1、 ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 50Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft HarborsThird EditionPrepared by the Task Committee on Marinas 2020 of the Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Instituteof the American Society of Civil EngineersPublished by American Society of Civil
2、 Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.asce.org/pubsAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publica
3、tion to any specifi c method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifi cations, con
4、tracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no
5、 liability therefor. This information should not be used without fi rst securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specifi c application. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any
6、patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trade-mark Offi ce.Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be obtained by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title in ASCEs
7、 online database (http:/cedb.asce.org) and using the “Permission to Reuse” link.Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1198-8 (paper)ISBN 978-0-7844-7649-9 (e-book)Manufactured in the United States of America.18 17 16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5MANUAL
8、S AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limit
9、ations and applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineer in his or her everyday work, rather than fi ndings that may be useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “stan-dard,” however; nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “r
10、ule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expresses only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express information on a specifi c topic. As often as practicable, the committee
11、is under the direction of one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed manuscripts are often brought before the members of the Technic
12、al Divisions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, each work shows the names of the com-mittees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the several pro-cesses through which it has passed in review in order that its merit may be defi nitely und
13、erstood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Direction voted to establish a series titled, “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals of Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All su
14、ch Manual or Report material of the Society would have been ref-ereed in a manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would be consecutive and would be a continuation of present Manual numbers. In
15、 some cases of reports of joint committees, bypassing of Journal publications may be authorized.No. Title28 Hydrology Handbook, Second Edition45 How to Select and Work Effectively with Consulting Engineers: Getting the Best Project, 2012 Edition50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbo
16、rs, Third Edition54 Sedimentation Engineering, Classic Edition60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, Second Edition62 Existing Sewer Evaluation and Reha-bilitation, Third Edition66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Structures71 Agricultural Salin
17、ity Assessment and Management, Second Edition73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A Guide for Owners, Designers, and Constructors, Third Edition74 Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading, Third Edition77 Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems79 Steel
18、Penstocks, Second Edition81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation, Second Edition85 Quality of Ground Water: Guidelines for Selection and Application of Fre-quently Used Methods91 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmis-sion Structures92 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilita-tion, Second Edi
19、tion94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, and Channels96 Guide to Improved Earthquake Perfor-mance of Electric Power Systems97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment99 Environmental Site Characterization and Remediation Design GuidanceNo.
20、 Title100 Groundwater Contamination by Organic Pollutants: Analysis and Remediation101 Underwater Investigations: Standard Practice Manual102 Design Guide for FRP Composite Connections103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining Great Civil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Product
21、s for Overhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment in Lagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design and Operation108 Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants1
22、10 Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice111 Reliability-Based Design of Utility Pole Structures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based Design of Struc-tural Steel for Fire Conditions115 Pipe Ramming Projects116 Navigat
23、ion Engineering Practice and Ethical Standards117 Inspecting Pipeline Installation118 Belowground Pipeline Networks for Utility Cables119 Buried Flexible Steel Pipe: Design and Structural Analysis120 Trenchless Renewal of Culverts and Storm Sewers121 Safe Operation and Maintenance of Dry Dock Facili
24、ties122 Sediment Dynamics upon Dam Removal123 Prestressed Concrete Transmission Pole Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and InstallationMANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE CURRENTLY AVAILABLECONTENTSPREFACE . viiACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ix1 PLANNING, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERAT
25、IONS . 1Fred A. Klancnik, P.E., F.ASCE; Patrick L. Phillips; David B. Vine, P.E., M.ASCE; and Daniel J. Williams, R.L.A., A.S.L.A.Introduction . 1The Planning Process . 3Market Demand Analysis 5Marina Location Criteria . 12Determining Facilities and Amenities . 18Harbor Confi guration Planning . 27D
26、ockage Layout and Design Considerations . 42Site Investigation and Analysis 42Environmental and Land-Use Issues . 51Mitigation and Sustainability Practices . 58Legal and Regulatory Issues . 65Financial Feasibility Assessment 73Capital Funding Approaches 79Economic Impacts of Small Craft Harbors . 87
27、References . 872 ENTRANCE, BREAKWATER, AND BASIN DESIGN 89Jack C. Cox, P.E.Approach to Design 90Environmental Specifi cations 93Creating the Design Criteria . 106Small Craft Harbor Entrances . 108vvi CONTENTSBasin Agitation 119Berthing Tranquility . 124Breakwaters and Attenuators . 132Harbor Wave Pr
28、otection 138Wave Refl ection Control 148Basin Hydrodynamics 164Sedimentation 173References . 1853 INNER HARBOR STRUCTURES 191Mark A. Pirrello, P.E., M.ASCE, Timothy P. Mason, P.E., and Christopher L. DolanShoreline Stabilization 192Fixed and Floating Docks 212Wave Attenuation Systems 278References .
29、 2824 LAND-BASED SUPPORT FACILITIES 285Fred A. Klancnik, P.E., F.ASCE; Cassandra C. Goodwin, P.E., M.ASCE; Timothy K. Blankenship, P.E., M.ASCE; Bruce E. Lunde, CSISite Design . 286Utilities and Services 303Upland Structures and Equipment 307Dry-Stack Marinas 326References . 345GLOSSARY . 347ABBREVI
30、ATIONS AND ACRONYMS 359INDEX 361PREFACEMarina development has changed signifi cantly since ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 50, “Planning and Design Guide-lines for Small Craft Harbors,” was last revised in 1994. The demand for access to our nations oceans, lakes, and rivers has
31、steadily increased, but the maintenance and new construction of harbor infrastructuresuch as breakwaters, dredging, piers, boat slips, and launch rampshave not kept pace. Furthermore, public access to the water that was traditionally provided by older, outdated marinas and boat launches is being los
32、t to more profi table land uses.These factors create a demand for new harbors and waterfront facilities. In many cases, blighted and contaminated waterfront sites are all that are currently available for development. Collaboration is needed among many professions during all phases of harbor design a
33、nd development, often requiring public-private partnerships to get these projects built. This revised ASCE Manual 50 fi nal report provides the civil engineer with new, state-of-the-art guidelines for the planning, design, and development of small craft harbors. It is not in any sense a “standard,”
34、however, nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide rules of thumb for nonengi-neers. This is the work of a technical committee selected to assemble and convey information on the topic of planning and designing small craft harbors.The boating market has become increasingly sophisticated
35、in its demand for convenient and attractive facilities that not only meet the functional needs of mooring boats in a safe environment, but also serve the cultural and social needs of the boating community. At the same time, the general public wants sustainable waterfront development with both visual
36、 and physical access to the water. Finally, the real estate developer and marina owner (private or public) require an effi cient and profi table operation. These three general objectives usually shape initial project viiviii PREFACEgoals. Every harbor development project presents unique market oppor
37、-tunities, regulations, land conditions, and fi nancing options. Once clear objectives are established and all constraints are understood, an optimal solution can be defi ned through a sustainable design process that addresses the important economic, social, and environmental aspects of the project.
38、 This holistic design approach incorporating integrated technical, scien-tifi c, and fi nancial analyses results in consensus on the small craft harbor master plan.We have learned much about the technical aspects of planning and designing small boat harbors in the past 18 years. Manufacturers as wel
39、l as marine contractors can now provide products that are much more predictable in their performance and, therefore, more cost-effective. Thanks to improved design methodologies available to todays engineer, the risk associated with capital improvements can be assessed at the outset of the project.
40、This technical report will give the design engineer a set of guidelines with which to approach the harbor planning and design process.The report is organized into four parts. Chapter 1: Planning, Environ-mental, and Financial Considerations suggests a logical, analytical plan-ning process and provid
41、es approaches to funding and fi nancing small craft harbors. Chapter 2: Entrance, Breakwater, and Basin Design covers the protection of mooring facilities and basin confi guration. Chapter 3: Inner Harbor Structures provides a guide to the design of improvements along the perimeter of the boat basin
42、 and within the harbor itself. Finally, Chapter 4: Land-Based Support Facilities offers insights into the role and features of landside facilities such as parking, roads, promenades, and boater service buildings essential to the successful operation of small craft harbors and marinas.This report pro
43、vides a valuable reference to the professional civil engi-neer by presenting the factors involved in harbor development and by providing basic background information needed as design input. Addi-tional references are listed at the end of each chapter for those readers who are interested in researchi
44、ng a particular topic in greater detail. Because this specialized area of civil engineering practice continues to evolve with time, it is recommended that the harbor designer keep informed of the state-of-the-art approaches to planning, design, and con-struction of harbors through continuing educati
45、on.Fred A. Klancnik, P.E., F.ASCEChairman, ASCE Marinas 2020 CommitteeSenior Vice President, SmithGroupJJR, Madison, WIACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Task Committee on Marinas 2020 was formed in 2005 for the purpose of updating ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 50, “Planning and Design Guidel
46、ines for Small Craft Harbors.” This Task Committee was chaired by Fred Klancnik, with Jack Cox and Mark Pirrello serving as Control Group members. The following members served as chapter editors and primary authors: Fred Klancnik for Chapter 1, Planning, Environmental, and Financial Considerations;
47、Jack Cox for Chapter 2, Entrance, Breakwater, and Basin Design; Mark Pirrello for Chapter 3, Inner Harbor Structures; and Cassie Goodwin for Chapter 4, Land-Based Support Facilities.Roundtable discussions were conducted on the content of the four chapters of this publication at the Docks at Ports 20
48、07 spon-sored by ASCE in San Diego, California on March 26, 2007; and at ICO-MIAs International Marina Conference in Oostende, Belgium on May 2528, 2008. Fred Klancnik, Jack Cox, and Coy Butler, the chapter editors at the time of these conferences, presented the basic information contained in the ch
49、apters and led discussions at sessions dedicated to the planning and design of small craft harbors. Both written and verbal suggestions were received from the members at large during and after these conferences.A peer review committee of the ASCE Ports Walt Ritchie, Retired Chief Engineer, Port of Seattle, Seattle, Washington; Allan Schrader, Retired Chief Engineer, Port of Tampa, Tampa, Florida; and Varoujan Hagopian, Principal Engi-neer, Sasaki Associates Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, reviewed a dra
