1、Designation: C1433 14C1433 15Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast m
3、onolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the companion to SI Specification C1433M; therefore, no SI equivalents are shown in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is primar
4、ily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the instal
5、lation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that proper correlation of the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified, and provision forinspection at the construction
6、site, are required.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Defor
7、med and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC309
8、Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating t
9、o Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint SealantsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteC1602/C1602M
10、 Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets2.2 AASHTO Standard:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges3. Terminol
11、ogy3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Curre
12、nt edition approved Feb. 1, 2014April 1, 2015. Published February 2014April 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asC1433 13b.C1433 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1433-14.10.1520/C1433-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
13、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20
14、001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior
15、 editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box
16、sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Table 1 and Table 2, and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be deter
17、mined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection of thefinished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specifica
18、tion.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requireme
19、nts for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall confor
20、m to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in c
21、oncrete shall beone of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash.6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground
22、granulated blast-furnace slag,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except tha
23、t the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shall be allowed to be used with the approval of the purchaser.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential rei
24、nforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, referto 11.6 if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 60, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcement are tobe submitted for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinf
25、orcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to either Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60, or SpecificationA706/A706M, Grade 60.6.6 Synthetic FibersThe manufacturer is not prohibited from using collated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fib
26、ers in precastbox culverts as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically foruse in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.6.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potabl
27、e or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Ta
28、ble 1 sections are designed for combinedearth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions when the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven
29、in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs that differ
30、 from the designs in Section 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown in Tables1 and 2. When spans are required that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shall be based on the criteria givenin Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have
31、 adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9 ofAASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).C1433 152NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than th
32、ose used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in the box arelarger than those the box will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherloads
33、 induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in., subject to theprovisions of Section 11. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the t
34、ongue portion of the joint and the outsidecircumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end circumferential wiresshall be not less than 12 in. nor more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing
35、 anycombination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not be separated by more than thethickness of one longitudinal wire plus 14 in. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All otherFIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsFIG. 2 Section A-
36、A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementC1433 153specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box section shall apply to this methodof fabricating a reinforcement cage. A common reinforcement unit may be utilized for
37、 both As2 or (or As3) and As4, and also forboth As7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners and waiving theextension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 4). When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel areas is used for As2 (or As3
38、)and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmeeting the spacing requirements of 7.4
39、 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the box section tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of the
40、 longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential rein
41、forcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wiresplus 2 in. but not less than 10 in. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welded splices a
42、re not prohibitedin the connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). Ifwelds are made to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than18 in. apart along the lon
43、gitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, they shall bewelded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except it is notprohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connect
44、ed by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No welds shallbe made toAs2 orAs3 circumferential wires in the middle third of the span. (See Fig. 9 for welding restrictions.) When distributionreinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only n
45、ear the ends of thebox section. If welds are made to Grade 60 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall be used.FIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement ArrangementC1433 154The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be
46、 less than 2 in. nor more than 4 in. The spacing center to centerof the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 8 in.8. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall be produced with tongue and groove ends. The ends shall be of suchdesign and the ends of the box sections so formed t
47、hat the sections can be laid together to make a continuous line of box sectionscompatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.FIG. 6 Detail OptionFIG. 7 Alternate DetailFIG. 8 Alternate DetailC1433 1558.2 Joints shallmay conform to the requirements of either Specification C990 or , S
48、pecification C1677. , or other establishedjoint type as approved by the owner including, but not limited to, mortar, sealant, or fabric-wrapped joints. For joints conformingto Specification C1677, the elastomeric (gasket) material shall conform togasket shall be in accordance with Specification C161
49、9Class C requirements. Gaskets which require oil resistant propertiesrequirements or for oil-resistant properties, the gasket shallmeet Class D requirements.8.3 Outer cage circumferential reinforcement as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 shall be placed in the top and bottom slabs at the grooveportion of the joint whenAs1 is not continuous over the span. The minimum area of such reinforcement in square inches per linearfoot of box section length shall be the same as the areas specified for As4 in Tables 1 and 2.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be
