all floor materials used t
15、o control electrostatic discharge (ESD) including floor mats, floor coverings, coatings, paints, and floor finishes, together with footwear. This standard test method is limited to defining procedures for measuring electrical resistance through personnel in combination with floor materials and footw
16、ear. This standard test method provides data that is relevant during qualification testing or for testing on installed or applied material. Electrical resistance is one property that can be used to evaluate the electrostatic characteristics of floor materials. However, resistance does not fully char
17、acterize these materials. An additional property to be considered in the selection and use of floor materials includes charge accumulation. Refer also to ANSI/ESD STM97.2, Footwear/Flooring System - Voltage Measurement in Combination with a Person. A common source of electrostatic charge in a work e
18、nvironment is the separation of foot or caster from the floor, resulting in the generation of electrostatic charge that can accumulate on personnel and equipment. The effect of this generation and accumulation of electrostatic charge can be minimized with appropriate selection or treatment of the fl
19、oor material. To effectively control electrostatic discharge on personnel and equipment, floor materials shall be used in combination with ESD controlled footwear or other grounding devices. A floor material which is conductive enough to discharge an object may also pose a safety hazard. The work pe
20、rformed on the floor material often entails the use of tools and test instruments which operate at voltages high enough to cause electrical shock. The presence of a floor material tested using the methods described in this document will not guarantee personnel safety. This document was originally de
21、signated ESD STM97.1-1999 and approved on February 7, 1999. ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2006 is a reaffirmation and re-designation of ESD STM97.1-1999 and was approved on February 26, 2006. ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 is a revision of ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2006 and was approved on September 2, 2012. 1 ESD Association Sta
22、ndard Test Method (STM): A definitive procedure for the identification, measurement and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics or properties of a material, product, system or process that yield reproducible test results. ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 ii At the time ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 was pr
23、epared the 97.0 Floor Materials and Footwear Subcommittee had the following members: Dale Parkin, Chair Seagate Technology Kevin Duncan, TAS Rep Seagate Technology Reinhold Gaertner Infineon Technologies Steven Gerken United States Air Force Huan Li JDSU Gregory Manning ARES Technical Services/NASA
24、Chuck McClain Micron Technology, Inc. Gene Monroe NASA Daniel OBrien UDRI Keith Peterson Missile Defense Agency Tim Prass Raytheon Francisco Rodriguez 3M Gheorghe Rugila Lexmark, Inc. Robert Vermillion RMV Technology Group Craig Zander Transforming Technologies The following individuals contributed
25、to the development of ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015: Brent Beamer Mark Fancourt Lehigh Outfitters Meghan Hodge 3M At the time ESD STM97.1-1999 was prepared, the 97.1 Floor Materials Subcommittee had the following members: Paul Petersen, Chair 3M Canada Micheal Brandt Marketing Resources, Ltd. Larry Burich L
26、ockheed Martin Gene Chase Electro-Tech Systems, Inc. Ken Dille Red Wing Shoe Co. Steve Fowler Fowler Associates Randy Hoffman Texas Instruments William Klein K Ph: 315-339-6937; Fax: 315-339-6793; www.esda.org 3 American Society of Textile Colorists and Chemists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Pa
27、rk, NC 27709-2215; 919-549-8141 4 The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification, 2715 E. Mill Plain Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661; 360-693-5675 ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 2 Static Control Footwear (shoes). Covering for the human foot that have properties to control the net accumulation
28、of static charge when used in conjunction with a static control floor or floor finish, or floor mat. Static Control Footwear (other devices). Devices (excluding shoes) connected to human feet such as a foot straps, toe grounders, booties, or other electro-mechanical connectors, that are intended to
29、control the accumulation of static charge when used in conjunction with a static control floor, floor finish, or mat. 4.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY THE PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT MAY EXPOSE PERSONNEL TO HAZARDOUS ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS. USERS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR SELEC
30、TING EQUIPMENT THAT COMPLIES WITH APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATORY CODES AND BOTH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL POLICY. USERS ARE CAUTIONED THAT THIS DOCUMENT CANNOT REPLACE OR SUPERSEDE ANY REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL SAFETY. GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS (GFCI) AND OTHER SAFETY PROTECTION SHOULD BE CONSIDER
31、ED WHEREVER PERSONNEL MIGHT COME INTO CONTACT WITH ELECTRICAL SOURCES. ELECTRICAL HAZARD REDUCTION PRACTICES SHOULD BE EXERCISED AND PROPER GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS FOR EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE FOLLOWED. THE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF THIS TEST METHOD SHALL NOT BE USED TO DETERMINE
32、 THE RELATIVE SAFETY OF PERSONNEL EXPOSED TO HIGH AC OR DC VOLTAGES. 5.0 TEST METHODS This section describes the test methods for measuring the electrical resistance of floor materials, both prior to and after installation. 5.1 Apparatus Requirements 5.1.1 Resistance Measuring Apparatus (Meter) For
33、Product Qualification The meter shall have DC voltage of 100 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above, and 10 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1013 o
34、hms. For Acceptance Testing (for Installed or Applied Flooring) A meter meeting the requirements of the product qualification meter may be used for acceptance testing, or: The meter shall have a DC open circuit voltage of 100 volts ( 5%) for measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above, and 10 volts ( 5
35、%) for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1013 ohms. In case of disagreement, the meter used for product qualification will be used to resolve any disputes. 5 Masonite Corp., 1 N. Dale Mabry Road, Suite 950, Tampa, FL
36、 33609; 813-877-2726 ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 3 5.1.2 Hand-Held Electrode A stainless steel, brass or copper round or tubular stock, approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter x 7.5 cm (3 inches) or greater in length, with a banana plug receptacle or screw connector attached to one end of the cylinder.
37、5.1.3 Environmental Walk-In Test Chamber An enclosed walk-in chamber with appropriate controls and meters capable of controlling relative humidity (RH) to 12% RH ( 3% RH) and temperature to 23C ( 3C). The humidity indicating instrumentation shall be accurate to 3% RH in the operational range. 5.1.4
38、Specimen Support Material 5.1.4.1 For testing of floor finishes, use the floor surface to which the finish would be applied. Mount floor surface on 6.3 mm (0.25 inch) tempered hardboard. The support material should be larger than the specimen. 5.1.4.2 For testing of floors and mats, mount sample on
39、6.3 mm (0.25 inch) hardboard. The support material should be larger than the specimen. 5.1.4.3 Support material shall be clean, smooth and shall have a surface resistivity greater than 1.0 x 1013 ohms/square when measured per ASTM D257 or a surface resistance greater than 1.0 x 1012 ohms when measur
40、ed per ANSI/ESD STM11.11. For test methods using 2.27 kg (5 lb), 6.35 cm (2.5 inch) electrodes, an alternate method to verify the properties of the specimen support surface may be used, by measuring the resistance point-to-point of the material with the electrodes spaced at least 15 cm (6 inches) ap
41、art (edge-to-edge). A resistance point-to-point of at least one order of magnitude greater than the upper limit of the item being measured is required. 5.2 Test Procedures Qualification Testing 5.2.1 Specimen Preparation 5.2.1.1 Minimum size of specimen is 91 cm x 91 cm (36 inches x 36 inches) or la
42、rger. 5.2.1.2 Mount specimen on support material as per Section 5.1.4 using manufacturers recommended procedures. 5.2.1.3 Each sample should have one or more ground connections (referred to as groundable point in this document) that simulate end use grounding methods. 5.2.2 Pre-Conditioning 5.2.2.1
43、Cleaning of Specimens 5.2.2.1.1 Flooring, Mats, or Other Hard Surface Materials and Footwear Clean two times following manufacturers recommendations or clean with a minimum 70% isopropanol-water solution using a clean, low-linting cloth. 5.2.2.1.2 Textile and Other Floor Coverings For the purpose of
44、 removing residual, non-permanent substances, clean according to manufacturers recommendations. In the absence of such recommendations, clean with standard hot water extraction procedures, such as ANSI/IICRC S100 or AATCC-171. ANSI/ESD STM97.1-2015 4 5.2.2.1.3 Floor Finishes Remove any surface conta
45、mination by wiping with a clean, dry, low-linting cloth. 5.2.2.2 Humidity Conditioning Immediately after cleaning floor material specimens and footwear, place them into an environmental chamber at a relative humidity 12% ( 3% RH) and a temperature of 23C ( 3C) for 72 hours minimum. 5.2.3 Test Proced
46、ures Resistance through a Person to a Test Surfaces Groundable Point 5.2.3.1 Connect the negative lead of the meter to a groundable point of the specimen surface and the other lead to a hand-held electrode. 5.2.3.2 Wear the test footwear on both feet for at least 10 minutes. Set voltage to 10 volts,
47、 stand on the test surface with both feet, grasp the hand-held electrode and apply the test voltage (see Figure 1). If the indicated resistance is less than 1.0 x 106 ohms, record the value. If the indicated resistance is equal to or greater than 1.0 x 106 ohms change voltage to 100 volts, record th
48、e resistance after the measurement has stabilized or after 15 seconds has elapsed. Remove test voltage. 5.2.3.3 Repeat 5.2.3.2 with only the left foot in contact with the surface and the other foot held in the air and record resistance. Repeat 5.2.3.2 with only the right foot in contact with the sur
49、face and the other foot held in the air and record resistance. 5.2.3.4 Repeat 5.2.3.2 through 5.2.3.3 at three different locations on the surface of the test specimen (see Figure 1). 5.2.4 Reporting of Test Results Report all resistance measurements in ohms. Also report test voltage, temperature, relative humidity and date of testing, identity of footwear, composition of socks, identity of floor material, identity of person, test equipment used, and substrate to which the test specimen was applied. Summarize test data by reporting minimum, maximum, average, and
