1、Designation: A 961/A 961M 07Standard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 961/A 961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-ments that shall ap
3、ply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves,and parts for piping applications under any of the followingindividual product specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A 105/A 105MForgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A 181/A 181M
4、Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A 182/A 182MFittings, and Valves and Parts for High TemperatureServiceForgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A 350/A 350MToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsForged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A 522/A 522MSteel Flanges, Fittings
5、, Valves, and Partsfor Low-Temperature ServiceForgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A 694/A 694MFittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceFlanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A 707/A 707MTemperature ServiceForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components
6、with A 727/A 727MInherent Notch ToughnessForgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A 836/A 836MGlass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-vidual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the re
7、quirements of the individualproduct specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-tion.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirementsshall be dependent on negoti
8、ations with the supplier and mustbe included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaserand supplier.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units(metric) are to be regarded separately as standard. Within thetext and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. Thevalues stat
9、ed in each system are not exact equivalents; there-fore each system must be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the specification. The inch-pound units shallapply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specifi-cation is sp
10、ecified in the order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 105/A 105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping ApplicationsA 181/A 181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, forGeneral-Purpose PipingA 182/A 182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloyand Stainless Steel Pipe Flan
11、ges, Forged Fittings, andValves and Parts for High-Temperature ServiceA 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-nation of Steel ForgingsA 350/A 350M Specification for Carbon and Low-AlloySteel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing forPiping ComponentsA 370 Test Methods and Definitio
12、ns for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 522/A 522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9%Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts forLow-Temperature ServiceA 694/A 694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelForgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts forHigh-Pres
13、sure Transmission ServiceA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 707/A 707M Specification for Forged Carbon and AlloySteel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA 727/A 727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping Components with Inherent No
14、tch Toughness1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Appli
15、cations.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 961/A 961M05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
16、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 751 Test Methods, Pra
17、ctices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 836/A 836M Specification for Titanium-Stabilized Car-bon Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and PressureVessel ServiceA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and FerroalloysA 967 Specification for Chemi
18、cal Passivation Treatmentsfor Stainless Steel PartsA 991/A 991M Test Method for Conducting TemperatureUniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat SteelProductsB 880 Specification for General Requirements for ChemicalCheck Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys andCobalt AlloysE 165 Test Met
19、hod for Liquid Penetrant ExaminationE 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and ForgingsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle ExaminationE 1916 Guide for Identification and/or Segregation ofMixed Lots of Metals2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX2.3 Mil
20、itary Standard:4MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-ment and Storage2.4 Manufacturers Standardization Society Standard:5SP 25 Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings,Flanges and Unions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in thisspecification, refer t
21、o Terminology A 941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section that is long inrelationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length and a wroughtmicrostructure.3.2.2 certifying organization,
22、nthe company or associa-tion responsible for the conformance of, and marking of, theproduct to the specification requirements.3.2.3 fitting, na component for non-bolted joints in pipingsystems.3.2.4 flange, na component for bolted joints used inpiping systems.3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substan
23、tially compressivehot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates thematerial and produces the required shape.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe plastic working must be per-formed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ringrolling machine, and must deform the material to produce awrought struc
24、ture throughout the material cross section.3.2.6 seamless tubing, na tubular product made without awelded seam.3.2.6.1 DiscussionIt is manufactured usually by hotworking the material, and if necessary, by subsequently coldfinishing the hot worked tubular product to produce the desiredshape, dimensio
25、ns and properties.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material. Examples of such information include, butare not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Size and pressure class
26、or dimensions, (tolerances andsurface finishes should be included),4.1.3 Specification number with grade or class, or both, asapplicable, and year/date,4.1.4 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.5 Additional requirements.5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual ProductSpecifi
27、cation, the steel shall be fully killed.5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,such as electroslag remelting or vacuum rem
28、elting. If second-ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of theingot remelted from a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. Whensteel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identifica-tion of the resultant transition material is requir
29、ed. The steelproducer shall remove the transition material by an establishedprocedure that positively separates the grades.5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the sourcematerial to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrink-age, and undue segregation.6. Manufacture6.1 The finished par
30、t shall be manufactured from a forgingthat is as close as practicable to the finished size or shape.Alternative starting materials may be used, but with thefollowing exceptions and requirements.6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and headertees shall not be machined directly from bar. Othe
31、r hollowcylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can bemachined from bar provided that the axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the startingstock.6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shallnot be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubi
32、ng. Otherhollow cylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seam-less pipe and tubing provided that the axial length of the partis approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the startingstock.3Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three ParkAvenue, New York, NY 100165
33、990.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve andFittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park Street, NW., Vienna, VA 22180.A 961/A 961M 0727. Heat Tr
34、eatment7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated asspecified in the individual product specification using thefollowing procedures that are defined in more detail in Termi-nology A 941.7.1.1 Full AnnealingMaterial shall be uniformly reheatedto a temperature above the transformation rang
35、e and, afterholding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowlyto a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingMaterial shall be heated to atemperature that causes the chrome carbides to go into solu-tion, and then, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by othermea
36、ns to prevent reprecipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shallconsist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to andholding within the range of temperature at which the austenitetransforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 Normalizing Material shall
37、 be uniformly reheated toa temperature above the transformation range, and subse-quently, cooled in air at room temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentMaterialshall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30min
38、or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress Relieving Material shall be uniformly heatedto the selected stress relieving temperature. The temperatureshall not vary from the selected temperature by more than 625F 614 C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial sh
39、all be fully austen-itized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium.The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum tempera-ture of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.8. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis andmethods of analysis shall be in acco
40、rdance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A 751.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shallbe made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentagesof those elements specified in the individual product specifi-cation. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heata
41、nalysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or theproduct of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. Thechemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-ments of the individual product specification. Note that theproduct analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to beappl
42、ied to the Heat Analysis requirements.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed itshall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A 751. Samples for analysis shall be taken frommidway between center and surface of solid parts, midwaybetween inner and outer surfaces o
43、f hollow parts, midwaybetween center and surface of full-size prolongations or frombroken mechanical test specimens. The chemical compositionthus determined shall conform to the limits of the productspecification, within the permissible variations of Table 1 orTable 2 of this specification, as appro
44、priate for the grade beingsupplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods and DefinitionsA 370.9.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to theproduct specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-tained from the
45、 production forgings, or from separately forgedtest blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finishedproduct. In either case, mechanical test specimens shall not beremoved until after all heat treatment is complete. If repairwelding is performed, test specimens shall not be removedTABLE 1 Pro
46、duct Analysis Tolerances for Higher Alloy andStainless SteelsAElement Limit or Maximum ofSpecified Range, Wt %Tolerance Over theMaximum Limit orUnder the MinimumLimitCarbon 0.030, incl 0.005over 0.030 to 0.20 incl. 0.01Manganese to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 3.00 incl. 0.04over 3.00 to 6.00 0.05ove
47、r 6.00 to 10.00 0.06Phosphorous to 0.040, incl. 0.005over 0.040 to 0.20, incl. 0.010Sulfur to 0.030, incl. 0.005Silicon to 1.00, incl. 0.05over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.10Chromium over 4.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 15.00 incl. 0.15over 15.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.20over 20.00 to 27.50 incl. 0.25Nicke
48、l to 1.00 incl. 0.03over 1.00 to 5.00 incl. 0.07over 5.00 to 10.00 incl. 0.10over 10.00 to 20.00 incl. 0.15over 20.00 to 22.00 incl. 0.20Molybdenum to 0.20 incl. 0.01over 0.20 to 0.60 incl. 0.03over 0.60 to 2.00 incl. 0.05over 2.00 to 7.00 incl. 0.10Titanium all ranges 0.05Columbium (Niobium)+ Tanta
49、lumall ranges 0.05Columbium (Niobium) 0.05 to 0.20 incl. 0.01Tantalum to 0.10 incl. 0.02Copper to 0.50, incl. 0.03over 0.50 to 1.00, incl. 0.05over 1.00 to 3.00, incl. 0.10over 3.00 to 5.00, incl. 0.15over 5.00 to 10.00, incl. 0.20Cobalt 0.05 to 0.20 incl. 0.01BNitrogen to 0.19 incl 0.01over 0.19 to 0.25 0.02over 0.25 to 0.35 0.03over 0.35 to 0.45 0.04over 0.45 to 0.60 0.05Aluminum to 0.05 incl. 0.01Vanadium to 0.10 incl. 0.01over 0.10 to 0.25 incl. 0.02Cerium 0.03 to 0.08 0.005+0.01AThis table does not apply to heat analysis.BProduct analysis limi
