1、Designation: C1088 09aStandard Specification forThin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or Shale1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers thin veneer brick units madefrom clay, shale, fire clay, sand, or mixtures thereof, and firedto incipient f
3、usion for use in adhered or fastened veneerapplications. Three types of thin veneer brick units in each oftwo grades are covered. In this specification, the term thinveneer brick shall be understood to mean clay masonry unitwith a maximum thickness of 134 in. (44.45 mm).NOTE 1Brick intended for pavi
4、ng should be specified under Specifi-cation C902.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section5) of this
5、specification is beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 Brick covered by this specification are manufacturedfrom clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
6、the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of the specification. (See “firing” and “firedbond” in Terminology C1232.)1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units
7、 that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 The text of this specification references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.2. Refer
8、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE835/E835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clay andConcrete Masonry Units3. Grades3.1 Two grades of t
9、hin veneer brick units are covered forexposure conditions to weather and are defined in Table 1 asInterior and Exterior.4. Types4.1 Three types of thin veneer brick units are covered asfollows:4.1.1 Type TBS (Standard)Thin veneer brick for generaluse in masonry.4.1.2 Type TBX (Select)Thin veneer bri
10、ck for general usein masonry where a higher degree of precision and lowerpermissible variation in size than permitted for Type TBS isrequired.4.1.3 Type TBA (Architectural)Thin veneer brick for gen-eral use in masonry selected to produce characteristic architec-tural effects resulting from nonunifor
11、mity in size and texture ofthe individual units.4.2 When the type is not specified, the requirements forType TBS will govern.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityThe thin veneer brick shall conform to thephysical requirements in Table 1 for the grade specified. Whenthe grade is not specified, the req
12、uirements for Grade Exteriorshall govern. If the water absorption of each unit is less than8.0 % after submersion in cold water for 24 h, the requirementsfor saturation coefficient shall be waived. If exterior or interiorgrade thin veneer brick are intended for use on interiors only,the requirements
13、 for water absorption (5-h boiling) and forsaturation coefficient for interior grade in Table 1 shall govern.NOTE 2Aminimum compressive strength requirement is not includedin combination with other physical property requirements as an indicatorof freeze/thaw durability. The geometry of the thin bric
14、k units maypreclude proper testing and can affect the failure mode attained. Thus,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1,
15、 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1088 09. DOI:10.1520/C1088-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor
16、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Spressive strength test results may not be a true indi
17、cator of unitfreeze-thaw performance or fired bond.5.2 Freezing and ThawingThe requirements specified in5.1 for water absorption (5-h boiling) and saturation coefficientshall be waived provided a sample of 5 typical exterior gradethin veneer brick, meeting all other requirements, complieswith the fo
18、llowing requirements when subjected to 50 cycles ofthe freezing-and-thawing test:5.2.1 Grade Exterior: Breakage and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss greater than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.5.2.2 Grade Exterior: Cracking RequirementNo
19、indi-vidual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the unitsleast face dimension.5.3 Low Weathering Index AlternativeIf the thin brick areintended for use exposed to weather where the weatheringindex is less than 50 (see Fig. 1), and unless otherwisespecified, the requirements given in Table
20、 1 for grade interiorshall apply.NOTE 3The effect of weathering on thin brick is related to theweathering index, which for any locality is the product of the averageannual number of freezing cycle days and the average annual winterrainfall in inches (millimetres), defined as follows.A freezing cycle
21、 day is any day during which the air temperature passeseither above or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezing cycledays in a year may be taken to equal the difference between the meannumber of days during which the minimum temperature was 32F (0C)or below, and the mean number of days during
22、which the maximumtemperature was 32F (0C) or below.Winter rainfall is the sum in inches (millimetres) of the mean monthlycorrected precipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between andincluding the normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normaldate of the last killing f
23、rost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any periodis equal to the total precipitation less one tenth of the total fall of snow,TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsDesignationMaximum WaterAbsorption by 5-hBoiling, %MaximumSaturationCoefficientAAverageof 5 unitsIndividualAverageof 5 unitsIndividualGrade
24、Exterior 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80Grade Interior 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90AThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in coldwater to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.Grade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering Index (Note 3)Lessthan 5050 andgreaterIn verti
25、cal surfaces:In contact with earth MW SWNot in contact with earth MW SWIn other than vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW SWNot in contact with earth MW SWFIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesC1088 09a2sleet, and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.6. Efflorescence6.1
26、Brick are not required to be tested for efflorescence tocomply with this specification unless requested by the specifieror purchaser. When the efflorescence test is requested by thespecifier or purchaser, the brick shall be sampled at the place ofmanufacture, and tested in accordance with Test Metho
27、ds C67,and a rating for efflorescence shall be “not effloresced.” If therating for efflorescence is “effloresced,” the brick representedby the testing do not meet the efflorescence requirements ofthis specification.7. Material, Finish, and Manufacturer Limitation7.1 Units shall not show surface defe
28、cts and deficiencies,nor effects of surface treatments including coating in themanufacturing process, that interfere with installation of thebrick or significantly impair the performance of the construc-tion.7.2 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-ganic coatings to the faces of the t
29、hin veneer brick arepermitted if approved by the purchaser, provided that evidenceis furnished of the durability of the coatings.7.3 Face or Faces:7.3.1 The face or faces that will be exposed in place shall befree of chips that exceed the limits given in Table 2. Theaggregate length of chips shall n
30、ot exceed 10 % of theperimeter of the face or faces of the thin veneer brick.7.3.2 The face or faces shall not contain cracks or otherimperfections that detract from the appearance of the desig-nated sample when viewed from a distance of 15 ft (4.6 m) forType TBX and a distance of 20 ft (6.1 m) for
31、Types TBS andTBA.7.4 The number of thin veneer brick in a delivery that arebroken or otherwise fail to meet the requirements for chippageand tolerances shall not exceed 5 %.7.5 After thin veneer brick are installed, the manufacturer orthe manufacturers agent shall not be held responsible forcomplian
32、ce of thin veneer brick with the requirements of thisspecification for chippage and tolerances.8. Color and Texture8.1 If brick having a particular color, color range, or textureare desired, these features shall be specified separately by thepurchaser. The texture of the finished surfaces that will
33、beexposed when in place shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not less than four typical stretcher thin veneerbrick, each representing the desired texture. The color rangeshall be indicated by the approved sample.9. Size and Tolerances9.1 SizeThe face size of thin veneer brick shall be as
34、specified by the purchaser. In a representative sample of tenunits selected to include the extreme range of color anddimensions of thin veneer brick to be supplied for each size andcolor combination in the purchase order, no thin brick shalldepart from the specified size by more than the individualt
35、olerance for the type specified as prescribed in Table 3.Tolerances on dimensions for Type TBA shall be as specifiedby the purchaser.NOTE 4For a list of modular sizes see Guide E835/E835M. Sizeslisted in this standard are not produced in all parts of the United States.Brick names denoting sizes may
36、be regional and therefore may not beincluded in all reference books. Purchasers should ascertain the size ofbrick available in their locality and should specify accordingly, stating thedesired dimensions (width by height by length).9.2 WarpageTolerances for distortion or warpage of faceor edges of i
37、ndividual units from a plane surface shall notexceed the maximum for the type specified as prescribed inTable 4. Tolerances on distortion for Type TBA shall be asspecified by the purchaser.10. Sampling and Testing10.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Tes
38、t Methods C67.10.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection shall be designatedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 5Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: if the results of the test
39、 show that brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically borne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.TABLE 2 Maximum Permissible Extent of C
40、hippage from the Edges and Corners of Finished Face or Faces onto the SurfaceTypePercentageAllowedAChippage in in. (mm) in fromPercentageAllowedAChippage in in. (mm) in fromEdge Corner Edge CornerTBX 5 % or less18 to14(3.2 to 6.4)14 to38(6.4 to 9.5)95 to 100 % 0 to18(0 to 3.2)0to14(0 to 6.4)TBS (for
41、med)B10 % or less14 to516(6.4 to 7.9)38 to12(9.5 to 12.7)90 to 100 % 0 to14(0 to 6.4)0to38(0 to 9.5)TBS (altered)C15 % or less516 to716(7.9 to 11.1)12 to34(12.7 to 19.1)85 to 100 % 0 to516(0 to 7.9)0to12(0 to 12.7)TBA as specified by the purchaser as specified by the purchaserAPercentage of exposed
42、brick allowed in the wall with chips measured the listed dimensions in from an edge or corner.BFormed units are extruded brick with an unbroken natural die finish face.CAltered units are extruded brick with the face sanded, combed, scratched, scarified, or broken by mechanical means such as wire-cut
43、ting or wire brushing, or aremolded brick.C1088 09a3SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1088 09) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2009.)(1) Sections 1.3 and 2.1 were changed to reference C12
44、32instead of C43.(2) Note 2 on omission of compressive strength requirementwas added.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1088 07a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Jan. 1, 2009.)(1) The breakage endpoint for Grade Ex
45、terior in 5.2 was set ata quantifiable percentage of dry weight.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suc
46、h patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invite
47、d either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a
48、fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this
49、standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 3 Tolerances on DimensionsASpecified Dimension,in. (mm)Maximum PermissibleVariation from SpecifiedDimension, 6in. (mm)Type TBX Type TBS3 (76) and under116 (1.6)332 (2.4)Over 3 to 4 (76 to 102) incl332 (2.4)18 (3.2)Over 4 to 6
