1、 ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 108 Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling Second Edition Prepared by the Horizontal Directional Drilling Design Guideline Task Committee of the Technical Committee on Trenchless Installation of Pipelines of the Pipel
2、ine Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers Edited by Eric R. Skonberg , P.E. Tennyson M. Muindi , P.E. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pipeline design for installation by horizontal directional drilling / prepared b
3、y the Horizon-tal Directional Drilling Design Guideline Task Committee of the Technical Committee on Trenchless Installation of Pipelines of the Pipeline Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers ; edited by Eric R. Skonberg, P.E., Tennyson M. Muindi, P.E.Second edition. pages cm(ASCE manu
4、als and reports on engineering practice ; no. 108) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-7844-1350-0 (print : alk. paper)ISBN 978-0-7844-7837-0 (ebook) 1. Direc-tional drilling. 2. PipelinesDesign and construction. I. Skonberg, Eric R. II. Muindi, Tennyson M. III. American Society of Civil Engineers. Horizonta
5、l Directional Drilling Design Guideline Task Committee. TN871.2.P52 2014 621.8672dc23 2014009672 Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/bookstore | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of t
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12、0 19 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 Cover photo credit: County of San Luis Obispo, California. Project lead John Hollenbeck. MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE (As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982) A manual or r
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20、 . This page intentionally left blank vCONTENTSCONTRIBUTORS vii1. INTRODUCTION . 11.1 Scope . 12. PREDESIGN SURVEYS 32.1 Introduction . 32.2 Surface Survey . 32.3 Subsurface Investigation 4References 123. DRILLED PATH DESIGN 133.1 Introduction . 133.2 Penetration Angles 143.3 Depth of Penetration 14
21、3.4 Radius of Curvature . 163.5 Directional Accuracy and Tolerances 163.6 Drill-and-Intersect Method 173.7 Multiple-Line Installations 173.8 Casings 18References 184. PIPE DESIGN 214.1 Introduction . 214.2 Installation Loads 214.3 Operating Loads 254.4 Pipe Material 274.5 Stresses in Steel Pipe 294.
22、6 Stresses in High-Density Polyethylene Pipe 354.7 Ductile Iron Pipe Design Considerations . 404.8 Steel Pipe Corrosion Coating 41References 42vi CONTENTS5. CONSTRUCTION IMPACT. 455.1 Introduction . 455.2 Workspace 455.3 Drilling Fluid . 46References 536. AS-BUILT DOCUMENTATION 556.1 Introduction .
23、556.2 Construction Staking 556.3 Documentation of Actual Drilled Path End Points . 556.4 Required Measurements Prior to Commencing Drilling Operations . 566.5 Pilot-Hole As-Built Calculations 566.6 Pilot-Hole Survey Data 566.7 Pilot-Hole As-Built Error Distribution 606.8 Pilot-Hole As-Built Drawing
24、. 606.9 Postinstallation Survey 60References 61GLOSSARY . 63INDEX 69viiCONTRIBUTORS TASK COMMITTEE Eric R. Skonberg, P.E., Chairman President Trenchless Engineering Corporation15015 Inverrary Drive Houston, TX 77095 Brad K. Baker, P.E. Project Manager Engineer Magellan Midstream Partners, L.P. One W
25、illiams Center, MD:30 Tulsa, OK 74172 Brad.B Ralph Carpenter Marketing Specialist American Ductile Iron Pipe American Spiralweld Pipe 1501 31 st Avenue North Birmingham, AL 35207 Larry J. Petroff, P.E. Consultant Glenn Duyvestyn, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng Senior Associate | Principal Project Manager Hatc
26、h Mott MacDonald Canal Place 520 South Main Street, Suite 2457 Akron, OH 44311 Camille George Rubeiz, P.E. Director of Engineering Plastics Pipe Institute 105 Decker Court, Suite 825 Irving, TX 75062 crubeizplasticspipe.org Tim McGuire Vice President of Directional Crossings Michels Directional Cro
27、ssings A Division of MICHELS CorporationP.O. Box 128 | 817 West Main Street Brownsville, WI 53006 TMcguiremichels.us viii CONTRIBUTORSArvid Veidmark III Executive Vice President/Senior EstimatorSpecialized Services Co. (SSC) 2001 W. North Lane, Suite A Phoenix, AZ 85021 Mark Woodward, P.E. U.S. Arm
28、y Corps of Engineers CEMVN-ED New Orleans DistrictP.O. Box 60267 New Orleans, LA 700160-0267 Mark.L.Woodwardusace.army.mil BLUE RIBBON PANEL REVIEWERSJohn D. Hair, P.E. President J.D. Hair Surface features such as roadways, sidewalks, utility poles, over-head power lines, fi re hydrants, etc.; Ledge
29、 or rock outcrops; Boring/test pit locations; Waterways; Potentially delineated wetlands; Culverts; Visible subsurface utility landmarks such as manholes or valve boxes; and Structures such as buildings, towers, or bridges adjacent to the pro-posed drilled path. A plan view of a fi nished survey for
30、 a major HDD river crossing is shown in Figure 2-1 . Contours are useful, but not imperative, because HDD activities on the surface are limited to entry and exit point work areas. It is important to note that HDD crossings designed with sig-nifi cant elevation differences between entry and exit pres
31、ent unique challenges to HDD construction and should be readily apparent in the design drawing. Controlled aerial photographs, if recently taken, are commonly used and can eliminate the need for surveying many surface features. Waterway crossings may also require a hydrographic survey. The hydrograp
32、hic survey should include tidal ranges and edges of waterways. It should be conducted along the proposed drill path and include data as appropriate upstream and downstream of the path. As with the surface survey, bottom contours are useful but not imperative unless dramatic variations in bathymetric
33、 elevations are anticipated. Most drilled paths are designed well below a waterway bottom, and small variations in elevation do not affect design. 2.3 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION Once the surface survey data have been obtained, evaluation of sub-surface features can be initiated. Subsurface feature con
34、cerns that may affect HDD design and therefore should be investigated include the pres-ence of existing utilities, adjacent structure foundations or other manmade obstructions, and geotechnical and hazardous materials conditions along the proposed HDD alignment. PREDESIGN SURVEYS 5Figure 2-1. Survey
35、 of a major HDD river crossing 6 PIPELINE DESIGN FOR INSTALLATION BY HDD2.3.1 Utility Research Utility survey information is important to the planning and execution of the HDD project. Unlike conventional open-cut installations, HDD projects require the contractor to install the utility line in the
36、“blind.” Unable to see possible obstructions, the contractor should be given as complete and accurate a record of potential confl icts and utility clearances as may be obtained by reasonable and diligent inquiry. Guidance with respect to subsurface utility research may be found in CI/ASCE 38-02 (ASC
37、E 2002 ). The designer should also be aware of code requirements related to the degree of utility research required. For example, Section 434.13.5(a) of ASME B31.4-2009 ( 2010 , p. 49) requires the crossing plan and profi le draw-ings to include all “pipelines, utilities, cables, and structures that
38、 cross the drill path, are parallel to and within 100 ft (30 m) of the drill path, and that are within 100 ft (30 m) of the drilling operation, including mud pits and bore pits.” Alternate codes may not contain such specifi c details. The designer should research utility location and depiction requi
39、rements on a project-specifi c basis prior to initiation of the process. The fi rst step in obtaining subsurface utility information is accom-plished during the surface survey by locating visible subsurface utility landmarks. Knowing where valve boxes, manholes, and other structures are located prov
40、ides a starting point for utility research. The design engi-neer should exercise due diligence in not only identifying what utilities are located along the proposed HDD path, but also in determining their horizontal and vertical positions, especially if the existing utility was installed via HDD con
41、struction. One method of obtaining utility data is to contact the local “One Call” locating service. This service can be reached by dialing 8-1-1 from any-where in the United States and is a somewhat easy and straightforward way to identify and locate utilities that are members of the One Call netwo
42、rk. In areas where One Call assistance is not provided during the design phase of work, municipalities and private utility companies should be contacted to obtain the required information. Additional research is often necessary, however, because not all utilities belong to the One Call Network and O
43、ne Call Locates are not always clear with respect to depth. This is particularly true in the case of utilities installed by HDD. Post-construction locating methods are often not effective because of the sig-nifi cant depth of HDD installations. Obtaining as-built record drawings gives the design eng
44、ineer location information and identify many, if not all, of the utility lines that could be encountered. However, because of the possibility of inaccurate informa-tion, relying solely upon record drawings may not be suffi cient for con-struction. Because of the potential impact and damage to utilit
45、y lines due PREDESIGN SURVEYS 7to HDD operations, the contractor must conduct additional investigations before beginning work to verify utility line locations where they are at risk of damage by new construction activities. Generally, if the HDD alignment is expected to pass within 10 ft of an exist
46、ing utility, physically confi rming the location prior to initiating HDD operations if possible is prudent. Utilities located more than 10 ft away may also require physical locating depending on specifi c requirements of the utility owner or the presence of unusual ground conditions along the propos
47、ed HDD alignment near the existing utility. Methods of confi rming subsurface utility locations include Pipe locators, Ground-penetrating radar, Probing, Manual excavation, Vacuum excavation, and Seismic survey. 2.3.1.1 Pipe Locators Utility lines can have both horizontal and verti-cal locations ide
48、ntifi ed by means of surface applied pipe locators. Pipe locators can be instruments that simply detect underground lines by means of a magnetic fi eld application similar to a metal locator. More sophisticated locators require imposing an electric current on the utility line. Applied current travels along the utility and is detected and traced with the pipe locator. Nonmetallic pipe, such as PVC or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), that has not been installed with a tracing wire cannot be detected with a pipe locator. Some underground utility lines such as el
