1、Designation: A 413/A 413M 01Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 413/A 413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for suchapplications a
3、s railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, loadbinding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.NOTE 1This specification does not cover carbon steel chain forsprocket applications.1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:1.2.1 Grade 30Proof coil chain.1.2.2 Grade 43High test
4、 chain.1.2.3 Grade 70Transport chain.1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or inother units shall be regarded separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system must be used independently of the other, withoutcombining values
5、 in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirementsfor2E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron and Wrought Iron3E 44 Definitions of Terms Relating to H
6、eat Treatment ofMetals4E 350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron andWrought Iron5E 415 Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectro-metric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to
7、 This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimumthe minimum force inpounds or newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension. This test is a manufacturersattribute acceptance test and shall not be used as c
8、riteria forservice.3.1.2 lotfor the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shallconsist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of the samegrade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds3000 ft 1000 m, it shall also be considered a lot.3.1.3 proof testa quality control tensile test appli
9、ed tochain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality. Itis the minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chainhas withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test inwhich a constantly increasing force has been applied in directtension to a straight length of chain. Proof test
10、 loads are amanufacturing integrity test and shall not be used as criteria forservice or design purposes.3.1.4 working load limit (WLL)the maximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4. Ordering Informa
11、tion4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A 413 or A 413Mand date of issue,4.1.2 Gra
12、de of chain,4.1.3 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.6 Finish, if required,4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.5. Material Requirements5.1 Heat AnalysisTh
13、e selection of the steel is left to thejudgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided thesteel meets the following criteria:Carbon, max, % 0.3701This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
14、 SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originallypublished as A 41357T. Last previous edition A 413/A 413M00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.3Discontinued. See 1995 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.4Discontinued. See 199
15、3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
16、 States.Phosphorus, max, % 0.048Sulfur, max, % 0.0585.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A 29/A 29M. Test samples may be taken from rods,bars, or finished
17、chain. Samples for analysis shall be so takenas to represent the full cross section of the specimen.5.3 Test Methods E 30, E 350, or E 415 shall be used forreferee purposes.6. Manufacture6.1 Welding ProcessCarbon steel chain may be made bythe forge welding, electric welding, or gas welding process.6
18、.2 Heat TreatmentGrades 30 and 43 do not require heattreatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturersdiscretion. Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated. Heattreatment shall include quenching and tempering as describedin Definitions E 44.7. Dimensional Requirements7.1 The chain shall c
19、onform to the dimensional require-ments specified in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and sizechain.7.2 DiameterThe diameter of the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialdiameter listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance:7 %. Oversized mater
20、ial may be used for all applications.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The chain at the time of shipment shall be free ofdiscontinuities that would prevent the chain from enduring theworking load limit forces.8.2 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment orcoating of their own choice fo
21、r identification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate grade and sizechain. When so tested it shall withstand these loads withoutloss of c
22、hain integrity. Links or chain segments that do notwithstand the proof test load shall be removed from the chain.9.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 4. All chain that is heat treated shall be in theq
23、uenched and tempered condition before the breaking force ismeasured.9.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being tested. Li
24、nks engagedin the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.9.2.2 Test specimens shall meet or exceed the minimumbreaking force valu
25、es given in Tables 1-3 for the appropriategrade and size chain.9.3 Elongation:9.3.1 All chain which is heat treated (see 6.2) must be in thequenched and tempered condition before the elongation ismeasured.9.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least th
26、e number of links in Table 4.9.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied for determining the original gage length(L0).9.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength (DL) divided by the ori
27、ginal gage length (L0). Theelongation may be determined by the equation below or byautographic recorder or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $DL/L$0% % 3 100where:DL = test specimen final length at fracture test speci-men original gage length (L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths of
28、the test chain links, not counting the fixture links, oras determined in 9.3.3).9.3.5 The elongation shall be a minimum of 15 %.9.4 One test for breaking strength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test spec
29、imen.TABLE 1 Grade 30 Proof Coil ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm18 4.0 0.156 4.0 400 180 800 3.6 1600 7.2 0.94 23.9 0.25 6.4316 5.5 0.217 5.5 800 365 1600 7
30、.2 3200 14.4 0.98 24.8 0.30 7.714 7.0 0.276 7.0 1300 580 2600 11.6 5200 23.2 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.0 0.331 8.4 1900 860 3800 16.9 7600 33.8 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.394 10.0 2650 1200 5300 23.6 10 600 47.2 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.488 11.9 3700 1680 7400 32.9 14 800 65.8 1.64 41.6 0.65 16
31、.612 13.0 0.512 13.0 4500 2030 9000 40.0 18 000 80.0 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 6900 3130 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 10 600 4800 21 200 94.3 42 400 188.6 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.078 22.0 0.866 22.0 12 800 5810 25 600 114.1 51 200 228.2 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.51 26
32、.0 1.02 26.0 17 900 8140 35 800 159.1 71 600 318.2 3.58 90.9 1.25 31.7AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).A 413/A 413M 01210. Retests10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to therequirements in 9.2
33、.2, two additional test specimens from thesame lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to therequirements of 9.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials that fail to comply to the requirements as todimension
34、s and mechanical tests may be resubmitted afterbeing reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.2 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers ins
35、pectorall reasonable facilities necessary to verify that the material isbeing furnished in accordance with this specification. Inspec-tion by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with themanufacturers operations. All tests and inspection shall bemade at the place of manufacture, unless ot
36、herwise agreedupon.12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern accep-tance or rejection of the material at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unless otherwisestated in the purchase order or contract. Te
37、sts at the purchaserslaboratory or elsewhere shall be made at the expense of thepurchaser.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case o
38、fdissatisfaction with the results of any test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of any testin 12.3, the manufacture may make claim for a rehearing.14. Certification and Reports14.1 A manufacturers certification that the chain
39、 conformsto Specification A 413 or A 413M of the date of issue specifiedshall be furnished when requested on the purchase order orcontract.14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Produc
40、t Marking15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked with indentedcharacters.15.2 The516 in. 8.7 mm and38 in. 10 mm Grade 43 and70 chain shall be embossed at intervals no greater than 1 ft 0.3m. All other Grade 43 and 70 chains shall be embossed atintervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.15.3 Grade 30 cha
41、in, sized516 in. (8.4 mm) and larger, shallbe marked at least with 3, 30, or 300.15.4 Grade 43 chain shall be marked at least with 4, 43, or430.TABLE 2 Grade 43 High Test ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside Width,mi
42、nin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm14 7.0 0.276 7.0 2600 1180 3900 17.3 7800 34.6 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.7 0.343 8.7 3900 1770 5850 26.0 11 700 52.0 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.406 10.3 5400 2450 8100 36.0 16 200 72.0 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.468 11.9 7200 3270 10 800 48.0 21 600 9
43、6.0 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.531 13.5 9200 4170 13 800 61.3 27 600 122.6 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 13 000 5910 19 500 86.5 39 000 173.0 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 20 200 9180 30 300 134.7 60 600 269.4 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.078 22.0 0.866 22.0 24 500 11 140 36 750 163.3 73 500
44、326.6 3.03 77.0 1.08 27.5AThe proof test and minimum breaking force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).TABLE 3 Grade 70 Transport ChainNominal ChainSizeMaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit, maxProof Test,AminMinimum BreakingForceAInside Length,maxInside W
45、idth,minin. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm14 7.0 0.281 7.0 3150 1430 6300 28.0 12 600 56.0 1.24 31.5 0.38 9.8516 8.7 0.343 8.7 4700 2130 9400 41.8 18 800 83.6 1.29 32.8 0.44 11.238 10.0 0.406 10.3 6600 2990 13 200 58.7 26 400 117.4 1.38 35.0 0.55 14.0716 11.9 0.468 11.9 8750 3970 17 500 7
46、7.7 35 000 155.4 1.64 41.6 0.65 16.612 13.0 0.531 13.5 11 300 5130 22 600 100.4 45 200 200.8 1.79 45.5 0.72 18.258 16.0 0.630 16.0 15 800 7170 31 600 140.4 63 200 280.8 2.20 56.0 0.79 20.034 20.0 0.787 20.0 24 700 11 200 49 400 219.6 98 800 439.2 2.76 70.0 0.98 25.0AThe proof test and minimum breaki
47、ng force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes (see Section 4).TABLE 4 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSize of Chain Minimum Number of Links inTest Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9Larger than732 in. 5.5 mm but less than34 in.20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A 413/A 4
48、13M 01315.5 Grade 70 chain shall be marked at least with 7, 70, or700.16. Keywords16.1 chain; steel chainSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since A 413/A 413M00 thatmay impact the use of this standard.(1) Revised Paragraphs 3.1.1, 9.2, 9.
49、3, and 9.4.(2) Deleted Figs. 1 and 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
