1、Designation: A490 10a1American Association StateHighway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: M 253Standard Specification forStructural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi MinimumTensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A490; the number immediately followi
2、ng the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved
3、 for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTENote 1 and sections 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.3, and 17.2 were editorially corrected in February 2011.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of quenched andtempered, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolts having atensile strength of 150 to 173
4、ksi.1.2 These bolts are intended for use in structural connec-tions. These connections are covered under the requirements ofthe Specification for Structural Joints Using SpecificationA325or A490 bolts, approved by the Research Council on StructuralConnections; endorsed by the American Institute of S
5、teelConstruction and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.21.3 The bolts are furnished in sizes12 to 112 in., inclusive.They are designated by type denoting chemical composition asfollows:Type DescriptionType 1 Medium carbon alloy steelType 2 Withdrawn in 2002Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 This specific
6、ation provides that heavy hex structuralbolts shall be furnished unless other dimensional requirementsare specified on the purchase order.1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.6 For metric bolts, see Specification A490M Classes 10.9a
7、nd 10.9.31.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to theTest Methods portion, Section 12 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address al
8、l of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A194/A194M Specificati
9、on for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fastene
10、rsA490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE384 Test Me
11、thod for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct
12、 Tension Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF1136 Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protec-tive
13、Coatings for FastenersF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance Inspection1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Cu
14、rrent edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A490 10. DOI:10.1520/A0490-10A.2Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.3
15、For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
16、dard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and StudsG101 G
17、uide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:4B1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural ApplicationsB18.24 Part Identification Number (PIN) Code SystemStandard for B18 Fastener Products2.3 IFI Standard:5IFI 144 Test Evaluation
18、Procedures for Coating Qualifica-tion Intended for Use on High-Strength Bolts3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-fication shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories );3.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter,
19、 thread pitch,and bolt length. The thread length shall not be changed;3.1.3 Name of product: heavy hex structural bolts, or othersuch bolts as specified;3.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the suppliersoption;3.1.5 ASTM designati
20、on and year of issue,3.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-type direct tension indicators, if required;3.1.7 Test Reports, if required (see Section 15); and3.1.8 Protective coating per Specification F1136, Grade 3, ifrequired. See 4.3.3.1.9 Special requirements.3.1.10 For establis
21、hment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.NOTE 1A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 18 in.dia 3 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A490 02; eachwith two hardened washers, ASTM F436 Type 1; and one heavy hex nut,ASTM A563 Grade DH.3.2 Recommended Nuts:3.2.1 Nu
22、ts conforming to the requirements of SpecificationA563 are the recommended nuts for use with SpecificationA490 heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the classand have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish1, plain (uncoated) A563DH, DH3
23、 plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith Specification F1136, Grade 3A563coated in accordance withSpecification F1136, Grade 5.3, weathering steel A563DH3, weathering steel3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A194/A194M Gr. 2H plain (uncoated) are considered a suitablesubstitute
24、 for use with Specification A490 Type 1 heavy hexstructural bolts.3.3 Recommended WashersWashers conforming to Speci-fication F436 are the recommended washers for use withSpecification A490 heavy hex structural bolts. The washersshall have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows:Bolt Type
25、and Finish Washer Finish1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)1, coated in accordancewith F1136, Grade 3plain, coated in accordancewith F1136, Grade 33, weathering steel weathering steel3.4 Other AccessoriesWhen compressible washer typedirect tension indicators are specified to be used with thesebolts
26、, they shall conform to Specification F959 Type 490.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat TreatmentType 1 and Type 3 bolts shall be heattreated by quenching in oil from the austenitic temperature andthen tempered by reheating to a temperature of not less than800F.4.2 ThreadingThe threads shall be cut
27、 or rolled.4.3 Protective Coatings:4.3.1 When a protective coating is required and specified,the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum CorrosionProtective Coatings in accordance with Specification F1136,Grade 3. This coating has been qualified based on the findingsof an investigation founded on I
28、FI 144.64.3.2 No other metallic coatings are permitted unless autho-rized by Committee F16. Future consideration of any coatingwill be based on results of testing performed in accordancewith the procedures in IFI 144, and submitted to CommitteeF16 for review (See note 2).NOTE 2For more detail see th
29、e H. E. Townsend Report “Effects ofZinc Coatings on Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlementof LowAlloy Steel,” published in Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 6,April1975.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to thechemical composition specified in Table
30、1. The steel shall4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Industrial Fastener Institute, (IFI), 6363 Oak Tree Boulevard,Independence, OH 44131. http:/www.industrial-f
31、asteners.org.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F16-1001.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % ProductAnalysis, %CarbonFor sizes through 138 in. 0.300.48 0.280.50For size 112 in. 0.3
32、50.53 0.330.55Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying Elements See 5.1 A490 10a12contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloysteel (see Note 3).NOTE 3Steel is considered to be alloy by the American Iron and SteelInstitute when the maximum of the range given for t
33、he content of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definiteminimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified orrequired within the limits of the recognized field of construction
34、al alloysteels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde-num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any otheralloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.5.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to thechemical composition requirements in T
35、able 2. See GuideG101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosionresistance of low alloy steel.5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.5.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, se
36、lenium, tellurium, orlead has been intentionally added shall not be used for boltsfurnished to this specification. Compliance with this require-ment shall be based on certification that steels having theseelements intentionally added were not used.5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordan
37、cewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 HardnessThe bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.6.2 Tensile Properties:6.2.1 Except as permitted in 6.2.1.1 for long bolts and6.2.1.2 for short bolts, sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having anominal lengt
38、h of 214 D and longer and sizes larger than 1.00in. having a nominal length of 3D and longer shall be wedgetested full size and shall conform to the minimum andmaximum wedge tensile load, and proof load or alternativeproof load specified in Table 4. The load achieved during proofload testing shall b
39、e equal to or greater than the specified proofload.6.2.1.1 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 5. When boltsare tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,the full-size
40、test shall take precedence.6.2.1.2 Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a nominal lengthshorter than 214 D down to 2D, inclusive, that cannot be wedgetensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size and shallconform to the minimum tensile load and proof load oralternate proof load specified in
41、Table 4. Sizes 1.00 in. andsmaller having a nominal length shorter than 2D and sizeslarger than 1.00 in. with nominal lengths shorter than 3D thatcannot be axially tensile tested shall be qualified on the basis ofhardness.6.2.2 For bolts on which hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance b
42、ased on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.7. Carburization/Decarburization7.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence or absenceof carburization and decarburization as determined by thedifference in microhardness near the surface and core.7.2 Requ
43、irements:7.2.1 CarburizationThe bolts shall show no evidence of acarburized surface when evaluated in accordance with 12.2.7.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization inTest Method F2328 materials when evaluated in accordancewith 12.
44、2.8. Dimensions8.1 Head and Body:8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolts shall conform to thedimensions for heavy hex structural bolts specified in ASMEB18.2.6.8.1.2 The thread length shall not be changed from thatspecified in ASME B18.2.6 for heavy hex structural bolts.Bolts requiring thread length
45、s other than those required by thisspecification shall be ordered under Specification A354 Gr.BD.8.2 ThreadsThreads shall be the Unified Coarse ThreadSeries as specified in ASME B1.1 and shall have Class 2Atolerances.9. Workmanship9.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of thesurface di
46、scontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, headbursts, shear bursts, seams, folds, thread laps, voids, toolmarks, nicks, and gouges shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation F788/F788M.10. Magnetic Particle Inspection for LongitudinalDiscontinuities and Transverse Cracks10.1 Requirements:10.1.1
47、Each sample representative of the lot shall be mag-netic particle inspected for longitudinal discontinuities andtransverse cracks.10.1.2 The lot, as represented by the sample, shall be freefrom nonconforming bolts, as defined in Specification F788/F788M, when inspected in accordance with 10.2.1-10.2
48、.3.10.2 Inspection Procedure:10.2.1 The inspection sample shall be selected at randomfrom each lot in accordance with Practice F1470 and examinedfor longitudinal discontinuities and transverse cracks.10.2.2 Magnetic particle inspection shall be conducted inaccordance with Guide E709 or Practice E144
49、4. Guide E709TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 BoltsElement Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes 0.75 in. and smaller 0.200.53 0.190.55Sizes larger than 0.75 in. 0.300.53 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.40 0.37Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Copper 0.200.60 0.170.63Chromium, min 0.45 0.42Nickel, minor0.20 0.17Molybdenum, min 0.15 0.14A490 10a13shall be used for referee purposes. If any nonconforming boltis found during the manufacturers examination of the lotselected in 10.2.1, the lot shall be 100 % magne
