1、Designation: C 1622/C 1622M 06Standard Specification forCold-Weather Admixture Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1622/C 1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixture sys-tems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when thetemperature of the concre
3、te immediately after placement willbe as low as 23.0 F -5.0 C.1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weatheradmixture system with suitable materials as described in11.1-11.3 or with materials proposed for specific work (See11.5). Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shallb
4、e made using suitable concreting materials as described in11.1-11.3.NOTE 1Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the con-creting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence pro-posed for the specific work (See 11.5) because the time of setting,compressive strength gain, and o
5、ther properties may vary.1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.1.3.1 Level 1During the initial approval stage, proof ofcompliance with the performance requirements defined inTable 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture systemmeets the requirements of this specification. Uni
6、formity andequivalence tests (See Section 6) shall be carried out to provideresults against which later comparisons can be made.1.3.2 Level 2Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1,and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table1 demonstrates conformity of the admixture system wit
7、h therequirements of this specification.1.3.3 Level 3For acceptance of a lot or for measuringuniformity within or between lots, when specified by thepurchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section 6)shall be used.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded
8、 separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system arenot exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.5 The text of th
9、is standard references notes and footnotes,which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the testmethods portion, Sections 11-18, of this s
10、pecification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. WARNING
11、Fresh hydraulic cementitiousmixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 125 Termino
12、logy Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for P
13、ortland CementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of F
14、reshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration Resistance1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates a
15、nd is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1622/C 1622M 05.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregates and Concrete Testi
16、ng,Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Ch
17、anges section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and T
18、hawingC 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 1231/C 1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps inDetermination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Con-crete CylindersD 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:4ACI 211.1
19、Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cold-weather admixture system, nan admixtur
20、e orgroup of admixtures that depresses the freezing point of mixingwater and increases the hydration rate of cement in concrete.3.2.2 control concrete mixture, na concrete mixture with-out the cold-weather admixture system.3.2.3 dummy concrete specimen, nadditional concretespecimen instrumented with
21、 a temperature sensing device toestimate the temperature of test concrete specimens.3.2.4 replicate concrete specimen, nadditional time-of-setting specimen exposed to the same temperature regimen asthe test concrete specimen.3.2.5 test concrete mixture, na concrete mixture with thecold weather admix
22、ture system.4. Apparatus4.1 Low Temperature EnvironmentA chamber of suffi-cient size to subject the test specimens to the specified lowtemperature and that allows access for laboratory personnel toconduct appropriate tests. The chamber or chambers shall becapable of cooling numerous specimens from t
23、heir initialtemperature to 23.0 6 2.0 F -5.0 6 1 C within the specifiedelapsed time and maintain them at that temperature for thespecified time period.4.2 Temperature Measuring EquipmentThe temperaturemeasuring equipment shall be capable of measuring andrecording the temperature at the center of the
24、 dummy speci-mens to 6 2.0 F 6 1.0 C at least every12 h for 7 days.4.3 ToolsMolds and tools for preparing test specimens asdescribed in Practice C 192/C 192M. Molds shall have lids toprovide for sealed conditions.5. General Requirements5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, the con-cret
25、e shall be tested with the cold-weather admixture systemfor conformance with the requirements in Table 1.5.2 The purchaser is permitted to require limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture system to speci-fication requirements. The limited retesting includes measure-ments of ph
26、ysical and performance properties of the admixturesystem as described in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.5.2.1 The physical properties retesting consists of unifor-mity and equivalence tests of the admixture system for infraredabsorption spectrum and relative density.5.2.2 The performance properties retesting consi
27、sts of timeof initial setting and compressive strength of concrete at 7 and28 days. Purchasers having special requirements are permittedto require additional tests.5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture system supplied for use inthe work is equ
28、ivalent in all essential respects, includingconcentration, to the admixture system tested under thisspecification.5.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing the chloride content of the admixture system.5.5 Tests for uniformity and equivalence, as indicated inSection
29、6, shall be made on the initial sample and the resultsretained for reference and comparison with the results ofsamples taken elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots ofadmixture supplied to the work.6. Uniformity and Equivalence Tests6.1 When specified by the purchaser, the uniformity of a lot,or
30、 equivalence of multiple lots from the same source shall beestablished by the following requirements:6.1.1 Infrared AnalysisThe absorption spectra of the ini-tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified in Section4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonH
31、ills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.TABLE 1 Performance Requirementsfor Cold-Weather AdmixtureATime of Initial Setting,maximum % of controlB200Compressive Strength.minimum % of controlC7 daysD4028 days 8090 days 90Length Change, Maximum Shrinkage(alternative requirements)EPercent of ControlB1
32、35Increase over control, percentage points 0.010Relative Durability Factor,Minimum % of controlF80AThe values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test resultsBAs an example, in the case of initial time of setting, if the control mixture has aset time of 4.0 hrs, the test specimens
33、 can have a set time up to 8.0 hrs. For lengthchange, if the control specimen shrinks X units, the test specimen is allowed toshrink up to 1.35X.CThe compressive strength of the concrete containing the cold-weather admix-ture shall not be less than 90 % of that attained at the previous test age. The
34、objective of this limit is to require that the compressive strength of the cold-weatheradmixture concrete shall not decrease with age.DBecause the test specimens will be cool and damp for the 7d compressive test,it will be necessary to use unbonded caps as described in Practice C 1231/C 1231M.EAlter
35、native requirements, see 17.1.2: Percent of control applies when shrink-age of control concrete is 0.030 % or greater; the increase over control limit applieswhen shrinkage of control concrete is 0.030 % or less.FThis requirement is applicable only when the cold-weather admixture is to beused in air
36、-entrained concrete that may be exposed to freezing and thawing whilewet.C 1622/C 1622M 06218, shall exhibit the same pattern of absorption bands in termsof frequency and intensity.6.1.2 Relative Density (Liquid Admixture)When tested asspecified in Section 18, the relative density (specific gravity)
37、 ofsubsequent test samples shall not differ from the relativedensity of the initial sample by more than 10 % of thedifference between the relative density of the initial sample andreagent water at the same temperature. Reagent water conform-ing to Specification D 1193, Type III or IV, and prepared b
38、ydistillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or a combination ofthese procedures, is acceptable (See Note 2).6.2 When the nature of the admixture system or analyticalcapability of the purchaser make these procedures unsuitable,other requirements for uniformity and equivalence from lot tolot or with
39、in a lot shall be established by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer.NOTE 2Oven drying methods are not appropriate for measuring theoven-dried residue content for cold-weather admixture system becausewater, present in the form of bound water of hydration, is released slowlyupon dryin
40、g, and can often lead to highly variable results. Relative densityis an acceptable indication of lot-to-lot uniformity.7. Packaging and Marking7.1 When the cold-weather admixture system is delivered inpackages or containers, the proprietary name of the individualadmixtures in the system, the designa
41、tion of this specification,and the net mass or volume shall be plainly marked thereon.Similar information shall be provided in the shipping informa-tion accompanying packages or bulk shipments of admixture.8. Storage8.1 Store the cold-weather admixture system to permit easyaccess for proper inspecti
42、on and identification of each ship-ment, and in a suitable building that will protect the admixturefrom moisture absorption if it is a dry admixture or fromfreezing if it is a liquid admixture.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 Every facility shall be provided to the purchaser forsampling and inspection, ei
43、ther at the point of manufacture orat the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.9.2 Samples shall be either “grab” or “composite” samplesas specified by this specification.Agrab sample is one obtainedin a single operation. A composite sample is one obtained bycombining three or more grab s
44、amples.9.3 For the purpose of this specification, it is recognized thatsamples will be taken for two reasons:9.3.1 Compliance TestsA sample taken for evaluatingcompliance of a source or lot of cold-weather admixturesystem shall meet the applicable requirements of this specifi-cation. Samples used to
45、 determine conformance with thisspecification shall be composites of grab samples taken fromdifferent locations so that the composite sample will berepresentative of the lot.9.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence TestsWhen specifiedby the purchaser, a sample taken for evaluating the uniformityof a single
46、lot or equivalence of multiple lots from one sourceshall be tested as provided in Section 6. When uniformity of asingle lot is being determined, grab samples shall be used.When uniformity of multiple lots from the same source is beingdetermined, composite samples from individual lots shall beused.9.
47、4 Liquid AdmixturesLiquid admixtures shall be agitatedimmediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken for qualityor uniformity tests shall represent a unit shipment or a singleproduction lot. Each grab sample shall be at least 1 qt 1 L. Atleast three grab samples of equal portions shall be taken.C
48、omposite samples shall be prepared by mixing the grabsamples and the resultant mixture shall provide at least 3 qt 3L for compliance tests. Grab samples shall be taken fromdifferent locations distributed throughout the quantity to berepresented.9.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampled
49、equally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weightedsampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed afterthe bottle is lowered to the desired depth.9.4.2 Samples shall be stored in impermeable containersthat are resistant to attack by the admixture.9.5 Nonliquid AdmixturesGrab samples taken for compli-ance or uniformity tests shall be at least 2 lb 1kg.At least fourgrab samples of equal portions shall be taken from not morethan 2 tons 2 Mg of admixture. Prepare composi
