1、Designation: C 1082 98 (Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Specification forAsbestos-Cement Flat Sheet for Cooling Tower Fill1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1082; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning editorially added in February 2005.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers three classes of flat asbe
3、stos-cement sheets for use as cooling tower fill.1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification areasbestos-cement products intended for use as tower partition-ing and casing materials, splash bars, water distribution con-duits, and demisters. Also excluded are corrugated sheets andsplash bars us
4、ed as cooling tower fill (heat exchange surfaces)that are covered in Specification C 1081.1.3 The values stated in the SI system are to be regarded asthe standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asb
5、estos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysot
6、ile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
7、regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 150 Specification for Portland CementC 458 Test Method for Organic Fiber Content of Asbestos-Cement ProductsC 459 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Asbestos-Cement Flat Sheets, Roofing and Siding Shingles, andClapboa
8、rdsC 500 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC 1081 Specification for Asbestos-Cement Corrugated Fillfor Use in Cooling TowersD 2946 Terminology for Asbestos and Asbestos-CementProducts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 autoclaved product, n in asbestos cement, producttreated in a saturated steam
9、atmosphere at between 689 to 1517kPa (110 to 220 psi) for at least 8 h, and that contain portlandcement as defined in Specification C 150 together with silica inthe ratio of 3:2 that can react to form calcium silicate reactionproducts.3.1.2 pressed product, n product pressed singly or instacks inter
10、layered with templates, at a minimum pressure of12 MPa (1740 psi).3.1.3 textured product, n product with bas-relief motifsthat extend the external surface of a sheet sufficiently toincrease its heat transfer capacity by at least 10 % underconditions of turbulent gravity flow.3.1.4 For additional def
11、initions, refer to TerminologyD 2946.4. Classification4.1 Type IFill consisting of autoclaved pressed sheetswithout textured surfaces that meet the requirements set forthin Table 1.4.2 Type IIFill consisting of non-autoclaved pressedsheets without textured surfaces that meet requirements pre-sented
12、in Table 1.4.3 Type IIIFill consisting of non-autoclaved, non-pressedsheets with textured surfaces, conforming to requirementsstated in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-17 onFiber-Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C17.03 onAsbes
13、tos-Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originallypublished as C 108290. Last previous edition C 108290 (1994).2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AS
14、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Test Methods5.1 Apparent
15、Density:5.1.1 This is determined by dividing the mass of a specimenafter drying to constant weight at 110C 6 10F, by the volumeof the specimen.5.2 Water AbsorptionIn accordance with Test MethodsC 459.5.3 Flexural StrengthIn accordance with Test MethodsC 459.5.4 Freeze-Thaw Resistance:5.4.1 The numbe
16、r of freeze-thaw cycles specified must notcause any apparent deterioration. Check for signs of delami-nation by means of a magnifying glass. Inspect the specimensfor the presence of invisible cracks by spraying isopropylalcohol from a hand spray bottle onto the specimen (hairlinecracks are revealed
17、when the alcohol evaporates from thesurface).5.4.2 Each cycle shall consist of saturating the specimen bysubmerging in water at 30 6 2C (36 6 3F) during 2 hfollowed by rapid drainage and freezing to 20 6 2C (4 63F) during 106 0.2 h. The twice-daily cycle then repeatsstarting with the 2 h period of t
18、hawing and saturation in waterat 30C.5.5 Harkort Test:5.5.1 The specimen is dried in an oven at 100 6 2C (2126 3F) for 2 6 0.2 h before rapidly dunking it in 10 6 0.1 kg(20 6 0.2 lb) of water at 20 6 2C (68 6 3F) for 10 6 0.2min. Then the specimen is examined for signs of deterioration.Check and ins
19、pect as in 5.4.1. If the specimen does not appeardeteriorated, return it to the oven for drying during 24 6 0.2 hat 110 6 2C (230 6 3F) before dunking again in the sameway.5.5.2 Subsequent drying cycles are all of 23 h 45 6 12 min.duration at the following temperatures:3rd drying 1206 2C (258 6 3F)4
20、th drying 130 6 2C (266 6 3F)5th drying 140 6 2C (284 6 3F)6th drying 150 6 2C (302 6 3F)7th drying 160 6 2C (320 6 3F)5.5.3 Report the number of cycles sustained without dete-rioration.6. Inspection6.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon by thepurchaser and the supplier as part of the p
21、urchase contract.7. Rejection and Rehearing7.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthese specifications may be rejected. Rejection shall be re-ported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. Incase of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the produceror supplier
22、 may make claim for a rehearing.8. Certification8.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or supplier certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with this specification and hasbeen found to m
23、eet the requirements. When specified in thepurchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall befurnished.8.2 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or orderthe certification of an independent third party indicatingconformance to the requirements of this specification may beaccept
24、ed instead of the manufacturers certification9. Product Marking9.1 For Types I and II, print or stencil on each piece, inalkali-resistant ink or paint, the identification either “Type I” or“Type 2.”TABLE 1 Manufacturing Composition and Performance RequirementsType No. I II IIIManufacturing Requireme
25、nts:Autoclaved yes no noPressed yes yes noTextured no no yesThickness,mm 4.26 0.1 4.2 6 0.1 4.2 6 0.1(in.) (0.165 6 0.005) (0.165 6 0.005) (0.165 6 0.005)Composition Requirements:Silica passing through a 149 m sieve (No. 100) yes no noRatio, cement:silica 3:2 . Mineral diluents no no noCellulose no
26、no noMaximum organic content per Test Method C 458, % 0.01 0.01 0.01Cement type; per Specification C 150 1 IorV I,IIorVor ISO type 10 10 or 50 10, 20 or 50Performance Requirements:Minimum apparent density g/cm3(lb/ft3) 1.6 (100) 1.6 (100) 1.4 (100)Maximum water absorption, % 25 25 30Average of lengt
27、hwise and crosswise orientations:Minimum flexural modulus of rupture:MPa (psi) 24.8 (3600) 24.8 (3600) 20.7 (3000)Minimum deflection (per Test Methods C 459):mm 332(in.) (0.13) (0.13) (0.09)Minimum freeze-thaw, cycles 200 100 50Minimum Harkort test, cycles 7 5 3Maximum free lime, per Test Methods C
28、500,% 1 6 7C 1082 98 (2003)e1210. Keywords10.1 asbestos; asbestos-cement; cooling tower fill; flat sheetASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
29、determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprove
30、d or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel
31、 that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1082 98 (2003)e13
