1、Designation: B 432 04Standard Specification forCopper and Copper Alloy Clad Steel Plate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers plate of a carbon steel orlow-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuouslybonded on one or both sides
3、a layer of copper or copper-basealloy. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel usebut may be used in other structural applications where corro-sion resistance or conductivity of the alloy is of primeimportance.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard
4、. The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 6/A 6M Specification for General Requirements forRolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and SheetPilingA 20/A 20M Specification for General Requirements forSteel Plates for Pressure Vessel
5、sA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 578/A 578M Specification for Straight-Beam UltrasonicExamination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates for SpecialApplicationsB 96 Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Plate, Sheet,Strip, and Rolled Bar for General Purposes and
6、PressureVesselsB 152/B 152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarB 171/B 171M Specification for Copper-Alloy Plate andSheet for Pressure Vessels, Condensers, and Heat Ex-changersE 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2
7、.2 ASME Code:Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII3Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, WeldingQualifications33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base metal (backing steel), ncomponent to whichthe cladding metal is applied, usually the greater perce
8、ntage ofthe composite plate and usually consisting of carbon orlow-alloy steel.3.1.2 blind flange, nsame as a cover.3.1.3 cladding metal, nthe copper or copper-base alloycomponent of the composite plate.3.1.4 cover, na component with similar features to atubesheet which is used as a closure and whic
9、h typicallyrequires surface machining over part of the face while main-taining minimum specified minimum thickness.3.1.5 double-clad, nmaterial is considered as double-cladwhen both sides of the steel base metal are covered with coppercladding.3.1.6 interface, nof the clad product, is that region of
10、 thethickness in which the product transitions from essentially100 % base metal to 100 % cladding metal, also referred to asthe bond or bondzone.3.1.7 integrally and continuously bonded, adva conditionin which the cladding metal and base metal are broughttogether to form a metallurgical bond at esse
11、ntially the entireinterface of the two metals by means other than those processesthat do not produce a homogeneous composite plate.3.1.8 plate, nthe term plate as used in this specificationapplies to material 0.188 in. (4.77 mm) and over in thickness,and over 10 in. (254 mm) in width.3.1.9 single-cl
12、ad, nmaterial is considered as single-cladwhen only one side of the steel base metal is covered withcopper cladding.3.1.10 tubesheet, na clad plate which is used in a heatexchanger to separate the tubeside and shell side components.Typically, but not necessarily, tubesheets are round, relatively1Thi
13、s specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.01 on Plate,Sheet, and Strip.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as
14、 B 432 91 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanic
15、al Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.thick, and require that t
16、he cladding and/or base be machinedflat over part or all of the face while maintaining specifiedminimum thicknesses.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may i
17、nclude, but are notlimited to the following:4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),4.1.2 Dimensions, including the thickness of the claddingalloy and the backing steel, or of the total composite plate, andif more or less restrictive thickness tolerances apply,4.1.3 Cladding metal specification
18、(see Section 6),4.1.4 Base metal specification (see Section 6),4.1.5 Advise if the part is to be used as a tubesheet, cover,or blind flange,4.1.6 Shear testing requirements if any (see Sections 7 and8),4.1.7 Restrictions, if required, on repair by welding (seeSection 11),4.1.8 Additions to the speci
19、fication or special requirements.4.2 The purchaser is referred to the listed supplementaryrequirements in this specification and to the detailed require-ments in Specifications A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M as appli-cable. If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Sp
20、ecification A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Process:5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional), orbasic-oxygen processes, or by secondary processes whe
21、rebysteel made from these primary processes is remelted using, butnot limited to electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remeltingprocesses.5.1.2 The cladding metal may be integrally and continu-ously bonded to the base metal by any method that willproduce a clad steel that will conform to the requireme
22、nts ofthis specification.5.1.3 Heat TreatmentMaterial shall be furnished in acondition that the manufacturer determines is most appropriate,unless a heat treatment is specified by the base metal specifi-cation, cladding material specification, or by mutual agreementbetween manufacturer and purchaser
23、.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The clad plate shall conform to any combination of basemetal and cladding metal as described in 6.2 and 6.3, and asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.6.2 Base MetalThe base metal may be carbon steel orlow-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specificatio
24、ns forsteels for either pressure vessels or general structural applica-tions, or other, as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufac-turer. The base metal shall conform to the chemical require-ments of the specification to which it is ordered.6.3 Cladding MetalThe copper or copper-base alloy clad-din
25、g metal specified shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in the respective claddingmetal Specifications B 96, B 152/B 152M, or B 171/B 171M,or other copper-base alloy specification as agreed upon by thepurchaser and manufacturer.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Tensile P
26、roperty Requirements:7.1.1 Tensile tests shall be performed on the base metalonly.7.1.2 Tensile tests shall conform to the requirements of theBase Metal Specification.7.2 Bond Strength Requirements:7.2.1 Shear Strength TestWhen required by the purchaser,the minimum shear strength of the interface sh
27、all be 12 000 psi(84 MPa). The shear test, when specified, shall be made in themanner indicated in Fig. 1. The shear test is not applicablewhen the specified minimum cladding thickness is 0.075 in.(1.9 mm) or less.7.2.2 Alternate Bond Strength TestAs an alternative to theshear strength test provided
28、 in 7.2.1 or when agreed upon bythe purchaser and the manufacturer, three bend tests shall bemade with the alloy cladding in compression to determine thequality of the bond. These bend tests shall be made using 1.5in (38 mm) wide by full thickness specimens and shall be bentthrough an angle of 180 t
29、o the bend diameters provided for inthe base metal specification. At least two of the three tests shallshow not more than 50 % separation on both edges of the bentportion. Greater separation shall be cause for rejection. Thebond strength bend test is generally not recommended forcladding thicknesses
30、 where the shear test is applicable.7.3 Test specimens may be taken at the manufacturersoption from the excess portion of the material after the final cutto size or from separate pieces produced from the same heatunder the same manufacturing conditions.7.4 Additional mechanical tests may be performe
31、d. SeeSupplementary Requirements.SI Equivalentsin. mm in. mm0.005 0.127 1 25.418 3.18 212 63.534 19.1 3 76.2FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Testof Clad PlateB4320428. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 One or more tension tests, as required by the base metalspecification, and when specif
32、ied, one shear test or three bondstrength bend tests, as applicable, shall be made, representingeach manufacturing lot. Each specimen shall be in the finalcondition of heat treatment required for the plate, including anySPWHT (Simulated Post Weld Heat Treatment) if required,Supplementary Requirement
33、 S3. A manufacturing lot shall bedefined as all product from each base plate as-rolled which isclad under the same conditions.8.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining ordevelops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimensubstituted.9. Test Specimens9.1 The tension test specimens shall
34、 conform to the require-ments prescribed in the specifications for the base metal.9.2 When required by the purchaser, the shear test specimenshall be taken near a top or bottom corner of the plate as rolled,parallel to its longitudinal axis, or other location that isrepresentative of the final produ
35、ct.9.3 Bend test specimens for the alternative bond strengthtests shall be taken at right angles to its longitudinal axis.10. Product Analysis10.1 Product analysis may be performed on the claddingmetal, the base metal, or both, as specified in the contract.10.2 When product analysis is specified for
36、 the claddingalloy on finished product, the chemical analysis may beaccomplished by wet chemical or instrumental procedures. Ifwet chemical procedures are used, millings may be taken onlywhen the composite plate thickness is sufficient to permitobtaining millings without danger of contamination from
37、 theadjacent layer. If spectrometric procedures are used, the sampleshall be exposed on the center line of the cladding when thereis sufficient cladding thickness available so that there is nocontamination from the adjacent base metal.10.3 If product analysis is specified by the purchaser for thecla
38、dding alloy, it shall be made on a sample taken from thefinished product or a broken test specimen. For wet chemicalanalysis, in order to avoid contamination by the base platemetal, millings of cladding samples shall be taken from the testcoupon by removal and discard of all the base metal plus 40 %
39、of the cladding thickness from the bonded side, not to exceed0.063 in. (1.6 mm). The material shall be cleaned and sufficientmillings taken to represent the full cross-section of the remain-der.10.4 The results of the product analysis shall conform to therequirements of the cladding metal and base m
40、etal specifica-tions, as applicable.10.5 Results of the product analysis for the backing steelwhen required shall conform to the requirements of Section 7of Specification A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M, as applicable.11. Dimensions and Permissible Variations11.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, permissibl
41、e varia-tions except for thickness shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M as applicable based on thebase metal specification.11.2 Minimum thickness of the alloy cladding metal and ofthe backing steel, or of the total composite plate, shall be asrequired by purchase order d
42、ocuments when ordered to mini-mum thickness.11.3 Permissible variation in thickness when ordered tonominal thicknesses shall be 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) under each forbacking steel or total composite, and 0.03 in. (0.8 mm) underfor the alloy cladding.11.4 Permissible variations for excess thickness of the
43、totalcomposite shall be the greater of 0.125 in. (3 mm) or 10 % ofthe total composite thickness ordered and may occur in eitherbacking steel, cladding, or both, provided the minimum foreach is met.11.5 When the product is specified for use as tubesheets,covers, or blind flanges in the ordering infor
44、mation, the flatnesstolerances of Table 1 shall apply, otherwise flatness shall be inaccordance with A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M as applicable basedon the base metal specification.11.6 When the product is specified for use as tubesheets,covers, or blind flanges in the ordering information and amachined e
45、dge condition is specified, the diameter tolerancesof Table 2 shall apply.11.7 More restrictive or less restrictive permissible varia-tions may be agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufac-turer.12. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance12.1 The material shall be free of injurious defects and shallha
46、ve a workmanlike appearance.12.2 Unless otherwise specified, the clad surface may besupplied as-rolled, ground, blasted (descaled by means of sand,grit, shot or wire followed by pickling), or 100 % conditioned.13. Bond Quality13.1 The cladding metal shall be integrally and continu-ously bonded to th
47、e base metal.TABLE 1 Flatness Tolerances for Tube Sheets, Clad One Side OnlyATotal Thickness, in. (mm)Maximum Deviation from True FlatnessBfor a Given Diameter, Width, or Length, in. (mm)To 48 (1219)Over 48 (1219)to 72 (1829)Over 72 (1829)to 96 (2438)Over 96 (2438)to 120 (3048)Over 120(3048)To 212 (
48、63.5)18 (3.18)18 (3.18)316 (4.76)14 (6.35)12 (12.7)Over 212 (63.5) to 4 (102)18 (3.18)18 (3.18)14 (6.35)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)Over 4 (102) to 6 (152)18 (3.18)14 (6.35)38 (9.52)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)Over 6 (152) to 8 (203)316 (4.76)38 (9.52)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)12 (12.7)ATwo side clads by special arrangement.BM
49、easured distance from an imaginary plane representing the best fit to the part surface. Measurement methods may include, but are not limited to, planar grids, planarredial wheels, setup on a machining table, or laser surveying.B43204313.2 Inspection:13.2.1 Clad plates less than 0.375 in. (9.5 mm) totalminimum composite thickness shall be visually inspected forbond integrity prior to shipment.13.2.2 Clad plates 0.375 in. (9.5 mm) and thicker totalminimum composite thickness shall be ultrasonically inspectedfor bond integrity prior to shipment
