1、Designation: A990/A990M 14aStandard Specification forCastings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, SpeciallyControlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for CorrosiveService1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A990/A990M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium andn
3、ickel alloy castings specially processed with restricted meltpractices, weldability testing, and nondestructive examination(NDE) requirements.1.2 A number of grades of iron-nickel-chromium and nickelalloy castings are included in this specification. Since thesegrades possess varying degrees of suita
4、bility for service incorrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaserto determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection willdepend on design and service conditions, mechanicalproperties, and corrosion-resistant characteristics.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pou
5、nd unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3.1 This specification is expressed i
6、n both inch-poundunits and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order orcontract specifies the applicable M specification designation(SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all
7、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A351/A351M Specificati
8、on for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-cations of Procedures and PersonnelA494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and NickelAlloyA703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, GeneralRequirements, for Pressure-Containing
9、PartsA743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA744/A744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceA802/A802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep-tance Standards, Visual
10、 ExaminationA903/A903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Ac-ceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Pen-etrant InspectionA985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment CastingsGeneral Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for L
11、iquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in.(50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy CastingsE280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm) S
12、teel Castings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous ed
13、ition approved in 2014 as A990/A990M 14.DOI: 10.1520/A0990_A0990M-14A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.(50.8 mm) in Thickness2.2 AWS Standards:3AWS A5.4, Spec
15、ification for Stainless Steel Electrodes forShielded Metal Arc WeldingAWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel WeldingElectrodes and RodsAWS A5.11/A5.11M, Specification for Nickel and NickelAlloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded MetalArc WeldingAWS A5.14/A5.14M, Specification for Nickel and N
16、ickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods2.3 ASME/ANSI Standard:4ASME/ANSI B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Weld-ing End3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible surface, nsurface that can be welded onwithout cutting access holes in the casting.3.1.2 r
17、efined ingot, nmetal processed by argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD) or vacuum-oxygen-decarburization(VOD) and cast to a size and shape suitable for remelting.3.1.3 revert, ngates, risers, and castings. Also includesscrapped machinery and fabricated items, chips, and turnings.4. General Conditions f
18、or Delivery4.1 Other than investment castings, material furnished tothis specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-fication A703/A703M, including any supplementary require-ments that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A
19、703/A703M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. Incase of conflict between the requirements of this specificationand Specification A703/A703M, this specification shall pre-vail.4.2 Investment Castings Material furnished to this speci-fication shall conform to the requirements of Specif
20、icationA985/A985M, including any supplementary requirements thatare indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thegeneral requirements of Specification A985/A985M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between the requirements of this specification and
21、 Speci-fication A985/A985M, Specification A985/A985M shallprevail.5. Ordering Information5.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered to thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:5.1.1 Qu
22、antity.5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1).5.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number ordrawing. Dimensional tolerances should be included on thecasting drawing.5.1.4 Nondestructive inspection class required (Table 2).Class D will be supplied unless otherwise specified.5.1.5 Wetted surfaces (T
23、able 2).5.2 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary require-ments desired, including standards of acceptance, required todescribe adequately the desired material.6. Process and Manufacture6.1 Alloys, except for nickel base, 25 to 35 % Cu alloys,shall be made by one of the two following process
24、es:6.1.1 Electric arc or induction furnace melting followed byAOD or VOD refining, or6.1.2 Electric induction furnace melting of refined ingot.6.2 Nickel base alloys with 25 to 35 % Cu shall be made by6.1.1 or 6.1.2 or by electric furnace.6.3 Additions of up to 5 % are permitted for compositionaladj
25、ustments and deoxidation.6.4 Revert shall not be used.3Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street, #130,Miami, FL 33166-6672, http:/www.aws.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-599
26、0, http:/www.asme.org.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement, %(max, except where range is given)GradeCK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2MC 0.025 0.020 0.030 0.35 0.020 0.020Mn 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00Si 0.75 0.80 1.00 1.25 0.45 0.80P 0.020 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.015 0.030S 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.015 0
27、.015 0.015Mo 6.0-7.0 15.0-17.5 2.0-3.0 . . . 8.0-10.0 30.0-33.0Fe balance 2.00 balance 3.5 5.0 3.00Ni 17.5-19.5 balance 27.5-30.5 Balance Balance BalanceCr 19.5-20.5 15.0-17.5 19.0-22.0 . . . 20.0-23.0 1.00N 0.18-0.24Cu 0.50-1.00 . . . 3.0-3.5 26.0-33.0 0.50 0.20W 1.00 . . . . . . 0.50 0.20V . . . 0
28、.20 0.20Cb . . . 3.1-4.5 .A990/A990M 14a27. Chemical Composition7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical compositionrequirements prescribed in Table 1. An analysis of every heatis required.8. Tensile Properties8.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. Testresults shall conform to the
29、tensile requirements specified inTable 3. The bar shall be solution heat treated per therequirements of Table 4 in production furnaces to the sameprocedure as the castings it represents. If the casting grade doesnot require heat treatment, the bar used for the test specimenshall not be heat treated.
30、9. Weldability Qualification9.1 Each heat shall be qualified by weldability testing.9.2 Sampling:9.2.1 The weldability test plate shall be cast in accordancewith Fig. 1.9.2.2 For heats produced under 6.1.1, at least one weldabil-ity test plate shall be cast from each heat.9.2.3 For heats produced un
31、der 6.1.2, at least one weldabil-ity test plate shall be cast from the first heat in an uninterruptedTABLE 2 Nondestructive Examination RequirementsMaximum Casting Thickness Class Visual Examination, PracticeA802/A802M Minimum Ac-ceptance LevelRadiographic Examination,Guide E94Number of CastingsSeve
32、rity Level per Table 6Liquid Penetrant Examination, Test Method E165Coverage Minimum Acceptance Levelper SpecificationA903/A903Mless than58 in. (15.9 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IIB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IIC Level II Initial casting off pattern Wel
33、d repairs Level IID Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA58 to 1 in. (15.9 to 25.4 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IIIB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IIIC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IIID Level II Initial casting off pattern NA
34、 NAOver 1 to 2 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IVB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IVC Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IVD Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver2to412 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) A Level II 100 % All ac
35、cessible surfaces Level IVB Level II 100 % All accessible wetted sur-facesLevel IVC Level III Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level VD Level III Initial casting off pattern NA NAOver 412 in. (114 mm) A Level III 100 % All accessible surfaces Level VB Level III 100 % All accessible wetted su
36、r-facesLevel VC Level IV Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level VD Level IV Initial casting off pattern NA NATABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsGradeCK3MCuN CW-2M CN3MCu M35-1 CW2MC N2MTensile strength, min,ksi MPa8055072495624256545070485765250.2 % offset yieldstrength, min, ksiMPa3826040275251702
37、51704027540275Elongation in 2 in. 50mm,min,%A35 20 35 25 25 20AWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specification A985/A985M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.TABLE 4 Heat Treat RequirementsGrade Heat TreatmentCK3MCuN Heat to 2200 to 2265
38、F (1205 to 1240C) for one hour attemperature/1 in. (25 mm) of thickness with a minimum of 4hours. Quench in water.ACW-2M Heat to 2225 to 2300F 1220 to 1260C for a minimum of 1 h attemperature/1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.ACN3MCu Heat to 2050F 1120C min for a min of 1 h at temperature/1
39、in.25 mm of thickness. Quench in water.AM35-1 As-castCW2MC Heat to 2175F 1190C min for a min of 2 h at temperature or amin of 1 h/1 in. 25 mm of thickness whichever is greater.Quench in water.AN2M Heat to 2080F 1140C min for a min of 2 h at temperature + 1h/ 1 in. 25 mm of thickness. Quench in water
40、.AAQuench in water or rapid cool by other means as agreed upon by themanufacturer and purchaser.A990/A990M 14a3series of heats, made in the same furnace from the same heat ofrefined ingot using the same melting procedure, and shallqualify all of the subsequent heats in that series made in thesame sh
41、ift.9.3 Procedure:9.3.1 The test plates required under 9.2 shall be processedand tested as follows:9.3.1.1 Prior to welding, the test plate shall be solution heattreated according to the requirements of Table 4 in productionfurnaces to the same procedure as the castings it represents.9.3.1.2 All for
42、ms of cold working, mechanical deformation,hammering, or peening, in excess of that required for normalcleaning is prohibited.9.3.1.3 Fill the groove in the plate with weld depositaccording to the procedure used in Section 11 and the fillermaterial grade specified in Table 5.9.3.1.4 For the purposes
43、 of the weldability test only, postweld heat treatment of the test plate is prohibited even if partof the procedure. Remove one38-in. (10-mm) min thick bendcoupon longitudinally from the center of the welded plate bymachining, sawing, or abrasive cutting. Make a transverse sidebend test of the welde
44、d joint in accordance with PracticeA488/A488M.9.4 Acceptance:9.4.1 On the bent specimen, cracks or other open defectsexceeding18 in. (3.2 mm), measured in any direction on theconvex surface shall be cause for rejection, except that cracksoccurring on and limited to the corners while testing shall no
45、tbe considered.10. Nondestructive Examination10.1 One of four different classes of nondestructive exami-nation shall be imposed on castings ordered to this specifica-tion. Classes A, B, C, and D are defined in Table 2. Each classimposes specific requirements for three different NDE meth-ods. Class D
46、 will be supplied unless otherwise specified.10.2 Visual ExaminationEach casting shall be examinedvisually in accordance with Practice A802/A802M. Fusiondiscontinuities, expansion discontinuities, and inserts are un-acceptable.All other surface features must meet the acceptancecriteria class in Tabl
47、e 2.10.3 Radiographic Examination:10.3.1 The number of castings to be examined radiographi-cally and the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with thespecified class in Table 2 and Table 6.10.3.2 The extent of coverage shall be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and purchaser. Where applicabl
48、e, the mini-mum coverage shall comply with ASME/ANSI B 16.34.(a)Metric Equivalentsin.143834 118 234 314 6mm 5 10 20 30 70 85 155NOTEMay be used with the purchasers approval when the molding processmakes it impractical to cast the cavity into the test plate.(b)Metric Equivalentsin.143834 118 314 6mm
49、5 10 20 30 85 155FIG. 1 (a) Weldability Test Plate (b) Optional Weldability TestPlate With a Machined GrooveTABLE 5 Weld Filler MaterialsCast Grade AWS A5.11/A5.11M and AWS A5.14/A5.14MWeld Filler MaterialCK3MCuN AWS A5.4 and AWS A5.9 NiCrMo-3CW-2M NiCrMo-7 or NiCrMo-10CN3MCu AWS A5.4 and AWS A5.9 320LRM35-1 NiCu-7CW2MC NiCrMo-3N2M NiMo-7 or NiMo-10A990/A990M 14a410.3.3 Personnel performing the examination shall be quali-fied in accordance with an acceptable writt
