1、Designation: C1848 17Standard Practice forInstallation of High-Pressure Spray Polyurethane FoamInsulation for the Building Enclosure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the installation of high-pressurespray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulat
3、ion for buildingenclosure assemblies including: walls, ceilings, attics, floors,and crawl spaces. This practice does not apply to SPF usedstrictly as a component for an air barrier system or for SPFused in roofing applications.1.2 Building design criteria and selection of SPF are beyondthe scope of
4、this practice.1.3 The use of SPF insulation covered by this practice istypically regulated by building codes or other agencies thataddress fire performance. Where required the fire performanceof the material shall be addressed through standard fire testmethods established by the appropriate governin
5、g documents.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
6、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationD4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet MethodD4449 Te
7、st Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPortable Adhesion TestersD5469 Guide for Application of New Spray Applied Poly-urethane Foam and Coated Roofing SystemsD6226 Test Method for Open Cell
8、Content of Rigid CellularPlasticsD7425 Specification for Spray Polyurethane Foam Used forRoofing Applications2.2 European Standard:3EN 14315-2:2013 Thermal insulating products for buildings- In-situ formed sprayed rigid polyurethane (PUR) andpolyisocyanurate (PIR) foam products - Part 2: Specifica-t
9、ion for the installed insulation products2.3 Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC):4SSPC SP 1 Society for Protective Coatings: Solvent Clean-ingSSPC SP 6 Society for Protective Coatings: CommercialBlast Cleaning2.4 Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA):5SPFA-119 Glossary of TermsSPFA-137 Spray Po
10、lyurethane Equipment GuidelinesSPFA-143 Primers: Why, When and How to Use ThemSPFA-148 Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation InstallationCertificate3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 Specific Definitions per SPFA-119:3.2.2 lift, nthe sprayed poly
11、urethane foam resulting frompasses of foam in a specific area, as defined by its thickness andthe area.3.2.3 pass, nthe amount of coating or polyurethane foamapplied by moving the gun from side to side and moving awayfrom fresh material, delineated by its width, length, andthickness.1This practice i
12、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/C1848-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
13、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.4Available
14、 from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 800 Trumbull Dr.,Pittsburgh, PA 15205, http:/www.sspc.org.5Available from Spray Polyurethane FoamAlliance (SPFA), 3927 Old Lee Hwy.#101B, Fairfax, VA 22030, http:/www.sprayfoam.org/.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
15、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade
16、 Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Classifications4.1 Low-Pressure Spray Polyurethane FoamSpray poly-urethane foam where the plural components (A- and B- side)are delivered a pressure of less than 1.72 MPa (250 psi), at arate between 2.3 and 3.2 kg/min (5 and 7 lb/min) whe
17、rein theliquid components are mechanically mixed using a staticmixing nozzle. Components are typically delivered in pressur-ized tanks.4.2 High-Pressure Spray Polyurethane FoamSpray poly-urethane foam where the where the plural components (A- andB- side) are delivered at a pressure between 3.45 and
18、8.96 MPa(500 and 1300 psi), at a rate up to 13.6 kg/min (30 lb/min)wherein the liquid components are aerosolized and impinge-ment mixed outside of the spray gun.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice outlines general procedures that are rec-ommended for correct installation of spray polyurethane f
19、oam(SPF) as an insulation in the building enclosure including;walls, ceilings, attics, floors, crawl spaces, attics and founda-tions.NOTE 1SPF roofing installations are not covered by this document.Users may wish to consult Guide D5469 and Specification D7425.5.2 This practice is not all-inclusive;
20、this practice is in-tended only to supplement detailed instructions frommanufacturers, SPF industry best practices and safety require-ments as may be established by law.6. Substrate Requirements6.1 General Requirements:6.1.1 Installation of SPF in buildings or structures shallconform to the requirem
21、ents of the applicable constructioncodes, regulations and standards as adopted and enforced bythe relevant authority having jurisdiction or local code official.6.1.2 Substrate materials to receive SPF should be physi-cally stable and resistant to movement or excessive flexurerelative to the building
22、 structure.6.1.3 All substrates to receive SPF should be clean, dry andfree of contaminants that may cause poor adhesion of the SPF.NOTE 2If in doubt of the potential adhesion, spray a section of thesubstrate with SPF and test the adhesion in accordance with SPF industryguidelines. An example of a t
23、ypical SPF field adhesion test procedure isprovided in Test Method D4541. To assure proper bonding of SPF to thesubstrate, the failure surface should indicate a cohesive failure of the SPF.6.2 Metal:6.2.1 Primed or coated metal substrates should be free ofdirt, loose scale, rust, weathered or chalke
24、d coatings. Suchsubstrates should be cleaned using suitable means.NOTE 3Suitable means may include, but are not limited to, clean anddry compressed air, vacuum equipment, and hand or power tools.6.2.2 Grease, oil or other contaminants should be removedwith suitable cleaning solutions. An example of
25、a specificationfor solvent cleaning of metal surfaces is provided by SSPC SP1.6.2.3 Fine condensation on some metal substrates may bedifficult to visually detect. Consider using moisture-detectionpaper (cobalt-chloride strips) to check for condensation whenmetal substrate temperatures are close to t
26、he atmospheric dewpoint temperature.6.2.4 Thick metal substrates, such as structural steel andwalls of pressure vessels can act as a heat sink. In these cases,consult manufacturer installation instructions (MII) or contactthe SPF manufacturer.6.2.5 If the cleaned metal substrate does not allow forad
27、equate adhesion of the SPF, primers may be needed andinstalled in accordance with the primer and the SPFMII.Guidance for primer selection can be found in SPFA-143.6.2.5.1 Ferrous MetalSandblasting is recommended foriron and steel surfaces that are not shop primed, painted, orotherwise protected. Rem
28、ove loose rust and unsound primerfrom shop-primed iron and steel surfaces. The sandblasted areashould be primed the same day using an SPF-compatibleprimer. An example of a specification for abrasive blastcleaning procedures and condition of steel surfaces is providedby SSPC SP 6.6.2.5.2 Non-Ferrous
29、MetalSPF Installer should clean andprime all surfaces (if required) as recommended by primer orSPF manufacturer, or both.6.3 Concrete or Masonry:6.3.1 SPF installer should verify the concrete or masonrysurfaces are clean, and free of contaminants that can affectadhesion. Existing concrete should be
30、free of spalling, scaling,loose coatings, efflorescence and other conditions that affectadhesion.6.3.2 SPF Installer should verify the concrete is dry toobtain good adhesion of the primer or SPF, or both. Considerusing Test Method D4263 or other reliable method approvedby the SPF and primer manufact
31、urer to check concrete mois-ture.6.3.3 SPF installer should verify that any newly pouredconcrete has cured before application of SPF or primer.NOTE 4Most new poured concrete requires a 28-day cure time unlessthe concrete is specifically designed for a shorter cure time.6.3.4 Thick concrete substrate
32、s can act as a heat sink. Inthese cases, consult MII or contact the SPF manufacturer.6.3.5 Primer (as may be required) should be applied asrecommended by the primer and SPF manufacturer.6.4 Wood:6.4.1 The SPF installer should verify the wood surface isclean, dry and free of contaminants that can aff
33、ect adhesion.6.4.2 Wood substrates should typically have a surface mois-ture content no greater than 18 % as measured in accordancewith Test Method D4449. Field measurements may be obtainedwith hand held moisture meters.6.4.3 Treated wood (for insects or water resistance) mayprovide poor adhesion an
34、d should be evaluated for adhesion. Ifa primer is required, it should be applied as recommended bythe primer and SPF manufacturer.6.5 Interior Cladding Board (gypsum board, fiberboard,fiber-reinforced gypsum board, etc.):6.5.1 SPF installer to verify surfaces are clean, dry and freeof contaminants t
35、hat can affect adhesion.C1848 1726.5.2 Primer, if required, shall be applied as recommendedby primer or SPF manufacturer, or both.7. Equipment7.1 SPF shall be metered and mixed through equipmentcapable of providing a fixed volumetric ratio of equal parts ofA-side (isocyanate) and B-side (polyol blen
36、d) chemicals, withan accuracy of 62 % by volume at the temperature rangesspecified by the MII. The A and B side chemicals shall beprovided by a single supplier and designed to work as amatched system. Typical equipment for high-pressure SPFapplication is shown in Fig. 1, and described in detail inSP
37、FA-137.7.2 SPF foam ratio control should be monitored by propor-tioner equipment, which indicates constant pressure and alsoby observing the uniform color and spray pattern of the sprayapplied foam.7.3 SPF equipment shall provide temperature control of theA and B components to within an accuracy of
38、2.8C (5F).8. Installation Personnel8.1 Installation of high-pressure SPF requires training andexperience. All SPF installers should be trained on the properoperation of the equipment and installation of the SPF mate-rials. Training may be provided by manufacturers, distributorsor third-party organiz
39、ations. Certifications or licensingprograms, or both, may be available.9. Safety Requirements9.1 All handling, storage and installation safety precautionsshall be as defined by the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and otherapplicable documents provided by the material supplier.9.2 SPF installers shall confor
40、m to all applicable state, localand federal government regulations and SPF industry bestpractices, including use of appropriate engineering controlsand personal protective equipment during and shortly after SPFinstallation. All personnel inside the designated spray zonemust wear proper personal prot
41、ective equipment. Other tradesmust be kept outside of the spray zone until it is deemed safeto re-enter. Re-entry time should be clearly posted on warningsignage at all entry points to the spray zone.NOTE 5Designated spray zone is a clearly-marked isolated volumethat is properly ventilated during an
42、d shortly after SPF installation.NOTE 6The time to re-enter or re-occupy the spay zone should bespecified by the SPF manufacturer. If this time is not provided by themanufacturer, the time to re-enter or re-occupy the spray zone shall be 24h.9.3 Prior to installation, SPF contractor shall review all
43、safety requirements for SPF installation with building owner,general contractor and other trades.10. Products10.1 Spray Polyurethane FoamThe SPF contractor shouldprocure and install the SPF products as specified in theconstruction documents, architectural specifications or con-tract.FIG. 1 Typical H
44、igh-Pressure SPF EquipmentC1848 17310.2 Labeling and Marking:10.2.1 The SPF contractor should record the names allproducts and their manufacturers used, including lot or batchnumber, or both, and provide this information to the customeron the insulation installation certificate (see 12.3).10.2.2 The
45、 SPF contractor should ensure all liquid compo-nents used for the SPF application are obtained from onemanufacturer as a matched system, and they are within theirshelf life, when applicable.11. Protective Coverings11.1 Depending on specific project requirements, a protec-tive coating or covering may
46、 be needed over the exposed foamsurfaces. For example, building codes may require fire protec-tive coating or covering, or improved durability may require aUV-resistant polymeric coating. The selection and applicationof these materials is beyond the scope of this practice.12. SPF Application Require
47、ments12.1 The SPF liquid components shall be processed inaccordance with the MII for material temperature, pressure,equipment and spray gun configuration.12.2 The SPF shall be installed according to the MII fortemperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions.12.3 Closed Cell SPF:12.3.1 The
48、closed-cell SPF lifts must be applied in athickness of 12.5 mm (12 in.) or greater. Follow the foam MIIregarding maximum lift thickness, as this may vary by product.Before installing another lift, the SPF should be allowed coolbefore a second lift is applied.NOTE 7Many manufacturers specify maximum
49、lift thickness andcooling times between passes to avoid excessive exothermic temperaturesduring foam cure. Internal temperatures of the SPF can be measured witha thermometer or thermocouple. If a maximum pass thickness is notspecified by the MII, use 38 mm (1.5 in.). If a cooling time between liftsis not specified by the MII, wait until the exposed foam surface is within5C (9F) of ambient temperature before a second lift is applied.12.3.2 The SPF should be installed in successive lifts untilthe specified total thickness is achieved.12.4 Open Cell SPFOpen cell
