1、Designation: A928/A928M 13A928/A928M 14Standard Specification forFerritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe ElectricFusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A928/A928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof
2、 original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steel pi
3、pe suitable for corrosive service.NOTE 1The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this specification for traditional terms such as nominaldiameter, size, and nominal size.1.2 This specification covers grades of ferritic/austenitic steel as indicated in Table 1. The
4、 selection of the proper alloy andrequirements for heat treatment shall be at the discretion of the purchaser, dependent on the service conditions to be encountered.1.3 Five classes of pipe are covered as follows:1.3.1 Class 1Pipe shall be double welded by processes using filler metal in all passes
5、and shall be radiographed completely.1.3.2 Class 2Pipe shall be double welded by processes using filler metal in all passes. No radiograph is required.1.3.3 Class 3Pipe shall be single welded by processes using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed completely.1.3.4 Class 4Same as Clas
6、s 3, except that the weld pass exposed to the inside pipe surface is permitted to be made withoutthe addition of filler metal (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2).1.3.5 Class 5Pipe shall be double welded by processes using filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed.1.4 Supplementary requirements
7、 covering provisions ranging from additional testing to formalized procedures for manufac-turing practice are provided. Supplementary Requirements S1 through S4 are included as options to be specified in the purchaseorder when desired.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are
8、to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the stand
9、ard. Theinch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of the specification is specified in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels andfor General ApplicationsA4
10、80/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel PipeE426 Pract
11、ice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,AusteniticStainless Steel and Similar Alloys2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:3Section III, Nuclear VesselsIIISection VIII, Unfired Pressure VesselsVIIISection IX, Welding QualificationsIX1 Th
12、is specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.10on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2013October 2014. Orig
13、inally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 asA928/A928M11.13. DOI: 10.1520/A0928_A0928M-13.10.1520/A0928_A0928M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
14、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, ThreeTwo Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990,http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only
15、to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
16、of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 AWS Specifications:4A 5.4 Corrosion-Re
17、sisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding ElectrodesA 5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare ElectrodesA 5.11 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding ElectrodesA 5.14 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and ElectrodesA 5.22 Flux Cored
18、Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel ElectrodesA 5.30 Consumable Weld Inserts for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A999/A999M and Terminology A941 are applicable to this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be
19、 the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for product under thisspecification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),4.1.2 Name of material (electric-fusion-welde
20、d pipe),4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),4.1.4 Class (see 1.3),4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),4.1.6 Length (specific or random),4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A999/A999M),4.1.8 Authorization for repair of plate defects by welding and subsequent heat treatment w
21、ithout prior approval, if such isintended (see 13.3),4.1.9 Specification designation,4.1.10 Special requirements,4.1.11 Statement invoking requirements of 13.4, if such is intended,4.1.12 Circumferential weld permissibility (see Section 17),4.1.13 Supplementary Requirements (S1 through S4),4.1.14 Ap
22、plicable ASME Code, if known,4.1.15 For ASME Code Section III applications, the service classification intended, and4.1.16 Certification requirements (see section on certification of Specification A999/A999M).5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the ap
23、plicable requirements of the current edition of SpecificationA999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 MaterialsThe steel plate material shall conform to the requirements of one of the grades of Specification A240/A240M,listed in Table 1.6.2 Welding:6.2.1 The joints
24、 shall be full penetration double-welded or single-welded butt joints using fusion welding processes as definedunder Definitions, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. This specification makes no provision for any differencein weld quality requirements, regardless of the weld joint type
25、used (single or double) in making the weld. Where backing ringsor strips are used, the ring or strip material shall be of the same P-Number (Table QW-422 of Section IX) as the plate being joined.Backing rings or strips shall be removed completely after welding, prior to any required radiography, and
26、 the exposed weld surfaceshall be examined visually for conformance to the requirements of 6.2.3. Welds made by procedures using backing strips or ringsthat remain in place are prohibited. Welding procedures and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vess
27、el Code, Section IX.6.2.2 Except as provided in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2, welds shall be made in their entirety by processes involving the deposition offiller metal.6.2.2.1 For Class 4 pipe using multiple passes, it is permitted to make the root-pass without the addition of filler metal.6.2.2.2 For Class
28、 4 pipe, it is permitted that the weld surface exposed inside the pipe be the result from a single pass made fromthe inside of the pipe without the addition of filler metal.6.2.2.3 All single-welded pipe shall be radiographed completely.4 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune
29、 Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.A928/A928M 1426.2.3 The weld surface on either side of the weld may be flush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniform crown,not to exceed 18 in. 3 mm. It is permitted to remove any weld reinforcement, at the option of the manufacturer or by agreem
30、entbetween the manufacturer and purchaser. The contour of the reinforcement shall be reasonably smooth and free of irregularities.The deposited metal shall be fused uniformly into the plate surface. No concavity of contour is permitted unless the resultingthickness of weld metal is equal to or great
31、er than the minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal.6.2.4 Weld defects shall be repaired by removal to sound metal and rewelding. Subsequent heat treatment and examination (thatis, visual, radiographic, and dye penetrant) shall be as required on the original welds.6.3 Heat Treatment:6.3.1 Unles
32、s otherwise stated in the order, heat treatment shall be performed after welding and in accordance with therequirements of Table 2.6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatment subsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify the followingcondition:6.3.2.1 No final heat treatment
33、 of pipe fabricated of plate that has been heat treated as required by Table 2 for the particulargrade. Each pipe supplied under this requirement shall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O.”7. Chemical Composition7.1 The chemical composition of the plate shall conform to the requirements of the applic
34、able specification and grade listed inTable 1.7.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the chemical composition of the welding material shall conform to therequirements of the applicable AWS specification for the corresponding grade given in Table 1 or shall conform to the chemicalcompo
35、sition specified for the plate, or shall, subject to purchaser approval, be a filler metal more highly alloyed than the base metalwhen needed for corrosion resistance or other properties. Use of a filler metal other than that listed in Table 1 or conforming tothe chemical composition specified for t
36、he plate shall be reported and the filler metal identified on the certificate of tests. Whennitrogen is a specified element for the ordered grade, the method of analysis shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaserand the manufacturer.8. Heat Analysis8.1 The chemical analysis of the steel sh
37、all be determined by the plate manufacturer and shall conform to the requirements forthe particular grade as prescribed in Specification A240/A240M.9. Product Analysis9.1 At the request of the purchasers inspector, an analysis of one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or from base metaland
38、weld deposit from two pipes from each lot, shall be made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist of the followingnumber of lengths of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel:NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in LotUnder 2 400 or fraction thereof2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction
39、thereof6 and over 100 or fraction thereof9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchasers representative and shall conform to therequirements specified in Section 7, subject to the product analysis tolerances of Table 1 in Specification A480/A480M.9.3 If the ana
40、lysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1 does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, it ispermitted to obtain an analysis of the base metal and weld deposit of each pipe from the same heat or lot, and all pipe conformingto the requirements shall be accepted.10. Tensile Requ
41、irements10.1 The plate used in making the pipe shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties of the applicable specificationslisted in Table 1. Tension tests made by the plate manufacturer shall qualify the plate material.10.2 The transverse tension test taken across the welded joint sp
42、ecimen shall have a tensile strength not less than the specifiedminimum tensile strength of the plate.11. Permissible Variations of Dimensions for Thin-Wall Pipe11.1 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wall thickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter, the diametertolerance, a
43、s listed in Specification A999/A999M, shall apply only to the mean of the extreme (maximum and minimum) outsidediameter readings in any one cross section.11.2 For thin-wall pipe, the difference in extreme outside readings (called the ovality) in any one section shall not exceed twicethe permissible
44、variations in outside diameter for the specified diameter as listed in Specification A999/A999M.A928/A928M 143TABLE 1 Pipe and Filler Metal SpecificationsUNSDesignation GradeAASTM PlateSpecificationNo. and GradeA5.4 A5.9 A5.11 A5.14 A5.22 A5.30Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class
45、UNSS31200 . . . A240 S31200 B B B B B B B B B B B BS31260 . . . A240 S31260 B B B B B B B B B B B BS31500 . . . A240 S31500 B B B B B B B B B B B BS31803 . . . A240 S31803 E2209. W39209. ER2209. S39209. B B B B E2209TOX. W39239. B BS32003 . . . A240 S32003 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32101 . . . A240 S3
46、2101 E2307-XX S82371 ER2307 S82371 B B B B E2307TX-X B BS32202 A240 S32202 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32205 2205 A240 S32205 E2209. W39209. ER2209. S39209. B B B B E2209TOX. W39239. B BS32304 2304 A240 S32304 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32506 . . . A240 S32506 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32550 255 A240 S32550
47、E2553. W39553. ER2553. S39553. B B B B E2553TOX. W39533. B BS32750 2507 A240 S32750 E2594. W39594. ER2594. S32750. B B B B B B B BS32900 329C A240 type 329 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32950 . . . A240 S32950 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32760 . . . A240 S32760 B B B B B B B B B B B BS32520 . . . A240 S32520
48、B B B B B B B B B B B BS81921 . . . A240 S81921 E2209. W39209. ER2209. S39209. B B B B E2209TOX. W39239. B BS82121 . . . A240 S82121 E2209. W39209. ER2209. S39209. B B B B E2209TOX. W39239. B BS82441 . . . A240 S82441 B B B B B B B B B B B BA Except as indicated, common name, not a trademark, widely
49、 used, not associated with any one producer.BAn AWS standard filler metal is not yet available for inclusion in this table.C A grade designation originally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).A928/A928M14412. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Tests12.1 Two bend test specimens shall be taken transversely from the pipe. Except as provided in 12.2, one shall be subject to aface guided-bend test and the second to a root guided-bend test. One specimen shall be bent with the inside surface of the pipeagainst the plunger, and the other with the outside sur
