1、Designation: C1712 14Standard Test Method forRapid Assessment of Static Segregation Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Penetration Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the rapid assessment of staticsegregation resistance of
3、normal-weight self-consolidatingconcrete (SCC). The test does not measure static segregationresistance directly, but provides an assessment of whetherstatic segregation is likely to occur.1.2 The test apparatus and protocol were developed basedon tests with SCC mixtures containing saturated surface
4、dry(SSD) coarse aggregates ranging in relative density from 2.67to 2.79 and in nominal maximum size from 9.5 mm to 25 mm.For SCC mixtures outside these ranges, testing is recom-mended to establish a correlation between penetration depthand static segregation measured in accordance with TestMethod C1
5、610/C1610M. This test method shall not be used toassess the static segregation resistance of self-consolidatingconcrete containing lightweight aggregates or heavyweightaggregates without prior testing to establish a correlation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No othe
6、r units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotesshall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
7、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns t
8、o skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of F
9、reshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete3.
10、 Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 static segregation resistance, nresistance of a con-crete mixture to segregation of the mortar component from thecoarse aggregate whi
11、le the concrete is at rest and before initialsetting.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a penetration apparatus (shown inFigs. 1 and 2) and an inverted slump mold (Fig. 3). A sampleof freshly mixed self-consolidating concrete is placed in aninverted slump mold without tamping or vibr
12、ation. The hollowcylinder attached to a metal rod is aligned in the center of theinverted slump mold as shown in Fig. 3. The hollow cylinderis then lowered onto the surface of the concrete and released tofreely penetrate into the fresh concrete. The penetration depth1This test method is under the ju
13、risdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.47 on Self-Consolidating Concrete.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1712 09. DOI:1
14、0.1520/C1712/C1712M-14.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(Pd) is determined and used to assess the st
16、atic segregationresistance of the self-consolidating concrete mixture (1-5).45. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is for the rapid assessment of the staticsegregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete.4The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis
17、 standard.FIG. 1 Dimension of Penetration ApparatusFIG. 2 Penetration ApparatusC1712 1425.2 The method is useful for rapid assessment of the staticsegregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete duringmixture development in the laboratory as well as prior toplacement of the mixture in the fiel
18、d. Test Method C1610/C1610M for static segregation of SCC is not sufficiently rapid,and the non-mandatory Visual Stability Index as determinedthrough the procedure described in Appendix X1 of TestMethod C1611/C1611M is highly subjective and qualitative.5.3 Appendix X1 provides non-mandatory criteria
19、 that maybe used to indicate the degree of static segregation resistance ofself-consolidating concrete mixtures.6. Apparatus6.1 MoldThe slump mold is used in this test method andshall conform to Test Method C143/C143M.6.2 Penetration ApparatusThe penetration apparatus,shown in Fig. 1, consists of a
20、support frame, a metal sleeve, aset screw, a penetration head and a reading scale. The penetra-tion head, consisting of a non-corrosive hollow cylinder and ametal rod, has a mass of 45 6 1 g. The rod is bolted verticallyinto the center of the top of the hollow cylinder and acts as aunit with the cyl
21、inder. The inner diameter, wall thickness, andheight of the hollow cylinder are 75 6 1 mm, 1.5 6 0.1 mm,and 50 6 1 mm, respectively. Holes are symmetrically drilledon the top surface of the hollow cylinder to allow air to escapeduring the penetration test. At least two holes with a minimumdiameter o
22、f 6 mm must be provided (see Note 1). The readingscale shall be 55 mm long and marked in 1 mm increments.The scale is mounted on the support frame and adjacent to themetal rod, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. With both the supportframe and the hollow cylinder resting on a flat surface, the topof the meta
23、l rod shall be 5 mm below the top of the readingscale (see Note 2). The diameter of the metal rod shall be 4.56 0.5 mm. The inner diameter of the metal sleeve shall be 0.76 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the metal rod to minimizefriction as the rod slides.NOTE 1The number and size of the holes m
24、ay be chosen to be greaterthan the minimum stated in 6.2 to achieve the required mass (45 6 1g)of the penetration head. The hollow cylinder shown in Fig. 2 is made ofPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and has six holes on the top surface; each holehas a diameter of approximately 10 mm.NOTE 2This enables the t
25、op of the metal rod to be used as the markfor taking both the initial and final readings since it will always lie withinthe range of the reading scale when the surface of the concrete in the moldis properly leveled (see 8.5).6.3 Base Plate (Optional)As described in Test MethodC1611/C1611M.6.4 Strike
26、-off BarAs described in Test Method C173/C173M.6.5 Sample ReceptacleA pan or wheelbarrow that iswater-tight, has a nonabsorbent surface, and is large enough toallow both remixing of the entire sample and retain a volumeof concrete sufficient to fill the mold.6.6 Pouring Vessel for SCCAwater-tight co
27、ntainer havinga volume such that concrete is not spilled during placement inthe mold.NOTE 3A pouring vessel with a pouring lip is useful in reducing theprobability of concrete spilling while filling the mold.6.7 Other ToolsItems such as shovels and scoops capableof remixing the concrete in the sampl
28、e receptacle, filling thepouring vessel, or both.7. Sample7.1 Obtain a sample of freshly mixed self-consolidatingconcrete in accordance with Practice C172 or Practice C192/C192M, and place it in the sample receptacle.FIG. 3 Penetration TestC1712 1438. Procedure8.1 Perform this test on a flat, level,
29、 nonabsorbent worksurface such as a concrete floor or base plate. Use a base platein conditions where a flat, level surface is not available, such ason a construction site. When the base plate is used, position andshim the base plate so that it is fully supported. Dampen thework surface, removing an
30、y standing water. Do not subject thework surface or mold to vibration or disturbance.8.2 Conditioning the Penetration ApparatusDampen thehollow cylinder, then hold the apparatus in the horizontalposition and release the set screw. Spin the penetration head toensure that the space between the metal s
31、leeve and the metalrod is free of any obstruction. Tighten the screw softly to holdthe rod in the sleeve.8.3 Remixing of SampleRemix the sample, obtained inaccordance with 7.1, in the sample receptacle using a shovel orscoop so that the concrete is homogeneous.8.4 Dampen the interior of the mold and
32、 place it on the worksurface, or centered on the base plate, with the smaller openingfacing down.8.5 Fill Pouring VesselImmediately fill the pouring vesselwith a portion of SCC from the sample receptacle, either bypassing the pouring vessel through the concrete or by scoopingconcrete into the vessel
33、.8.6 Filling ProcedureImmediately fill the mold with SCCby tilting the pouring vessel. Position the lowest point on therim of the pouring vessel no more than 125 mm above the topof the mold. Ensure an even distribution of concrete, withoutrodding the concrete or tapping the sides of the mold, whilef
34、illing the mold.8.7 If necessary, repeat the procedures in 8.5 and 8.6 untilthe mold is filled slightly above its rim.8.8 Strike OffStrike off the surface of the concrete with thestrike-off bar. Allow the concrete to stabilize for 80 6 5 s afterfinishing strike-off before measuring the penetration.8
35、.9 Positioning the Penetration ApparatusWhile the con-crete is stabilizing, place the penetration apparatus on the topof the inverted slump mold, making sure that the hollowcylinder is aligned in the center of the inverted mold (see Fig.3 and Note 4).NOTE 4Aligning the corners of the frame approxima
36、tely on thecircumference of the slump mold will ensure alignment of the hollowcylinder in the center of the mold.8.10 Measuring the Penetration Depth (Pd):8.10.1 Initial ReadingHold the metal rod attached to thehollow cylinder with one hand and release the set screw. Lowerthe hollow cylinder careful
37、ly so that it just touches the surfaceof the concrete. Tighten the screw and take the initial readingon the reading scale at the mark that is in line with the top ofthe metal rod.8.10.2 Final ReadingAt the end of the period over whichthe concrete is allowed to stabilize (80 6 5 s after completionof
38、strike-off), release the set screw so that the hollow cylinderfreely penetrates the fresh concrete. Wait for 30 6 2 s afterreleasing the set screw and take the final reading on the readingscale at the mark that is in line with the top of the metal rod.After taking the reading, remove the penetration
39、 apparatus.Between uses, wash the penetration apparatus and remove anyfree water on the surfaces of the hollow cylinder and the metalrod with a cloth or paper towel.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the penetration depth, Pd, according to thefollowing equation:Pd 5 d22 d1(1)where:d1= initial reading (mm),
40、 andd2= final reading (mm).10. Report10.1 Concrete mixture designation.10.2 The penetration depth (Pd) to the nearest 1 mm.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe estimation of the precision of this testmethod is provisional. Repeatability standard deviations weredetermined on five replicate batches
41、 of SCC mixtures at eachof four levels of mean penetration depth (5). At a meanpenetration depth of 3 mm, the repeatability standard deviationwas 1 mm; at a mean penetration depth of 13 mm, therepeatability standard deviation was 2 mm; and at meanpenetration depths of 23 mm and 30 mm, the repeatabil
42、itystandard deviation was 3 mm. The differences in repeatabilitystandard deviation are small over the range of mean penetrationdepths of 3 to 30 mm. The average repeatability standarddeviation over this range of mean penetration depths is 2 mm.11.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the values
43、determined can only be defined in terms of the test method.12. Keywords12.1 penetration depth; penetration test; rapid test; segrega-tion; self-consolidating concrete; stability; static segregationresistanceC1712 144APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DEGREE OF STATIC SEGREGATION RESISTANCE OF CON
44、CRETE MIXTURESX1.1 The criteria for the different degrees of static segrega-tion resistance are provided in Table X1.1 and are based onevaluations of SCC mixtures with nominal maximum aggre-gate sizes in the range of 9.5 to 25 mm. These criteria weredeveloped through a correlation between penetratio
45、n depth andstatic segregation measured in accordance with Test MethodC1610/C1610M (1-5).TABLE X1.1 Degree of Static Segregation ResistanceAPenetration depth (Pd) Degree of static segregationresistancePd # 10 mm Resistant10 mm Pd 25 mm Moderately resistantPd $ 25 mm Not resistantAThese criteria were
46、developed based on use of the penetration apparatus with aninverted slump mold and are valid for SCC mixtures with a total aggregate volumefraction of less than 65 %. The criteria may be different if a sample container otherthan the inverted slump mold is used.C1712 145REFERENCES(1) Bui V., Attiogbe
47、, E., Vojtko, D., Schaef S., and See H., “A Rapid Testfor Segregation Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete,”NRMCAConcrete Technology Forum, Dallas, Texas, USA, May 2224, 2007.(2) Bui, V., Montgomery, D., Hinczak, I., and Turner, K., “Rapid TestingMethod for Segregation Resistance of Self-Compac
48、ting Concrete,”Cement and Concrete Research Journal, Vol 32, No. 9, 2002, pp.14891496.(3) Bui, V., and Shah, S. P., “Rapid Methods for Testing Quality ofSelf-Consolidating Concrete,”Proceedings of First North AmericanConference on the Design and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete,Chicago, USA, Novem
49、ber 1213, 2002, pp. 311316.(4) Bui, V., Montgomery, D., Hinczak, I., and Turner, K., “Rapid TestingMethods for Segregation Resistance and Filling Ability of Self-Compacting Concrete,” Proceedings of the Fourth CANMET/ACI/JCIInternational Conference on Recent Advances in ConcreteTechnology, Tokushima, Japan, SP 179-6, 1998 , Ed. V. M. Malhotra,pp. 85103.(5) Bui, V., and Attiogbe, E., “A Rapid Evaluation of Stability ofSelf-Consolidating Concrete,” Proceedings of Third North AmericanConference on the Design and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete,Chica
