1、 ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 45How to Select and Work Effectively with Consulting Engineers: Getting the Best Project2012 EditionPrepared bythe Task Committee for the Update of Manual 45 ofthe Committee on Business Practices ofthe Committee on Professional Practice ofthe Ame
2、rican Society of Civil EngineersLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataHow to select and work effectively with consulting engineers: getting the best project/ prepared by the Task Committee for the Update of Manual 45 of the Committee on Professional Practices Constituent Committee on Bus
3、iness Practices.2012 ed.p. cm.(ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice ; no. 45)Rev. ed. of: How to work effectively with consulting engineers. 2003.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-7844-1195-7 (pbk.)ISBN 978-0-7844-7645-1 (e-book)1. Consulting engineersSelection and
4、 appointmentHandbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Civil engineersHandbooks, manuals, etc. I. American Society of Civil Engineers. Constituent Committee on Business Practices. Task Committee for the Update of Manual 45. II. How to work effectively with consulting engineers.TA216.H69 2012658.46dc232011034722Pub
5、lished by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.asce.org/pubsAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein
6、. No reference made in this publication to any specifi c method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a referen
7、ce in purchase specifi cations, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed
8、in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. This information should not be used without fi rst securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specifi c application. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but
9、not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trade-mark Offi ce.Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be obtained by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.
10、org or by locating a title in ASCEs online database (http:/cedb.asce.org) and using the “Permission to Reuse” link. Bulk reprints. Information regarding reprints of 100 or more copies is available at http:/www.asce.org/reprints.Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Res
11、erved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1195-7 (paper)ISBN 978-0-7844-7645-1 (ebook)Manufactured in the United States of America.18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and A
12、pril 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitations and applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineer in his or her everyday work, rather than fi ndings that
13、 may be useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “stan-dard,” however; nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expresses only one persons observations or opi
14、nions), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express information on a specifi c topic. As often as practicable, the committee is under the direction of one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved has been subjected to review by the Executive C
15、ommittee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed manuscripts are often brought before the members of the Technical Divisions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, each work shows the names of the com-mittees by w
16、hich it was compiled and indicates clearly the several pro-cesses through which it has passed in review in order that its merit may be defi nitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Direction voted to establish a series titled, “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Pr
17、actice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals of Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All such Manual or Report material of the Society would have been ref-ereed in a manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound,
18、with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would be consecutive and would be a continuation of present Manual numbers. In some cases of reports of joint committees, bypassing of Journal publications may be authorized.MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE CURRENTLY
19、AVAILABLENo. Title28 Hydrology Handbook, Second Edition45 How to Select and Work Effectively with Consulting Engineers: Getting the Best Project, 2012 Edition50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors, Third Edition54 Sedimentation Engineering, Classic Edition60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer
20、 Design and Construction, Second Edition62 Existing Sewer Evaluation and Reha-bilitation, Third Edition66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Structures71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management, Second Edition73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A G
21、uide for Owners, Designers, and Constructors, Second Edition74 Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading, Third Edition77 Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation, Second Edition85 Quality of Ground Wa
22、ter91 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmis-sion Structures92 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilita-tion, Second Edition94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, and Channels96 Guide to Improved Earthquake Per-formance of Electric Power Systems97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice98 Conveyance of Residual
23、s from Water and Wastewater Treatment99 Environmental Site Characterization and Remediation Design GuidanceNo. Title100 Groundwater Contamination by Organic Pollutants: Analysis and Remediation101 Underwater Investigations102 Design Guide for FRP Composite Connections103 Guide to Hiring and Retainin
24、g Great Civil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products for Overhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment in Lagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design and Operation108 Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Dri
25、lling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants110 Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice111 Reliability-Based Design of Utility Pole Structures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based
26、 Design of Struc-tural Steel for Fire Conditions115 Pipe Ramming Projects116 Navigation Engineering Practice and Ethical Standards117 Inspecting Pipeline Installation118 Belowground Pipeline Networks for Utility Cables119 Buried Flexible Steel Pipe: Design and Structural Analysis120 Trenchless Renew
27、al of Culverts and Storm Sewers121 Safe Operation and Maintenance of Dry Dock Facilities122 Sediment Dynamics upon Dam RemovalAUTHOR BIOGRAPHIESThomas E. Decker, P.E., M.ASCETom Decker is a vice president of Brown and Caldwell based in Alexan-dria, VA. He received his bachelor of science and master
28、of science in civil engineering degrees from the University of Missouri.Francine Eide, P.E., M.ASCEFran Eide is the City Engineer for the City of Olympia, Washington, the states capital city. She serves on ASCEs Committee on Business Practices. Eide received her bachelor of science in civil engineer
29、ing degree from Saint Martins University.Harold J. Farchmin, P.E., F.ASCE, LEED APHarry Farchmin is vice president of Bloom Companies, LLC in Milwau-kee, Wisconsin, past president of the Southeast Wisconsin Branch, and past director of the Wisconsin Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers
30、 (ASCE). He served as chair of the ASCE Membership Commit-tee, Committee on Business Practices, and Engineering Management Division Executive Committee, and as a representative of ASCE on the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc. Farchmin received his bachelor of science and master of s
31、cience in civil engineering degrees from the University of WisconsinMilwaukee.Theodore L. Niemann, P.E., D.WRE, M.ASCETed Niemann is a branch manager of RJN Group, Inc. in Louisville, Ken-tucky. He has served as president of the Louisville Branch and Kentucky Section of ASCE. Niemann received his ba
32、chelor of science and master of science in civil engineering degrees from the University of Kentucky.Gary A. Parks, P.E., F.ASCEGary Parks retired from the Bonneville Power Administration as the regional manager in Redmond, Oregon. He is currently a consultant to the Western Electricity Coordinating
33、 Council, headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. He is a past president of the Oregon Section of ASCE and is the past chair of ASCEs Committee on Professional Practice. Parks received his bachelor of science in civil engineering and master of science in structural engineering degrees from Oregon Sta
34、te University.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSASCE Task Committee for the Update of Manual 45of the Committee on Professional Practicesconstituent Committee on Business PracticesHarold J. Farchmin, P.E., F.ASCE, ChairThomas E. Decker, P.E., M.ASCEFrancine Eide, P.E., M.ASCEDavid F. Garber, P.E., F.ASCETheodore L. Ni
35、emann, P.E., D.WRE, M.ASCEGary A. Parks, P.E., F.ASCEThe Task Committee for the Update of Manual 45 developed the survey questionnaire to solicit input from consulting engineering fi rms and pre-pared the text for this revised edition of Manual No. 45.BLUE RIBBON REVIEW PANELGregory E. DiLoreto, P.E
36、., L.S., F.ASCEGregory C. Heitzman, P.E., M.ASCEKam Movassaghi, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCEThomas R. Walther, P.E., F.ASCEThe Blue Ribbon Review Panel conducted an independent peer review of the draft manuscript.ASCE Staff ContactRebecca M. Waldrup, P.E., M.ASCECONTENTSFOREWORD . ix1 THE PRACTICE OF ENGINEE
37、RING 12 CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES 93 SELECTING THE ENGINEER 194 METHODS OF CHARGING FOR CONSULTING SERVICES . 355 TOTAL PROJECT COST . 476 CONTRACTS FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES 57APPENDIX 1 EJCDC CONTRACT DOCUMENTS 67APPENDIX 2 ENGINEER SELECTION PROCESS: TYPICAL FORMS 69APPENDIX 3 FREQUEN
38、TLY ASKED QUESTIONS 75GLOSSARY . 81INDEX 91viiThis page intentionally left blank FOREWORDThe American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has been concerned with procedures for engaging engineering services since the early 1900s. The fi rst ASCE manual on the subject was published in 1930. The designa
39、-tion Manual No. 45A Guide for the Engagement of Engineering Services (“the manual”) was adopted in 1964, with revisions issued in 1972, 1975, 1981, 1988, 1996, and 2002. This manual is the 2011 edition. It has been renamed How to Select and Work Effectively with Consulting Engineers: Getting the Be
40、st Project.This manual is intended to outline the functions of the consulting engi-neer in serving a project owner or other engineering services client, explain the services usually offered, provide methods of determining compensation for engineering services, and provide historical infor mation on
41、the remuneration received by consulting engineers for their services. A recommended procedure for interviewing and selecting a consulting engineer and guidance on contracts for engineering services are provided. This work is designed to serve the best interests of both the owner and the consulting e
42、ngineer and to foster better understanding between them. The information offered is intended to apply to civil engineering practice and civil works projects; however, certain aspects of this manual may not be applicable to specialty practice.The ASCE Task Committee for the Update of Manual 45 (“Task
43、 Com-mittee”) began the update process by surveying users of the 2002 edition of the manual and prospective users. The survey responders evaluated the 2002 edition of the manual and provided suggestions for improve-ment. The Task Committee evaluated the results of the survey and used the results to
44、prepare this new edition. Survey questionnaires were pre-pared by the Task Committee and were sent in early 2008 and again in late 2009 to consulting engineering fi rms and major owners whose assis-tance was requested to provide recent completed project data. Responses ixx FOREWORDwere received from
45、 more than 360 fi rms and agencies. The Task Commit-tee evaluated the results of the data in preparing this edition.This edition omits the “fee curves” that were included in previous edi-tions. While the previous fee curves were based on historical data col-lected and were meant to provide a frame o
46、f reference, they were sometimes used inappropriately to dictate the percentage fee. In lieu of the curves, the Task Committee has included plots of actual fee data obtained from recent surveys to give a visual sense of fees, but at the same time demonstrate the scatter in values due to the fact tha
47、t each project is unique.The Task Committee gratefully acknowledges those fi rms, agencies, and individuals that contributed their time and talent to make the revised manual better able to serve the public, clients, owners, and the profession.1CHAPTER 1THE PRACTICE OF ENGINEERINGOver the next decade
48、, public entities and private enterprise in America will allocate billions of dollars to improve infrastructure at the local, state, and federal levels in an effort to maintain current levels of services and to improve services in underserved areas. ASCEs Report Card for Americas Infrastructure1esti
49、mates that trillions of dollars will be needed over the coming years to bring the nations infrastructure to an acceptable level of service. ASCEs Infrastructure Investment Policy (PS 299)2warns of the potential adverse effect on our quality of life and U.S. competitiveness in world markets if our infrastructure is allowed to continue to deteriorate. Delaying infrastructure improvements until systems fail will result in even greater costs. ASCE is dedicated to advancing the highest standar
