1、 ANSI/ASA S3.36-2012 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Specification for a Manikin for Simulated in-situ Airborne Acoustic Measurements Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics Standards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASAS3.36-2012
2、The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers fo
3、rmed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S3.36-2012 (Revision of ANSI S3.36-1985) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Specification for a Manikin for Simulated in-situ Airborne Acoustic Measurements Secretariat: Acoustical Society of
4、America Approved on November 30, 2012 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract The present standard describes a manikin for airborne acoustic measurements. It comprises a head with external ears and ear canals, and a torso that simulates a median human adult. It is intended primarily
5、 as an instrument for measuring the response of acoustical devices under simulated in situ conditions. Acoustical performance requirements are given as well as informative geometric descriptions. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretaria
6、t for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with
7、a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and publish
8、ed as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining
9、or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American
10、National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards R
11、eview, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their r
12、esolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Stan
13、dards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road
14、, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2012 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling wi
15、thin the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2012 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative refe
16、rences 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Physical characteristics of the manikin 6 4.1 Construction 6 4.2 Materials . 6 4.3 Markings . 7 4.4 Documentation 8 5 Standard ambient reference conditions . 8 6 Acoustical characteristics of the manikin . 8 6.1 Measurement conditions 8 6.2 Frequency response . 1
17、3 6.3 Pressure response field calibration 15 7 Other properties . 15 7.1 Openings 15 7.2 Test for sound leakage . 15 8 Application-specific requirements 16 8.1 Hearing aid simulated insertion gain measurement . 16 8.2 Insertion loss measurement of hearing protectors . 16 8.3 Headphone and earphone m
18、easurements . 16 8.4 Room acoustics and automotive acoustics measurements . 16 8.5 Telephony Handset and headset measurements 16 Annex A (informative) Supplementary data: Ear Drum (DRP) to Ear Reference Point (ERP) transfer function 17 Annex B (informative) Manikin dimensions 19 B.1 Definitions of m
19、anikin head and torso dimensions . 19 B.2 Comparison of manikin dimensions and average human data 19 Annex C (informative) Cross-sectional head and torso contours for a manikin that fulfills the acoustical specifications of this standard . 20 C.1 Torso . 20 C.2 Head . 20 C.3 Precision . 29 Annex D (
20、informative) Dimensions and cross-sectional contours for a pinna simulator that fulfills the acoustical specifications of this standard . 30 D.1 Pinna simulator . 30 D.2 Precision . 33 2012 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved ii Tables Table 1 Sound levels at positions around the test
21、point for verifying the sound source under free field test conditions . 10 Table 2 Allowable variation of sound field sound pressure levels within each plane for corresponding directional microphone free field rejection . 12 Table 3 Nominal (0 elevation, 0 azimuth) free field frequency response and
22、tolerances of the manikin (in dB) . 14 Table 4 Nominal diffuse field frequency response of the manikin and tolerances (in dB) 15 Table A.1 DRP to ERP transfer function 17 Table B.1 Dimensions for manikins that fulfill the acoustical specifications of this standard and average human data 19 Table D.1
23、 Pinna simulator dimensions . 30 Figures Figure 1 Manikin geometrical references 3 Figure 2 Coordinate scheme for azimuth and elevation angles . 4 Figure 3 Pinna simulator dimension definitions 7 Figure 4 Positions for verifying the sound source under free field test conditions . 10 Figure 5 Nominal
24、 (0 elevation, 0 azimuth) free field frequency response of the manikin with tolerances . 13 Figure 6 Nominal diffuse field frequency response of the manikin with tolerances 14 Figure A.1 DRP to ERP transfer function . 18 Figure B.1 Definitions of manikin head and torso dimensions . 19 Figures C.1 C.
25、5 Cross-section contours of the torso of the manikin. Grid lines are to be reproduced at 2-cm spacing for a full-size manikin. Numbers adjacent to the contours give the distance in cm below () the ear canal entrance for the contour. A symbol encircles the reference axis of rotation of the manikin. .
26、 21 Figures C.6 C.10. Cross-section contours of the head of the manikin. Grid lines are to be reproduced at 2-cm spacing for a full-size manikin. Numbers adjacent to the contours give the distance in cm above (+) or below the ear canal entrance. The symbol encircles the reference for location of the
27、 ears on the manikin head. The symbol encircles the reference and axis of rotation of the manikin. 26 2012 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iiiFigures D.1 D.3 Cross-section contours of the pinna simulator. Grid lines are at 1-cm spacing. Numbers in the margins give the distance in m
28、m above (+) and below (-) the ear canal entrance. The symbol encircles the reference for location of the ears on the manikin head. (The symbols are on a vertical line parallel to the axis of rotation of the manikin.) The grid lines are to be reproduced with 10-mm spacing for a full-size manikin. 31
29、2012 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iv Foreword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S3.36-2012 American National Standard Specification for a Manikin for Simulated in situ Airborne Acoustic Measurements. This standard
30、 comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in bioacoustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Inst
31、itute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S3 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics which pertain to biological safety, tolerance and
32、 comfort. This standard is a revision of ANSI S3.36-1985, which has been technically revised. At the time of preparation of this standard there was a parallel effort in IEC/TC 29, SC-29C Working Group 9 to revise IEC/TR 60959:1990 (in fact, identical to ANSI S3.36-1985), which resulted in IEC 60318-
33、7. The IEC 60318-7 document and this standard have many common elements; however, this standard does differ from IEC 60318-7 in some respects. Notable differences include: The Scope of Use for the manikin includes other applications in addition to hearing aid measurements. Dimensional information is
34、 found in informative annexes. Recommendations for documentation of the manikin calibration are included. Specification of harmonic distortion of the test system is reduced to 0.5%. Conditions and specifications for the free field sound source are detailed. Angular resolution for tests is reduced to
35、 1. The specification for the free field on-axis response of the manikin is revised, considering the response of several different commercially available manikins. The free field manikin response tolerance is specified only at 0 azimuth, whereas tolerances in IEC 60318-7 apply to all azimuth angles
36、(0, 90, 180, and 270). The manikin diffuse field response is specified in place of the 90, 180, and 270 angle responses. A diffuse field response test procedure is detailed. Nominal manikin response and tolerances are provided in both graphical and tabular format. Requirements for field pressure cal
37、ibration are provided. A number of application-specific requirements are included. For mouth-simulator-equipped manikins for telecom applications, reference is made to ITU-T Rec. P.58. The DRP to ERP transfer function is provided in an annex instead of the DRP to EEP transfer function. A table of th
38、e dimensional data for three commercially available manikins and average human data is included in an informative annex. 2012 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved vAt the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, for approval, the membership wa
39、s as follows: C.J. Struck, Chair G.J. Frye, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America C.J. Struck . M.D. Burkhard (Alt.) American Academy of Audiology . .D. Ostergren . S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. .R.A. Dobie . L.A. M
40、ichael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . T.K. Madison D. Driscoll (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) . L.A. Wilber P. Mason (Alt.) Beltone/GN Resound S. Petrovic Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) . L.D. Hager ETS Lindgren Ac
41、oustic Systems . S. Dunlap . D. Winker (Alt.) Etymotic Research, Inc. M.C. Killion . J.K. Stewart (Alt.) Food and Drug Administration S-C Peng Frye Electronics, Inc. G.J. Frye K.E. Frye (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. 2012 Acoustical Society of America All rights res
42、erved viiIntroduction This standard describes a head and torso simulator (a.k.a. manikin) for acoustical measurements such as hearing aid simulated insertion gain, insertion loss of hearing protectors, headphone and earphone response, speech and room acoustics, automotive acoustics, measurements of
43、telephone handsets, headsets, and hands-free or loudspeaking telephones. The manikin described in this standard is intended for airborne acoustic measurements and is not suitable for measurements which depend upon vibration transmission paths such as bone conduction, nor for measurements requiring t
44、he simulation of bone or flesh. The acoustical performance of the head and torso simulator has been specified to provide diffraction effects similar to those encountered around the median adult human head and torso. The frequency response tolerances in this document were developed using free and dif
45、fuse field data provided by the three known manufacturers of compliant test manikins. Additional data for a common alternative configuration of one of the manikins with a legacy ear simulator was also included. Significant changes to this document since the last revision (1985) include: Emphasis is
46、on the acoustical response of the manikin. Dimensional information is moved to informative annexes. The Scope of Use for the manikin includes other applications in addition to hearing aid measurements. Recommendations for documentation of the manikin calibration are included. Specification of harmon
47、ic distortion of the test system is reduced to 0.5%. Conditions and specifications for the free field sound source are detailed. Angular resolution for tests is reduced to 1. The specification for the free field on-axis response of the manikin is revised, considering the response of three different
48、commercially available manikins, one equipped with either of the ANSI/ASA S3.25 ear simulators. The manikin response tolerances are reduced in the critical frequency range from 1 to 5 kHz, considering the small variation between the data for the different manikins. The manikin diffuse field response
49、 is specified in place of the 90, 180, and 270 angle responses. The figure depicting the pinna simulator is updated. A diffuse field response test procedure is detailed. Nominal manikin responses and tolerances are also depicted as graphs. Requirements for field pressure calibration are provided. A number of application-specific requirements are included. For mouth-simulator-equipped manikins for telecom applications, reference is made
