1、Designation: B 189 05Standard Specification forLead-Coated and Lead-Alloy-Coated Soft Copper Wire forElectrical Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers lead-coated and lead-alloy-coated, round, soft or annealed copper wire for electri
3、calpurposes.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard. The SI values for density andresistivity are to be regarded as the stand
4、ard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. The hazard
5、statement applies only to Section 6 of this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect at thetime of reference form a part of these methods to the extentreferenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B49 Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock forElectrical Pur
6、posesB 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB 258 Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters andCross-SectionalAreas ofAWG Sizes of Solid Round WiresUsed as Electrical Conductors2.3 NIST:NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material u
7、nder this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity of each size and type of coating;3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 5.3 and Table 1);3.1.3 Type of coating (see Section 1);3.1.4 Type of copper, if special (see 4.2);3.1.5 Package size (see 8.1);3.1.6 Special package
8、 marking, if required; and3.1.7 Place of inspection (see 6.1).4. Material4.1 Coating MaterialThe coating material shall be com-mercially pure lead or a lead alloy. The lead alloy shallconform to the following requirements as to chemical compo-sition as determined by analysis of samples from the coat
9、ingbath:Lead, min, % 25Tin, max, % 75AAntimony, max, % 6AIt is permissible to use alloying constituents other than those specified aboveto replace a portion of the tin.4.2 Copper-Base MetalThe base metal shall be copper ofsuch quality and purity that the finished product shall haveproperties and cha
10、racteristics prescribed in this specification.4.2.1 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as may beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser, andwhich will conform to the requirements prescribed in thisspecification may also be used.NOTE 1Specification B49defines copper suitable
11、 for use.5. General Requirements (See Section 9)5.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note1)The coated wire shall conform to the requirements forelongation prescribed in Table 1. No requirements for tensilestrength are specified. For wire whose nominal diameter ismore than 0.001 in. (1 mi
12、l) greater than a size listed in Table 1,but less than that of the next larger size, the requirements of thenext larger size shall apply.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 onElectrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.04 onConductors of
13、 Copper and Copper Alloys.Current edition approved Mar. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1944. Discontinued July 2003 and reinstated as B 189 05. Lastprevious edition approved in 1995 as B 189 95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.1Copyrigh
15、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 2)The electrical resis-tivity of the coated wire at a temperature of 20C shall notexceed the values prescribed in Table 2.5.3 Dimensions and Permissible Variati
16、ons (ExplanatoryNote 1)The wire sizes shall be expressed as the diameter ofthe wire in decimal fractions of an inch to the nearest 0.0001 in.(0.1 mil). The coated wire shall not vary from the specifieddiameter by more than the amounts prescribed in Table 3.5.4 Continuity of CoatingThe lead or lead-a
17、lloy coatingshall be continuous. The continuity of coating on the wire shallbe determined on representative samples taken before strand-ing or insulating. The continuity of coating shall be determinedby the ammonium persulfate test in accordance with 6.4 or bythe sodium polysulfide-hydrochloric acid
18、 test in accordancewith 6.5. In case the results obtained in the sodium polysulfide-hydrochloric acid test are not conclusive, the ammoniumpersulfate test shall be employed and the results obtained bythis latter test shall be final.5.5 JointsNecessary joints in the completed wire and inthe wire and
19、rods prior to final drawing shall be made inaccordance with the best commercial practice.5.6 FinishThe coating shall consist of a smooth continu-ous layer, firmly adherent to the surface of the copper. The wireshall be free of all imperfections not consistent with the bestcommercial practice.6. Test
20、 Methods6.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation (Explanatory Note3)No test for tensile strength shall be required.6.1.1 The elongation of wire whose nominal diameter islarger than 0.0808 in. (2.052 mm) in diameter shall bedetermined as the permanent increase in length, expressed inpercent of the origina
21、l length, due to the breaking of the wirein tension, measured between gage marks placed originally 10in. (254 mm) apart upon the test specimen. The elongation ofthe wire whose nominal diameter is 0.0808 in. (2.052 mm) andunder may be determined as just described or by measurementsmade between the ja
22、ws of the testing machine. When the lattermethod is used, the zero length shall be the distance betweenthe jaws at the start of the tension test and be as near 10 in. (254mm) as practical, and the final length shall be the distancebetween the jaws at the time of rupture. The fracture shall bebetween
23、 gage marks in the case of specimens so marked orbetween the jaws of the testing machine and not closer than 1in. (25.4 mm) to either gage mark or either jaw.6.2 Resistivity (Explanatory Note 2)The electrical resis-tivity of the material shall be determined in accordance withTest Method B 193. The p
24、urchaser may accept certification thatthe wire was drawn from rod stock meeting the internationalstandard for annealed copper in lieu of resistivity tests on thefinished wire.6.3 Dimensional MeasurementsDimensional measure-ments shall be made with a micrometer caliper equipped withTABLE 1 Tensile Re
25、quirementsDiameter, in.Area at 20CElongation in 10in., min, %cmils in.20.4600 211 600 0.1662 300.4096 167 800 0.1318 300.3648 133 100 0.1045 300.3249 105 600 0.08291 300.2893 83 690 0.06573 250.2576 66 360 0.05212 250.2294 52 620 0.04133 250.2043 41 740 0.03278 250.1819 33 090 0.02599 250.1620 26 24
26、0 0.02061 250.1443 20 820 0.01635 250.1285 16 510 0.01297 250.1144 13 090 0.01028 250.1019 10 380 0.008155 200.0907 8 230 0.00646 200.0808 6 530 0.00513 200.0720 5 180 0.00407 200.0641 4 110 0.00323 200.0571 3 260 0.00256 200.0508 2 580 0.00203 200.0453 2 050 0.00161 200.0403 1 620 0.00128 200.0359
27、1 290 0.00101 200.0320 1 020 0.000804 200.0285 812 0.000638 200.0253 640 0.000503 200.0226 511 0.000401 200.0201 404 0.000317 150.0179 320 0.000252 150.0159 253 0.000199 150.0142 202 0.000158 150.0126 159 0.000125 150.0113 128 0.000100 150.0100 100 0.0000785 100.0089 79.2 0.0000622 100.0080 64.0 0.0
28、000503 100.0071 50.4 0.0000396 100.0063 39.7 0.0000312 100.0056 31.4 0.0000246 100.0050 25.0 0.0000196 100.0045 20.2 0.0000159 100.0040 16.0 0.0000126 100.0035 12.2 0.00000962 100.0031 9.61 0.00000755 10TABLE 2 Electrical Resistivity RequirementsNominal Diameter, in.Resistivity at20C,Vlb/mile20.460
29、to 0.290, incl 896.15Under 0.290 to 0.103, incl 900.77Under 0.103 to 0.0201, incl 910.15Under 0.0201 to 0.0111, incl 929.52Under 0.0111 to 0.0030, incl 939.51TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in DiameterNominal Diameter ofWire, in.Permissible Variations in Diameterplus minusUnder 0.0100 0.0003 in. (0.3
30、 mil) 0.0001 in. (0.1 mil)0.0100 and over 3 %A1%AAExpressed to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.1 mil).B189052a vernier graduated in 0.0001 in. (0.1 mil). Measurements shallbe made on at least three places on each unit selected for thistest. If accessible, one measurement shall be taken on each endand one
31、near the middle. The average of the three measure-ments shall determine compliance with the requirements.6.4 Continuity of Coating (Ammonium Persulfate Test):6.4.1 Specimens:6.4.1.1 Length of SpecimensThe length of test specimensshall be determined by substituting the appropriate value of K,as given
32、 in Table 4, in the following equation:L 5 K/Dwhere:L = length of test specimen, in. (or mm), andD = diameter of the coated wire, in. (or mm).In cases where the length of a specimen, determined by theabove equation, is such that it cannot be immersed as a singlelength in the specified manner, it may
33、 be divided into shortersections which will permit complete immersion.6.4.1.2 Treatment of SpecimensThe specimens shall bethoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organic solventsuch as benzene, ether, or trichloroethylene for at least 3 min,then removed and wiped dry with a clean soft cloth. (
34、Caution:Explanatory Note 4.) The ends of each specimen shall becompletely coated with wax to protect the exposed copper. Thewax-coated length shall not be included in determining thelength of the specimen.6.4.2 Special Solutions:6.4.2.1 Test Solution (Ammonium Persulfate)Dissolve 10g of ammonium per
35、sulfate (cp crystals containing not less than95 % of ammonium persulfate) in 500 mL of distilled water.Add 75 mL of cp NH4OH (sp gr 0.90) and dilute to 1 L withdistilled water. The ammonium persulfate solution shall befreshly prepared each day. Tests are to be conducted and shallnot be subjected to
36、temperatures above 100F (38C).6.4.2.2 Reference Color Standard (Copper Sulfate-Ammonium Hydroxide)Dissolve 0.100 g of anhydrous cop-per sulfate in distilled water, add 75 mL of cp NH4OH (sp gr0.90), and dilute to 1 L.6.4.3 ProcedureImmerse a specimen of the requiredlength (see section 6.4.1.1) in th
37、e quantity of test solutionprescribed in Table 4, using as the container a test tube ofappropriate dimensions. Immerse the specimen in the testsolution at a temperature between 83 and 87F (28 and 31C)for a period of 15 min. Then remove the specimen and comparethe test solution with an equal depth of
38、 the reference colorstandard contained in a similar test tube. Make the colorcomparison by viewing the solutions lengthwise of the testtubes. The color of the test solution after immersion of the testspecimen shall not be darker than that of the referencecolor-standard solution.6.5 Continuity of Coa
39、ting (Sodium Polysulfide-Hydrochloric Acid Test):6.5.1 Specimens:6.5.1.1 Length of SpecimensThe test specimens shall eachhave a length of about 6 in. (152 mm). They shall be tagged ormarked to correspond with the coil, spool, or reel from whichthey were cut.6.5.1.2 Treatment of SpecimensThe test spe
40、cimens shallbe thoroughly cleaned by immersion in a suitable organicsolvent, such as benzene, ether, or trichloroethylene for at least3 min, then removed and wiped dry with a clean, soft cloth.(Caution: Explanatory Note 4.) The specimens thus cleanedshall be kept wrapped in a clean, dry cloth until
41、tested.(Warning: That part of the specimen to be immersed in the testsolution shall not be handled. Care shall be taken to avoidabrasion by the cut ends.)6.5.2 Special Solutions (Explanatory Note 5):6.5.2.1 Sodium Polysulfide Solution (sp gr 1.142)A con-centrated solution shall be made by dissolving
42、 sodium sulfidecp crystals in distilled water until the solution is saturated atabout 21C and adding sufficient flowers of sulfur (in excess of250 g/L of solution) to provide complete saturation, as shownby the presence in the solution of an excess of sulfur after thesolution has been allowed to sta
43、nd for at least 24 h. The testsolution shall be made by diluting a portion of the concentratedsolution with distilled water to a specific gravity of 1.142 at16C. The sodium polysulfide test solution should have suffi-cient strength to blacken thoroughly a piece of clean, untinnedcopper wire in 5 s.A
44、portion of the test solution used for testingspecimens shall not be considered to be exhausted until it failsto blacken a piece of clean copper as described above.6.5.2.2 Hydrochloric Acid Solution (sp gr 1.088)Commercial HCl (sp gr 1.12) shall be diluted with distilledwater to a specific gravity of
45、 1.088 measured at 16C.Aportionof HCl solution having a volume of 180 mLshall be consideredto be exhausted when the number of test specimens prescribedin Table 5 have been immersed in it for two cycles.6.5.3 ProcedureImmerse a length of at least 4.5 in. (114mm) from each of the cleaned specimens in
46、accordance withthe following cycles, in test solutions maintained at a tempera-ture between 16 and 21C:6.5.3.1 Immerse the specimen for 30 s in the sodiumpolysulfide solution, wash, and then shake lightly to removeexcess water.6.5.3.2 Immerse the specimen for 1 min in the HCl solution,wash, and then
47、 shake lightly to remove excess water.TABLE 4 Data for Ammonium Persulfate TestWire Diameter, in. KQuantity of TestSolutions, mL0.460 to 0.321, incl 1.2 150Under 0.321 to 0.161, incl 0.8 100Under 0.161 to 0.0810, incl 0.4 50Under 0.0810 to 0.0400, incl 0.2 25Under 0.0400 to 0.0030, incl 0.1 12.5TABL
48、E 5 Limiting Number of Test Specimens for HydrochloricAcid TestDiameter, in.Maximum Number of Specimensto be Tested for Two Cycles in180 mL of Acid Solution0.460 to 0.141, incl 2Under 0.141 to 0.0851, incl 4Under 0.0851 to 0.0501, incl 6Under 0.0501 to 0.0381, incl 10Under 0.0381 to 0.0301, incl 12U
49、nder 0.0301 to 0.0030, incl 14B1890536.5.3.3 Immerse the specimen for 30 s in the sodiumpolysulfide solution, wash, and then shake lightly to removeexcess water.6.5.3.4 Immerse the specimen for 1 min in the HCl solution,wash, and then shake lightly to remove excess water. After theoperations described, examine the specimens to ascertainwhether blackened areas resulting from the action of thesodium polysulfide are present. (Blackening of the coatedsurface that occurs when the specimen is immersed in thesodium polysulfide solution should disappear du
