1、Designation: A135/A135M 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forElectric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A135/A135M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers two grades of electric-resistance-welded steel pipe in NPS 2 to NPS 30 DN 50 to DN750 inclu
3、sive, with nominal (average) wall thickness up to0.500 in. 12.70 mm, inclusive, and in nominal sizes NPS34to NPS 5 DN 20 to DN 125 inclusive with nominal (average)wall thickness 0.083 in. 2.11 mm to 0.134 in. 3.40 mm,depending on size. Pipe having other dimensions (Note 1) maybe furnished provided s
4、uch pipe complies with all otherrequirements of this specification. The pipe is intended forconveying gas, vapor, water or other liquid; only Grade A isadapted for flanging and bending (Note 2). The suitability ofpipe for various purposes is somewhat dependent upon itsdimensions, properties, and con
5、ditions of service, so that thepurpose for which the pipe is intended should be stated in theorder. The pipe may be furnished either nonexpanded or coldexpanded at the option of the manufacturer. When pipe is coldexpanded, the amount of expansion shall not exceed 1.5 % ofthe outside diameter pipe si
6、ze.NOTE 1A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions iscontained in ASME B36.10M.NOTE 2This provision is not intended to prohibit the cold bending ofGrade B pipe.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineac
7、h system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Produ
8、ctsA700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for Shipment (Withdrawn 2014)4A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA865 Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black orZinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded or Seamless,
9、 for Use inSteel Pipe JointsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testin
10、g of Metal Pipe andTubingE273 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone ofWelded Pipe and TubingE309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubu-lar Products Using Magnetic SaturationE570 Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromag-netic Steel Tubular ProductsE1806 Practice for
11、Sampling Steel and Iron for Determina-tion of Chemical Composition2.2 ASME Standard:B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose5B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe5,62.3 Federal Standards:Fed. STD No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)7Fed. STD No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking
12、ofIron and Steel Products72.4 Military Standards:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage81This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Curren
13、t edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A135/A135M 09.DOI: 10.1520/A0135_A0135M-09R14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-135 in Section II of that Code.3For refere
14、nced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onw
15、ww.astm.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.7Avai
16、lable from General Service Administration, Washington, DC 20405.8Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 191115094. Attn.: NOPD.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
17、 States13. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to steel manufacturingand properties, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 For definitions of terms relating to mechanical testing,refer to Terminology E6.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 burr, na rough or sharp edge left o
18、n pipe ends bycutting or sawing.3.3.2 lot, nall pipe of the same size, wall thickness androlled length that is produced from the same heat of steel andsubject to the same heat treatment.3.3.3 black thread, na thread crease exhibiting the originalpipe surface after machining.4. Ordering Information4.
19、1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following, as required, to describe the desiredmaterial adequately:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of product (electric-resistance-welded pipe),4.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,4.1.4 Grad
20、e (see Table 1),4.1.5 Size (nominal size, NPS DN, or outside diameter;and nominal wall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random, see 12.4),4.1.7 End finish (plain or threaded, see 13.2),4.1.7.1 Threaded and coupled, if specified,4.1.7.2 Threads only, if specified,4.1.7.3 Plain end, if specified,4
21、.1.8 Alternative electric test (see Section 11),4.1.9 Tension test specimen (see Section 15),4.1.10 Heat analysis, if required (see 6.1),4.1.11 Certificate of compliance, if required (see Section19), and4.1.12 Special requirements.5. Manufacture5.1 The steel shall be made by either or both of thefol
22、lowing processes: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.5.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi-cation of the resultant transition material is required. Theproducer shall remove the transition material by any estab-lishe
23、d procedure that positively separates the grades.5.3 The pipe shall be manufactured from flat rolled steel inindividual lengths or in continuous length by electric-resistanceor electric-induction welding without the addition of extrane-ous material.5.4 The weld seam of electric-resistance welded pip
24、e toGrade B pipe shall be heat treated after welding to a minimumtemperature of 1000 F 540 C or processed in such a mannerthat no untempered martensite remains.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements prescribedin Table 2, based on the heat analysis. When specified in t
25、heorder, the heat analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or arepresentative of the purchaser.7. Product Analysis7.1 An analysis may be made by the purchaser on samplesof pipe selected at random and shall conform to the require-ments specified in Table 2. Methods and Practices relating tochemica
26、l analysis shall be in accordance with Test Method,Practices, and Terminology A751.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsGrade A Grade BTensile strength, min, ksi MPa 48 330 60 415Yield strength, min, ksi MPa 30 205 35 240Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:For pipe having a specified wall thickness of516 in
27、. 7.9 mm or more, if tested using a longitudinalstrip test specimen.35 30For pipe having a specified wall thickness of less than516 in. 7.9 mm, if tested using a longitudinalstrip test specimen.ABFor pipe of any size, if tested using a full-size longitudinal test specimen. 35 30AThe minimum elongati
28、on shall be determined by the following equation, with the calculated value rounded to the nearest percent:E 5 56t116.5fE 5 2.2t116.5gwhere:E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, minimum, %, andt = specified wall thickness, in. mm.BThe minimum elongation shall be determined by the following equation, wit
29、h the calculated value rounded to the nearest percent:E 5 48t114fE 5 1.9t114gwhere:E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, minimum, %, andt = specified wall thickness, in. mm.A135/A135M 09 (2014)28. Mechanical Properties Requirements8.1 Tensile Properties:8.1.1 The material shall conform to the requiremen
30、ts as totensile properties prescribed in Table 1.8.1.2 The yield strength shall be determined by the offsetmethod utilizing 0.2 % of the gauge length or by the totalextension under load method using 0.5 % of the gauge length.8.1.3 Longitudinal test specimens shall be full-size longitu-dinal test spe
31、cimens (see Figure A2.1 of Test Methods andDefinitions A370) or longitudinal strip test specimens (seeSpecimen No. 4 in Fig. A2.3 of Test Methods and DefinitionsA370).8.2 The test specimen taken across the weld shall show atensile strength not less than the minimum tensile strengthspecified for the
32、grade of pipe ordered. This test will not berequired for pipe under NPS 8 DN 200.9. Flattening Test9.1 A specimen at least 4 in. 100 mm in length shall beflattened cold between parallel plates in three steps with theweld located either 0 or 90 from the line of direction of forceas required in 9.2. D
33、uring the first step, which is a test forductility of the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside oroutside surfaces shall occur before the distance between theplates is less than two thirds of the original outside diameter ofthe pipe. As a second step, the flattening shall be continued.During the s
34、econd step, which is a test for ductility exclusiveof the weld, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outsidesurfaces shall occur before the distance between the plates isless than one third of the original outside diameter of the pipebut is not less than five times the wall thickness of the pipe.Dur
35、ing the third step, which is a test for soundness, theflattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or theopposite walls of the pipe meet. Evidence of laminated orunsound material or of incomplete weld that is revealed duringthe entire flattening test shall be cause for rejection.9.2 For p
36、ipe produced in single lengths, the flattening testspecified in 9.1 shall be made on both crop ends cut from eachlength of pipe. The tests from each end shall be madealternately with the weld at 0 and at 90 from the line ofdirection of force. For pipe produced in multiple lengths, theflattening test
37、 shall be made on crop ends representing the frontand back of each coil with the weld at 90 from the line ofdirection of force, and on two intermediate rings representingeach coil with the weld 0 from the line of direction of force.9.3 Surface imperfections in the test specimen beforeflattening, but
38、 revealed during the first step of the flatteningtest, shall be judged in accordance with the finish requirementsin Section 13.9.4 Superficial cracks as a result of surface imperfectionsshall not be cause for rejection.10. Hydrostatic Test10.1 Except as provided for in 10.3, each length of pipeshall
39、 be hydrostatically tested at the mill, without leakagethrough the wall, to a pressure calculated from the followingequation:P 5 2St/Dwhere:P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure, psi, kPa. The testpressure need not exceed 2500 psi 1700 kPa,S = allowable fiber stress 18 000 psi 124 000 kPa forGrade A
40、 and 21 000 psi 144 000 kPa for Grade B.This does not prohibit testing at higher pressure at themanufacturers option,t = specified wall thickness, in. mm, andD = specified outside diameter, in. mm.Plain end pipe may be tested at the discretion of themanufacturer in single lengths or in multiple leng
41、ths.10.2 The hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for notless than 5 s.10.3 When specified in the order, pipe may be furnishedwithout hydrostatic testing, and each length so furnished shallinclude with the mandatory marking the letters “NH.”NOTE 3This provision is not intended to apply to light
42、wall (Schedule10) pipe listed in Table X1.1.10.4 When certification is required by the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearlystate “Not Hydrostatically Tested.” The specification numberand material grade, as shown on the certification, shall befollowed by
43、 the letters “NH.”11. Nondestructive Examination Requirements11.1 As an alternate to the hydrostatic test, and whenaccepted by the purchaser, each pipe shall be tested with anondestructive electric test. Except for pipe produced on ahot-stretch reducing mill, the weld seam of each length of pipeshal
44、l be tested with a nondestructive test in accordance withPractices E213, E273, E309,orE570. Each length of pipeproduced on a hot-stretch-reducing mill shall be tested with anondestructive electric test that inspects the full volume of thepipe in accordance with Practices E213, E309,orE570.11.2 Recog
45、nized methods for meeting this test are electro-magnetic (eddy current) or ultrasonic.11.3 The following information is for the benefit of the userof this specification:11.3.1 The ultrasonic examination referred to in this speci-fication is intended to detect longitudinal imperfections havinga refle
46、ctive area similar to or larger than the reference notch.The examination may not detect circumferentially orientedimperfections of short, deep imperfections.11.3.2 The eddy-current examination referenced in thisspecification has the capability of detecting significantimperfections, especially of the
47、 short, abrupt type.TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsComposition, max, %Element Grade A Grade BCarbon 0.25 0.30Manganese 0.95 1.20Phosphorus 0.035 0.035Sulfur 0.035 0.035A135/A135M 09 (2014)311.3.3 The hydrostatic test referred to in Section 10 is a testmethod provided for in many product specifications
48、. This testhas the capability of finding imperfections of a size permittingthe test fluid to leak through the tube wall and may be eithervisually seen or detected by a loss of pressure. This test maynot detect very tight, through-the-wall imperfections or imper-fections that extend an appreciable di
49、stance into the wallwithout complete penetration.11.3.4 A purchaser interested in ascertaining the nature(type, size, location, and orientation) of imperfections that canbe detected in the specific application of these examinationsshould discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubularproduct.11.4 In order to accommodate the various types of nonde-structive electric testing equipment and techniques in use, thecalibration pipe shall contain, at the option of the producer, anyone or more of the following d
