1、Designation: A494/A494M 091Standard Specification forCastings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTETable 1 was editorially corrected in February 2010.1. Scope*1.1
3、This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, andnickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-resistant service.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values s
4、tated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof
5、Steel ProductsA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-fications of Procedures and PersonnelA732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, andCobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated TemperaturesA781/A781M Specification for Cas
6、tings, Steel and Alloy,Common Requirements, for General Industrial UseE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, CastIron, Open-Hearth Iron
7、, and Wrought Iron3E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys3 3E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-CopperAlloys4E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys3.
8、 Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of refined alloy,which may either be poured directly into castings or into remeltalloy for individual melts.3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings.When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysisshall b
9、e reported.4. General Conditions for Delivery4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A781/A781M, including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder. Failure to comply with the general requirements ofSpecification A78
10、1/A781M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between the requirementsof this specification and Specification A781/A781M, thisspecification shall prevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should includethe following information:5.1.
11、1 Quantity, in pieces, and5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-mation required to describe adequately the desired material:5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11)5.2.3 Source inspec
12、tion requirements, if any (see Specifica-tion A781/A781M),5.2.4 Marking-for-identification requirements, if any (see13.1), and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Cast
13、ings.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A494/A494M 08.DOI: 10.1520/A0494_A0494M-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
14、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm
15、.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTEValues are maximum unless otherwise indicated.AlloyFamilyNi Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr Oth
16、erGrade CZ100 M25S M30CAM30H M35-1AM35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5MCuC CW2M CW6M CW6MC CW12MW CX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5SnBiMUNSNumbersN02100 N24025 N24130 N24030 N24135 N24020 J30003 J30007 N30012 N08826 N26455 N30107 N26625 N30002 N26059 N26022 N06040 N26055Composition, %C 1.00 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.03 0.07
17、 0.12 0.050 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.05Mn 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.5Si 2.00 3.5-4.5 1.0-2.0 2.7-3.7 1.25 2.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.0 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.80 3.00 0.5P 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.03
18、 0.040 0.015 0.040 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03S 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.03 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03Cu 1.25 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.026.0-33.0 . . . . . . . . . 1.50-3.50BBBBBBB.Mo . . . . . . 30.0-33.030.0-33.026.0-30.0 2.5-3.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20
19、.08.0-10.0 16.0-18.015.0-16.5 12.5-14.5B2.0-3.5Fe 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 4.0-6.0 balance 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5-7.5 1.50 2.0-6.0 11.0 2.0Ni 95.00minbalance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance 38.0-44.0 balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balanceCr .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.00 19.5-23.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-20.020.0-23.0 15.5-17.522.0-24.0 20.0-22.514.0-17.0 11.0-14.0Cb (Nb) . . .B1.0-3.0B0.5 0.5 . . . . . . . . . 0.60-1.20BB3.15-4.50BBBB.W . . . . . . . . .B1.0BB3.75-5.25B2.5-3.5B.V . . . . . .BB0.20-0.60BBBB0.20-0.40B0.35B.Bi . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0Sn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0AOrder M35-1 or M30C when weldability is required.BElement to be analyzed and reported for information only.Editorially corrected.A494/A494M09125.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including thestandards of accept
22、ance.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with therequirements in Table 2.NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary toenhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanicalproperties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; howe
23、ver, it issometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for someminimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in orderto enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shallbe supplied in the as-c
24、ast condition. When Class 2 is specified,grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution-treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade M25S shallbe supplied in the age-hardened condition.7. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescr
25、ibed in Table 1.7.2 The grades that pertain to this specification are placedinto the five general categories given below. The producer shallreport for information all elements in Table 1 for which a limitis given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloyfamilies are:(1) Nickel CZ100(2) Nicke
26、l-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M(4) Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW2M, CW6MC,CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M(5) Other CY5SnBiM7.3 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by themanufacturer to determine the percentages of the elementsspecified in Table 1. The ana
27、lysis shall be made from arepresentative sample taken during the pouring of the masterheat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaseror his representative.7.4 Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 shall be usedfor referee purposes. Test Methods E30 or Methods E38 shallbe used if Test M
28、ethods E76 or Test Methods E354 do notinclude a method for some element present in the material.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heatexcept for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heatis used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be madefrom each m
29、elt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Testresults shall conform to the tensile requirements specified inTable 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from thesame heat as the castings represented.8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall beheat treated in production furnaces
30、to the same procedure as thecastings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, thebar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated.8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc-ers option, instead of from test bars.8.4 When castings are produced by methods other thanin
31、vestment process, tension test coupons shall be machined tothe form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested inaccordance with, Test Methods E8.8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro-cess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A732/A732M shall be used for measurement of
32、 tensile properties.8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or developsflaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from thesame heats.8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require-ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be roundedin accordance with Practice E29 t
33、o the nearest 500 psi 3.5TABLE 2 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiMAs castM25S, Class 2ALoad into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat to 1600F 870C and holdfor 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each12 in. 13 mm of cross sect
34、ion over 1in.BCool to 1300F 705CCand hold at temperature for 30 min then quench inoil to room temperature.M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600F 315C maximum. Heat slowly to 1100F 605C andhold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000F 1095C m
35、inimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150F 1175C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900F 1040C
36、 minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.CX2MW Heat to 2200F 1205C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.CU5MCuC Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for s
37、ufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815F 940-990C, hold forsufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid cool byother means.CX2M Heat to 2100F 1150C minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings totemperature, quench in
38、water or rapid air cool by other means.AM25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to thehardness specified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.BFor cross sections over 6 in. 125 mm, i
39、t may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.CFor maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at 1600F 870C to a second oven at 1300F 705C.A494/A494M 0913MPa for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest
40、1 % forelongation and reduction of area.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion-resistant shot or by other approved methods.1
41、0. Quality10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-nated to stop leaks.10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu-facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affectedcast material must be completely removed.11. Repair by Welding11.1 Repairs shall be made by
42、 using a welding procedureand operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo-sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of thecastings.11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of acasting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth ofthe cavity after prep
43、aration for repair exceeds 20 % of theactual wall thickness, or 1 in. 25 mm, whichever is smaller,or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10in.265 cm2. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.Major and minor weld repairs shall be subject to the samequality standards as are us
44、ed to inspect the castings.11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not beweld repaired.11.4 Grades N12MV, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC mayrequire post-weld heat treatment after major weld repairs. Ifpost-weld heat treatment is required, it must be specified alon
45、gwith the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordancewith Section 6.11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo3 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall b
46、e pre-served for two weeks from the date of transmission of therejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of thetests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing withinthat time.13. Product Marking13.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identificationwith the ASTM spec
47、ification designation (A494/A494M) andgrade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturers name oridentification mark and the pattern number shall be cast orstamped on all castings except those of such small size as tomake such marking impractical. To minimize small defectscaused by dislodged particles of
48、 molding sand, the number ofcast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking ofheat numbers on individual castings shall be agreed upon bythe manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in suchposition as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.13.1.1 When the castings are too sma
49、ll to mark individually,a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castingsand the required identification then placed on a tag affixed tothe container in which these castings are shipped.14. Keywords14.1 corrosion-resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloycastings; nickel alloys; nickel castingsTABLE 3 Mechanical PropertiesAlloyFamilyNi Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr OtherCZ100 M25S M30C M30H M35-1 M35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5-MCuCCW2M CW6M CW6MC CW-12MWCX2M CX2MW CY40
