1、Designation:A234/A234M10b Designation: A234/A234M 11Used in USDOE-NE StandardsStandard Specification forPiping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel forModerate and High Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following th
2、e designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for
3、use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by thelatest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79, MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings are for use inpres
4、sure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differing from theseASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A960/A960M.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided f
5、or fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. Whendesired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may be specified in the order.1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings aregoverned by Specific
6、ations A216/A216M and A217/A217M.1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or i
7、nch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-confor
8、mance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards apply to thisspecification.2.2 ASTM Standards:3A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Te
9、mperature ServiceA217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable forHigh-Temperature ServiceA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Ste
10、el Piping Fittings2.3 ASME Standards:4B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4Section V Nondestructive ExaminationSection VIII, Division 1, Pressure VesselsSection IX Welding Qualifications2.5 MSS Standards:5
11、MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and UnionsMSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings
12、 and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Dec.April 1, 2010.2011. Published JanuaryApril 2011. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asA234/A234M10ab. DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234
13、M-10b1.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-234 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, re
14、fer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting
15、s Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately
16、depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Intern
17、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.MSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and ThreadedMSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull PlugsMSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet FittingsSocket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding Ends2.6
18、ASNT Standard:6SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification2.7 AWS Specifications7A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc WeldingA5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Subm
19、erged Arc WeldingA5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Gas Shielded Arc WeldingA5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding3. Ordering Information3.1 See Specification A960/A960M.4. General Requirements4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall co
20、nform to the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of SpecificationA960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specification. In case of a conflict between the requireme
21、nts of thisspecification and Specification A960/A960M, this specification shall prevail.5. Materials5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of killed steel, forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or fusion-welded tubularproducts with filler metal added and shall conform to the chemical requ
22、irements of Table 1. Unless otherwise specified for carbonsteel plates and sheet, the steel may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain practice. Grade WP9 shall be made to fine grainpractice.5.2 A starting material specification that specifically requires the addition of any element beyond tho
23、se listed for the materialsin Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or the judicious useof elements for grain size control.6. Manufacture6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by hammering, pressing, piercing, extrudi
24、ng, upsetting, rolling, bending,fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall be so appliedthat it will not produce injurious imperfections in the fittings.NOTE 1Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from hot-forged or rolled, cold-
25、sized, and straightened bar stock having the chemical compositionof the Grade in Table 1 and the mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat treatment shall be in accordance with Section 7. All caps machinedfrom bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle in accordan
26、ce with S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M.6.2 All welds including welds in tubular products from which fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, welding operators,and welding procedures qualified under the provisions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with Section 7 of thi
27、sspecification, and (3) radiographically examined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance with Article 2, ASMESection V with acceptance limits in accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII, Division 1 of the ASME BoilerSAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-
28、B9; and FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-B9. Inaddition, the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumables used to fabricate WP91 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.6.3 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.6.4 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in acc
29、ordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of ASMESection VIII, Division 1.6.5 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming method(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined by oneof the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960
30、M. This examination shall beperformed after final heat treat. Only the side wall area of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circle that coversthe area from the weld bevel of the branch outlet to the center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfaces shall beexamined whe
31、n size permits accessibility. No cracks shall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated in accordance with6Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.7Available from American Welding Soci
32、ety (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A234/A234M 112Section 14 on Surface Quality. After the removal of any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by the original method. Acceptabletees shall be marked with the symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.6.6 St
33、ubends may be produced with the entire lap added by the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy gradeand composition, to the outside of a straight section of pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration joint, satisfiesthe requirements of 6.2 for qualifications
34、 and 7.3.3 for post weld heat treatment.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Heat Treatment ProceduresFittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature below thecritical range under suitable conditions to prevent injurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case more r
35、apidly thanthe cooling rate in still air. Heat treatment temperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat-treated fittings shall be treatedaccording to paragraph 7 in Specification A960/A960M.7.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings :7.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings upon which the final f
36、orming operation is completed at a temperature above1150 F 620 C and below 1800 F 980 C need not be heat treated provided they are cooled in still air.7.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings finished at temperature in excess of 1800 F 980 C shallsubsequently be annealed, normalized, or
37、 normalized and tempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 or smaller need not be heat treated.7.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings over NPS 12, produced by locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any temperaturefor forming, shall be subsequently annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fitt
38、ings such as elbows, tees, header tees,reducers and lap joint stub ends with a carbon content less than 0.26 %, NPS 12 and under, shall not require heat treatment afterforming a locally heated portion of the fitting.7.2.4 Cold-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings, upon which the final forming operation
39、 is completed at a temperature below1150 F 620 C, shall be normalized, or shall be stress relieved at 1100 to 1275 F 595 to 690 C.7.2.5 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by fusion welding and having a nominal wall thickness at the welded joint of34 in. 19 mm or greater shall be post-weld heat trea
40、ted at 1100 to 1250 F 595 to 675 C, or in accordance with 7.2.6.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.NOTE 2Where an ellipsis (.) appears in this table, there is no requirement.Grade andMarkingSymbolAComposition, %Carbon ManganesePhospho-rus, maxS
41、ulfur,maxSilicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper OthersWPBB,C,D,E,F0.30 max 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 max 0.15 max 0.40 max 0.40 max Vanadium 0.08 maxWPCC,D,E,F0.35 max 0.291.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 max 0.15 max 0.40 max 0.40 max Vanadium 0.08 maxWP1 0.28 max 0.300.90 0.045 0.045 0.1
42、00.50 . . . 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL1, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 max 0.801.25 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP12 CL2 .WP11 CL1 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP11 CL2, 0.050.20 0.300.80 0.040 0.040 0.501.00 1.001.50 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .W
43、P11 CL3 .WP22 CL1, 0.050.15 0.300.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max 1.902.60 0.871.13 . . . . . . . . .WP22 CL3 .WP5 CL1, 0.15 max 0.300.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 max 4.06.0 0.440.65 . . . . . . . . .WP5 CL3 .WP9 CL1,WP9 CL30.15 max 0.300.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 max 8.010.0 0.901.10 . . . . . . . . .WPR 0.20 max 0.401.
44、06 0.045 0.050 . . . . . . . . . 1.602.24 0.751.25 . . .WP91 0.080.12 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.200.50 8.09.5 0.851.05 0.40 max . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.060.10Nitrogen 0.030.07Aluminum 0.02 maxGTitanium 0.01 maxGZirconium 0.01 maxGWP911 0.090.13 0.300.60 0.020 0.010 0.100.50 8.59.5 0.901.10 0
45、.40 max . . . Vanadium 0.180.25Columbium 0.0600.10Nitrogen 0.040.09Aluminum 0.02 maxGBoron 0.00030.006Tungsten 0.901.10Titanium 0.01 maxGZirconium 0.01 maxGAWhen fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.BFittings made from bar
46、or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.CFittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.DFor each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to amaximum of 1.35 %.EThe
47、sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.FThe sum of Chromium and Molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.GApplies both to heat and product analyses.A234/A234M 1137.2.6 At the option of the manufacturer, WPB and WPC fittings produced by any of the methods in Section 6 may b
48、e annealed,normalized, or normalized and tempered.7.3 Fittings Other than WPB, WPC, and WPR:7.3.1 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2, WP22 Class 1, WP22Class 3, WP5, and WP9 shall be furnished in the full-annealed, isothermal-annealed, or nor
49、malized and tempered condition. Ifnormalized and tempered, the tempering temperature for WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, and WP12Class 2 shall not be less than 1150 F 620 C; for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22 Class 1, and WP22 Class 3 the tempering temperatureshall not be less than 1250 F 675 C.7.3.2 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP12 Class 1, or WP12 Class 2 either hot formed or cold formed may be given a final heattreatment at 1200 F 650 C instead of the heat treatmen
