1、Designation: C 1123 90 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forCompressibility and Recovery of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 7.1 to 1.4 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulki
3、ngfactor of spinning grade fiber. These include grade 4A andlonger.21.2 Results obtained on other grades may be considered asan evaluation of their bulk fiber resilience.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 W
4、arningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the
5、 safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”31.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardwarning, see 1.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D 2590 Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD 2946 Terminology Relating to AbestosD 3879 Test Method for S
7、ampling Amphibole AsbestosE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Terms relating to asbestos are found inTerminology D 2946.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The height of a weighed specimen obtained in compli-ance with sampling Test Method
8、s D 2590 or D 3879 is deter-mined under a heavy ram in a graduated cylinder. The ram isthen removed and the height of the specimen is again mea-sured. Measurements are repeated until no change is noted inthe readings.4.2 The heights of the specimen under pressure, and afterpressure release, are term
9、ed “compression” and “recovery,”respectively. The percentage difference is reported as “percentrecovery.”5. Significance and Use5.1 The value of compression (as described in 9.5)isproportional to the bulk under moderate pressure.5.2 The value of percent recovery is a measure of springi-ness or bulk
10、fiber resilience.6. Apparatus6.1 Graduated Cylinder and Weighed Ram, as described inFig. 1.NOTE 1The scale shall be calibrated in SI units, and alternatively inother units.7. Hazards7.1 Warningsee 1.4.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 SamplingTake samples in accordance with TestMethod D
11、 2590 in the case of chrysotile asbestos, or TestMethod D 3879 in the case of amphibole asbestos.8.2 Test SpecimensTake two specimens of 113.4 6 0.1 g(46 0.005 oz) each.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibili
12、ty of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 1123 90 (1999).2QAMA standard designation of chrysolite asbestos grades. Available fromAsbe
13、stos Institute, 1130 W. Sherbrooke St., Suite 410, Montreal, QC Canada, H3A2M8.3Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
14、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Procedure9.1 Pour a specimen into the graduated cylinder.NOTE 2It may be advantageous to use a wide-mouth funnel forpourin
15、g the specimen.NOTE 3It may be necessary to obstruct the observation slot in the wallof the graduated cylinder while pouring in the shorter fibered, and themore free-flowing grades of asbestos, to prevent specimen loss. This maybe done by wedging a wooden rod of appropriate thickness and length,into
16、 the slot. Take care that the obstruction does not project inside thecylinder.9.2 Fit the ram and cap assembly into position and simplyallow the ram to compress the specimen under the force ofgravity for 60 s (1 min).9.3 If the observation slot was obstructed during specimenadmission, remove the obs
17、truction. Note the height of thespecimen at the end of the 60 s dwell period to the nearest 0.5mm (6164 in.).NOTE 4It is permissible at this point in the procedure to insert a thinpointer, such as a needle, through the observation slot, and to let this restatop the asbestos surface to facilitate rea
18、ding the scale with precision.9.4 Upon removal of the ram, the height of the specimenmay change. Note this new height, to the same precision.9.5 Repeat the compression cycle until the released mea-surement, and measurements under pressure, become constant.Record these measurements as recovery and co
19、mpression,respectively.9.6 Repeat 9.1-9.5 for the second specimen.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate percent recovery as follows:Percent Recovery 5Recovery 2 Compression!3100/Compression(1)10.2 Calculate the average compression and the averagepercent recovery for both specimens and determine the devia-ti
20、on from the average in each case.11. Report11.1 Fully identify the sample as to designation and origin.11.2 Report average compression for the two acceptablespecimens to 6 0.5 mm (6164 in.).11.3 Record the average of two concordant results andreport the percent recovery to the nearest 0.5 %.12. Prec
21、ision and Bias12.1 Acceptable ResultsIf the deviation for either deter-mination from the average result exceeds 5 %, then testadditional specimens until a pair of specimens meet thesecriteria, and accept only the latter.12.2 Precision:12.2.1 Based upon a study carried out in 1972 at onelaboratory on
22、 spinning grades only, the following measures ofprecision were established, as defined in Practice E 177.12.2.1.1 Repeatability, meaning single-laboratory-apparatusmulti-operator-day precision, was established at 28.1 % (rela-tive difference two-sigma limits in percent (RD2S%) forpercent recovery ov
23、er the range from 8 to 14 % recovery.12.2.1.2 Repeatability was 3.43 % (relative difference two-sigma limits in percent (RD2S%) for compression over therange from 79 to 104 mm (3664 to 4764 in.) of compression.12.3 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias can be madesince the true values cannot be e
24、stablished by an acceptedreferee method.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos; bulk resilience; bulking factor; compressibil-ity; compressibility and recovery; recovery; resilience; springi-nessFIG. 1 Compressibility and Recovery ApparatusC 1123 90 (2004)e12ASTM International takes no position respecting the va
25、lidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is su
26、bject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headqu
27、arters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stand
28、ard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1123 90 (2004)e13
