1、Designation: A 866 01Standard Specification forMedium Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers medium carbon bearing qual-ity steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.1.2 Supplementary req
3、uirements of an optional nature areprovided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished,
4、General Requirementsfor2A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel Products3E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteel4E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size4E 381 Test Method for Macrotech Testing, Inspection andRating Steel Products
5、, Comprising Bars, Billets, Blooms,and Forgings4E 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen in Steel and in Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys5E 1077 Test Method for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-ization of Steel Specimens42.2 ISO Standard:ISO 683 Part 17: B
6、all and Roller Bearing Steels3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information:3.1.1 Quantity (weight or pieces),3.1.2 Grade identification,3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.4 Dimensions, and3.1.5 Supplementary requirements, if
7、 included.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Process:4.1.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable ofproviding a high quality product meeting the requirements ofthis specification.5. Chemical Composition and Analysis5.1 Typical examples of chemical composition are shown inTable 1. Other co
8、mpositions may be specified.5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by thesteel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices,and Terminology A 751. The chemical composition thus deter-mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1for the ordered grade or to other
9、 requirements agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser inaccordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA 751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be inaccordance with Specification A 29/A 29M.6. Sizes, Shapes, and
10、Dimensional Tolerances6.1 The physical size and shape of the material shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled andannealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finishedbars 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) and larger in diamete
11、r furnished underthis specification shall conform to the requirements specified inthe latest edition of Specification A 29/A 29M.6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for balland roller material shall be as shown in Table 2.6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straightlengths
12、 under 0.500 in. in diameter.7. Quality Tests7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality ofthe material furnished and shall make the necessary tests toensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report onthe results of the macroetch and micro-inclusion rating tests1This spe
13、cification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.28 on Bearing Steels.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originallypublished as A 86687. Last previous edition A 86
14、694.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.detailed belo
15、w. Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.4 arebased upon procedures established in Practice E 45.7.2 SamplingSamples taken in accordance with the fol-lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4 in. (102 by102 mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be madeon smaller or larger sections by
16、 agreement with the purchaser.A minimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sectionsis required for strand cast products.7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the top and bottom of the first, middle, and lastusable ingots shall be examined.7.2.2 For bottom pour
17、ed products, a minimum of sixsamples shall be examined and they shall represent the top andbottom of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at randomfrom the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, fromthe usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat, andone ingot, at random, from
18、the last usable plate poured. Whentwo usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingotsshall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where asingle usable plate constitutes a heat, any three random ingotsmay be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreedupon by manufacture
19、r and purchaser.7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samplesrepresenting the first, middle, and last portion of the heat castshall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken fromeach strand.7.3 MacroetchSpecimens representative of cross sectionsof billets shall be macroetched and ra
20、ted in accordance withTest Method E 381 in hydrochloric acid and water (1:1) at atemperature of 160 to 180F (71 to 82C). Such specimensshall not exceed S2, R2, and C2 of Test Method E 381.7.4 Inclusion RatingThe specimens shall be38 by34 in.(9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken from an area halfwaybet
21、ween the center and outside of the billet. The polished faceshall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale usedfor rating the specimens shall be the Jernkontoret chartdescribed in Practice E 45, Plate I-r. Fields with sizes ornumbers of all types of inclusions intermediate betweenconfi
22、gurations shown on the chart shall be classified as thelesser of the rating number. The worst field of each inclusiontype from each specimen shall be recorded as the rating for thespecimen. Two thirds of all specimens and at least one fromeach ingot tested, or from the first, middle, and last portio
23、n ofthe strands tested, as well as the average of all specimens, shallnot exceed the rating specified in Table 3.8. Grain Size8.1 The grain size shall be from 5 to 8 as defined in TestMethods E 112 (see Plate 4, Austenitic Grain Size in Steels),with occasional grains as large as No. 3 permissible. M
24、aterialnot meeting this requirement may be normalized at 1700F(925C) or above, and retested.9. Decarburization and Surface Imperfections9.1 Decarburization and surface imperfections shall notexceed the limits specified in Tables 4 and 5. Decarburizationshall be measured using the microscopical metho
25、ds describedin Test Method E 1077.10. Microstructure and Hardness10.1 Material may be ordered as hot rolled or thermallytreated. When thermally treated, the acceptance criteria formicrostructure and hardness shall be agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser. No hardness limits shall app
26、lyfor as-hot-rolled materials.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA,BNumberCName C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Mo V Cu (max) O (max)DAl (max). . . 1030 0.28 to 0.34 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1040 0.37 to 0.44 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . .
27、 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1050 0.48 to 0.55 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1541 0.36 to 0.44 1.35 to 1.65 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 1552 0.47 to 0.55 1.20 to 1.50 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.
28、30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4130 0.28 to 0.33 0.40 to 0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4140 0.38 to 0.43 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 4150 0.48 to 0.53 0.75 to 1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0
29、.80 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.25 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5140 0.38 to 0.43 0.70 to 0.95 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 5150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.70 to 0.90 . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050. . . 6150 0.48 to 0.53 0.70 to 0.90 0.025 0
30、.025 0.15 to 0.35 0.80 to 1.10 . . . 0.15 min 0.30 0.0020 0.050B40 C56E2 0.52 to 0.60 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B41 56Mn4 0.52 to 0.60 0.90 to 1.20 0.025 0.015 0.40 max . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050B43 43CrMo4 0.40 to 0.46 0.60 to 0.90 0.025 0.015 0.4
31、0 max 0.90 to 1.20 0.15 to 0.30 . . . 0.30 0.0020 0.050AElements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.BIntentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approv
32、ed by the purchaser.CSteels B40, B41, and B43 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.DOxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E 1019.TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished CoilsSize, in. (mm) Total Toler
33、ance, in. (mm)Through 0.096 (2.44) 0.002 (0.05)Over 0.096 (2.44) to 0.270 (6.86), incl 0.003 (0.08)Over 0.270 (6.86) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.004 (0.10)TABLE 3 Inclusion RatingRating UnitsThin Series Heavy SeriesA 2.5 A 1.5B 2.0 B 1.0C 0.5 C 0.5D 1.0 D 1.0A86601211. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer sh
34、all afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that thematerial is being produced and furnished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall notinterfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. Alltests and inspections s
35、hall be made at the place of manufacture,unless otherwise agreed to.12. Certification and Reports12.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a report of th
36、e test results, shall be furnished at the timeof shipment. Special requirements agreed to at the time ofpurchase must be noted on the certification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the supplementary requirements described below apply when included in thepurchasers order or contract. When so
37、included, a supplementary requirement shall have the sameforce as if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirements details not fullydescribed shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of therequirements in the body of the specificati
38、on.S1. Titanium ContentS1.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of titaniumbe provided by agreement with the steel manufacturer.S2. Residual ElementsS2.1 The purchaser may specify that the analysis of tita-nium, aluminum, and/or oxygen (Test Methods E 1019) beprovided by agreement with the s
39、teel manufacturer. Thenumber and location of samples shall be by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer.S3. “SAM Inclusion Rating SystemS3.1 The purchaser may specify that the “SAM inclusionrating described in Method E of Practice E 45, be used inaddition to the micro-inclusion rating m
40、ethod described in 7.4.S3.2 SamplingSee 7.2.S3.3 LimitsThe “SAM rating for B-type inclusions shallnot exceed fifteen. The “SAM rating for D-type inclusionsshall not exceed ten.S4. Magnetic Particle MethodS4.1 The purchaser may specify that the magnetic particlemethod described below be used in addit
41、ion to the microinclu-sion rating system described in 6.4. The magnetic particlemethod measures bearing steel cleanliness by evaluating thetotal length of macro-inclusions for a stated area or per unitarea. Results are commonly expressed in mm/m2.S4.2 SamplingSee 6.2.S4.3 Test specimens shall be str
42、aight cylinder quarter sec-tion samples prepared and examined in accordance with themagnetic particle method of Practice E 45.S4.4 For purposes of calculation, an inclusion length shallbe taken as the mean length of the length bracket into which itfalls; that is, an inclusion in the116 to18 in. brac
43、ket shall betaken as being332 in. in length. The sum of all lengths for eachspecimen shall be determined and expressed as total length perarea inspected. The average total length per area inspected ofall six specimens shall not exceed 200 mm/m2(or equivalent).TABLE 4 Decarburization and Surface Impe
44、rfections for Coils and Bars for Balls and RollersSize, in. (mm)Decarburization or Surface Imperfectionsper Side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled orHot-Rolled AnnealedCold-FinishedAnnealedThrough 0.250 (6.35) 0.005 (0.13) 0.003 (0.08)Over 0.250 (6.35) to 0.500 (12.7), incl 0.006 (0.15) 0.004 (0.10)Over 0.50
45、0 (12.7) to 0.750 (19.1), incl 0.008 (0.20) 0.006 (0.15)Over 0.750 (19.1) to 1.000 (25.4), incl 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20)TABLE 5 Decarburization and Surface Imperfections for Bars and TubesSize, in. (mm) Decarburization or Surface Imperfections per Side, max, in. (mm)Hot-Rolled Bars Hot-Rolled Annea
46、led Cold-Finished AnnealedBars Tubes Bars TubesThrough 1.000 (25.4) 0.012 (0.31) 0.015 (0.38) 0.012 (0.31) 0.012 (0.31) 0.010 (0.21)Over 1.000 (25.4) to 2.000 (50.8), incl 0.017 (0.43) 0.022 (0.56) 0.020 (0.51) 0.015 (0.38) 0.014 (0.36)Over 2.000 (50.8) to 3.000 (76.2), incl 0.025 (0.64) 0.030 (0.76
47、) 0.030 (0.76) 0.025 (0.64) 0.019 (0.48)Over 3.000 (76.2) to 4.000 (101.6), incl 0.035 (0.89) 0.045 (1.14) 0.035 (0.89) 0.024 (0.61)Over 4.000 (101.6) to 5.000 (127.0), incl 0.055 (1.40) 0.065 (1.65) 0.040 (1.02) 0.028 (0.71)A866013S5. Sulfur Requirement for MachinabilityS5.1 The sulfur content shal
48、l be 0.0150.030 %.S5.2 The sulfide (Type A) rating units in Table 2 shall be 3.0thin and 2.0 heavy.S5.3 The manufacturers certification shall state that mate-rial was produced to this supplementary requirement whenapplicable.S6. Sample Reduction RatioS6.1 For the sampling described in 7.2, the purch
49、aser mayspecify that the reduction ratio from as-cast section to testsection be provided.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not re
