1、“/“. several materials and hardness values were added; paragraphs covering lot size,inspection and quality assurance requirements, and inspection characteristics were added; andeditorial changes were made. The proposal was sent out for balloting, and at the December 7,1993 meeting, comments were rev
2、iewed and acted upon as needed. Following approval by ASME,the document was submitted to the American National Standards Institute, and was approvedas an American National Standard on October 6, 1994.On December 4, 1995, a proposal was developed to revise and clarify several items in thisStandard. F
3、or helical spring-lock washers the changes included adding clearance to the washersinside diameter for heavier coatings such as those mechanically galvanized, moving the decarburi-zation measuring requirement into the proper designated heading, and correcting illustrationsabove tables. For tooth-loc
4、k washers, the changes included clarifying the wording used in themeasurement of the tooth projections on both sides, removing the need for twist testing, andchanging some thickness dimensions in Tables 6 and 8 and the notes for Table 9. In addition,this Standard was revised to conform to the standa
5、rd format of B18 documents. This new editionof the Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November 2, 1999.During the ASME B18 Standards Committee meeting on November 28, 2007 a suggestion wasmade to incorporate the B18.22.1 Plain Washers into the B18.21.1 Lock Washers (Inch Serie
6、s)standard. Both documents were reviewed and a determination was made that the proposal wasfeasible. With a new name, Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth-Lock, and Plain Washers (InchSeries) and a reference noting that ASME B18.21.1-2009 was a “Revision and consolidation ofASME B18.21.1 and ASME B18
7、.22.1“ the consolidation which included editorial and technicalchanges was made. The lock washer changes were mostly editorial with the tooth washers receivedadditional figures to help differentiate Type A from Type B. The plain washer tables 1B and 2included dimensions that were actually considered
8、 specials so tables with preferred sizes wereadapted and fender washer dimensions were included. After balloting and revisions were madethe standard was reballoted and B18.21.1-2009 was approved by B18 Subcommittee 21,Subcommittee 22 and the B18 Standards Committee. This Standard was approved by the
9、 AmericanNational Standard Institute on October 13, 2009.viASME B18 COMMITTEEStandardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws,Washers, and Similar Fasteners(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. Greenslade, ChairD. S. Geor
10、ge, Vice ChairR. D. Strong, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELV. Cartina, Autocraft IndustrialD. A. Clever, ConsultantA. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.C. A. Dugal de la Garza, TSP, Inc.D. S. George, ND IndustriesC. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersJ. Green
11、slade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteJ. J. Grey, Contributing Member, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc.B. Hasiuk, Contributing Member, Defense Supply CenterPhiladelphiaA. Herskovitz, ConsultantJ. Hubbard, Leland-Powel Fastener, Inc.J. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface Warfare CenterW. H.
12、 King, Porteous Fastener Co.J. F. Koehl, Contributing Member, Spirol International Corp.SUBCOMMITTEE 21 LOCK WASHERSW. H. Kopke, Chair, ConsultantD. A. Clever, ConsultantD. S. George, ND IndustriesJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteA. Herskovitz, ConsultantM. W. Holubecki, Electric Boat Co
13、rp.J. F. McCarrick, Defense Supply Center PhiladelphiaviiW. H. Kopke, ConsultantW. J. Lutkus, Emhart TeknologiesD. McCrindle, Canadian Fasteners InstituteM. D. Prasad, Contributing Member, GlobalM however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format m
14、ay be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Fu
15、rther, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings,
16、 whichare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B18 Standards Committee.viiiASME B18.21.1-2009WASHERS: HELICAL SPRING-LOCK, TOOTH LOCK, AND PLAINWASHERS (INCH SERIES)1 GENERAL DATA RELATED TO ALL WASHERS1.1 Scope1.1.1 This Standard covers the di
17、mensionalrequirements, physical properties, and related test meth-ods for helical spring-lock washers (# 0 through 3 in.),tooth-lock washers (# 2 through 134in.), and plain wash-ers (# 0 through 3 in.).1.1.2 The inclusion of dimensional data in thisStandard is not intended to imply that all products
18、described are stock production items. Consumers shouldconsult with suppliers concerning the availability ofproducts.NOTE: The word lock appearing in the names of products inthis Standard is a generic term historically associated with theiridentification and is not intended to imply an indefinite per
19、ma-nency of fixity in attachments where the fasteners are used.1.2 Comparison to ISO StandardsNo comparable ISO standards exist for these parts.1.3 Types1.3.1 Helical Spring-Lock Washers. This Standardcovers helical spring-lock washers of the following sec-tions: regular, heavy, extra duty, and high
20、-collar.1.3.2 Tooth-Lock Washers. This Standard coverstooth-lock washers of the following types: internal tooth,external tooth, countersunk external tooth, internal/external tooth, and of two constructions, designatedTypes A and B.1.3.3 Plain Washers. This Standard covers plain(flat) washers of thre
21、e constructions designated Type A,Type B, and Fender washers.1.4 DimensionsAll dimensions in this Standard are given in inchesand are applicable before any coating is applied.1.5 Responsibility for ModificationsThe washer manufacturers shall not be held responsi-ble for malfunctions of product deter
22、mined to be dueto plating or other modifications when such plating ormodification is not performed under the control or direc-tion of the manufacturer.11.6 TerminologyFor definitions of terms relating to washers or featuresthereof used in this Standard, refer to ASME B18.12.1.7 ReferencesThe followi
23、ng is a list of publications referenced inthis Standard. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issueshall apply.ASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for MechanicalFastenersASME B18.18.2M, Inspection and Quality Assurance forHigh-Volume Machine Assembly FastenersEngineered ApplicationsASME B18.24, Part Id
24、entifying Number (PIN) CodeSystem StandardPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive,P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007 (www.asme.org)ASTM B 99, Standard Specification for Copper-SiliconAlloy Wire for Gener
25、al ApplicationsASTM B 159, Standard Specification for PhosphorBronze WireASTM B 211, Standard Specification for Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and WireASTM B 591, Standard Specification for Copper-Zinc-Tin and Copper-Zinc-Tin-Iron-Nickel Alloys Plate,Sheet, Strip, and Rolled BarASTM B 695, Coa
26、tings of Zinc Mechanically Depositedon Iron and SteelASTM E 140, Standard Hardness Conversion Tables forMetals (Relationship Among Brinell Hardness,Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, RockwellSuperficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, andScleroscope Hardness)ASTM F 436, Standard Specification for Harden
27、ed SteelWashersASTM F 844, Standard Specification for Washers, Steel,Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General UsePublisher: The American Society for Testing andMaterials (ASTM International), 100 Barr HarborDrive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 (www.astm.org)Federal Specification QQ-N-28
28、6, Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought (UNS N05500)ASME B18.21.1-2009Publisher: Department of Defense Single Stock Pointfor Military Specifications and Standards (DODSSP),Defense Automated Printing Service, 700 RobbinsAvenue, Building 4/D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094(www.dodssp.daps.dla.mil)SAE J4
29、03, Chemical Composition of SAE Carbon SteelsSAE J404, Chemical Composition of SAE Alloy SteelsSAE J405, Chemical Composition of SAE WroughtStainless SteelsSAE J411, Carbon and Alloy SteelsSAE J419, Methods of Measuring DecarburizationPublisher: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE Inter-national),
30、400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,PA 15096 (www.sae.org)1.8 LotFor all inspections referenced in this Standard, the lotshall consist of all washers of one type, grade, style,finish, and size fabricated by the same production pro-cess from the same heat number of metal as providedby the metal manufa
31、cturer, and submitted for inspectionand testing at the same time. The maximum lot sizeshall be restricted to one shift of production.1.8.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser,unhardened plain washers (see para. 1.3.3) do notrequire lot control or heat control and are not subject tothe maximu
32、m lot size requirement.NOTE: It is common to produce unhardened plain washers fromscrap steel that does not normally have material heat traceability.1.9 Inspection and Quality AssuranceUnless otherwise specified, acceptability of thisStandard shall be evaluated in accordance withASME B18.18.2.2 GENE
33、RAL DATA FOR HELICAL SPRING-LOCKWASHERS2.1 Application: Helical Spring-Lock WashersThe helical spring-lock washers covered in thisStandard are intended for general applications. Helicalspring-lock washers compensate for developed loose-ness between component parts of an assembly, and pro-vide a hard
34、ened bearing surface.2.2 Dimensions: Helical Spring-Lock WashersThe dimensions of regular, extra duty, and high-collarhelical spring-lock washers shall be specified in Tables1 through 4. Selection should be made from the regular,heavy, extra duty, or high-collar series in Tables 1, 2, 3,and 4, respe
35、ctively, to suit design requirements.2.3 Material and Hardness: Helical Spring-LockWashers2.3.1 Material Composition: Helical Spring-LockWashers. Washers shall be made from material meeting2the chemical composition requirements of one of thefollowing standards:(a) Carbon Steel. SAE J403 10551065 (UN
36、S G10550G10650).(b) Boron Steel. SAE J411 10B5510B65.(c) Stainless Steel. SAE J405 302305 (UNS S30200S30500) or SAE J405 316 (UNS S31600).(d) Aluminum Alloy. ASTM B 211, Alloy 7075 (UNSA97075).(e) Phosphor-Bronze. ASTM B 159, Copper Alloy No.510 (UNS C51000).(f) Silicon-Bronze. ASTM B 99, Copper All
37、oy No. 651or 655 (UNS C65100 or C65500).(g) Nickel-Copper-Aluminum. Federal SpecificationQQ-N-286 (UNS N05500).(h) Alloy Steel. SAE J404 4037 (UNS G40370) or otheralloy steel having at least 0.35% carbon.Other materials and grades shall be as agreed uponby the supplier and purchaser.2.3.2 Hardness:
38、Helical Spring-Lock Washers. Allwashers shall be prepared for checking the materialhardness by cold (water) grinding or filing the sidessufficiently flat and parallel to ensure correct readings.If applicable, be sure to remove the decarburized orplated surface. If the size or shape of the washer doe
39、snot allow flat grinding, the washer may be sectioned,mounted, and tested using micro-hardness. Duringthese operations, care shall be exercised to prevent thesurface temperature of the washer from exceeding 250F.Hardness requirements applicable to washers of therespective materials shall be as follo
40、ws. Refer toASTM E 140 for hardness conversion.(a) Carbon Steel. 38 HRC to 46 HRC, 372 HV to 458 HV.(b) Boron Steel. 38 HRC to 46 HRC, 372 HV to 458 HV.(c) Stainless Steel. 35 HRC to 43 HRC, for lock washersup to and including58in., for larger sizes 32 HRC to 43HRC, 318 HV to 423 HV.(d) Aluminum All
41、oy. 75 HRB to 97 HRB, 137 HV to222 HV.(e) Phosphor-Bronze. 90 min. HRB, 185 min. HV, orequivalent.(f) Silicon-Bronze. 90 min. HRB, 185 min. HV, orequivalent.(g) Nickel-Copper-Aluminum. 33HRCto40HRC,327 HV to 392 HV.(h) Alloy Steel. 38 HRC to 46 HRC, 372 HV to 458 HV.2.3.3 Decarburization: Helical Sp
42、ring-Lock Wash-ers. Carbon steel-, boron steel-, and alloy steel-lockwashers shall meet the limits for decarburization shownin Table 5. The method of testing for decarburizationlimits shall conform with SAE J419.2.4 Designation: Helical Spring-Lock WashersNominal washer sizes are intended for use wi
43、th com-parable nominal screw or nut sizes. Fasteners conform-ing to this Standard shall be designated by the followingASME B18.21.1-2009Table 1 Dimensions of Regular Helical Spring-Lock WashersTABtotiBWWEnlarged SectionMaximum Minimum Mean Minimum MinimumInside Diameter,Nominal Outside Section Thick
44、ness Section BearingAWasher Diameter, (ti+ to)/2, Width, Width,Size Max. Min. BTNo. 2 (0.086) 0.094 0.088 0.172 0.020 0.035 0.024No. 3 (0.099) 0.107 0.101 0.195 0.025 0.040 0.028No. 4 (0.112) 0.120 0.114 0.209 0.025 0.040 0.028No. 5 (0.125) 0.133 0.127 0.236 0.031 0.047 0.033No. 6 (0.138) 0.148 0.14
45、1 0.250 0.031 0.047 0.033No. 8 (0.164) 0.174 0.167 0.293 0.040 0.055 0.038No. 10 (0.190) 0.200 0.193 0.334 0.047 0.062 0.043No. 12 (0.216) 0.227 0.220 0.377 0.056 0.070 0.04914(0.250) 0.260 0.252 0.487 0.062 0.109 0.076516(0.3125) 0.322 0.314 0.583 0.078 0.125 0.08738(0.375) 0.385 0.377 0.680 0.094
46、0.141 0.099716(0.4375) 0.450 0.440 0.776 0.109 0.156 0.10912(0.500) 0.512 0.502 0.869 0.125 0.171 0.120916(0.5625) 0.574 0.564 0.965 0.141 0.188 0.13258(0.625) 0.641 0.628 1.073 0.156 0.203 0.1421116(0.6875) 0.704 0.691 1.170 0.172 0.219 0.15334(0.750) 0.766 0.753 1.265 0.188 0.234 0.1641316(0.8125)
47、 0.832 0.816 1.363 0.203 0.250 0.17578(0.875) 0.894 0.878 1.459 0.219 0.266 0.1861516(0.9375) 0.958 0.941 1.556 0.234 0.281 0.1971 (1.000) 1.024 1.003 1.656 0.250 0.297 0.2081116(1.0625) 1.087 1.066 1.751 0.266 0.312 0.218118(1.125) 1.153 1.129 1.847 0.281 0.328 0.2301316(1.1875) 1.217 1.192 1.943 0
48、.297 0.344 0.241114(1.250) 1.280 1.254 2.036 0.312 0.359 0.2511516(1.3125) 1.344 1.317 2.133 0.328 0.375 0.262138(1.375) 1.408 1.379 2.219 0.344 0.391 0.2741716(1.4375) 1.472 1.442 2.324 0.359 0.406 0.284112(1.500) 1.534 1.504 2.419 0.375 0.422 0.295158(1.625) 1.663 1.633 2.553 0.389 0.424 0.297134(
49、1.750) 1.789 1.758 2.679 0.389 0.424 0.297178(1.875) 1.914 1.883 2.811 0.422 0.427 0.2992 (2.000) 2.039 2.008 2.936 0.422 0.427 0.299214(2.250) 2.293 2.262 3.221 0.440 0.442 0.309212(2.500) 2.543 2.512 3.471 0.440 0.442 0.309234(2.750) 2.793 2.762 3.824 0.458 0.491 0.3443 (3.000) 3.043 3.012 4.074 0.458 0.491 0.344GENERAL NOTES:(a) For additional requirements, refer to section 2.(b) Dimensions are in inches.3ASME B18.21.1-2009Table 2 Dimensions of Heavy Helical Spring-Lock WashersTABtotiBWWEnlarged SectionMaximum Minimum Mean Minimum MinimumInside Dia
