1、Designation: C520 15Standard Test Methods forDensity of Granular Loose Fill Insulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods are applicable to granular loose filli
3、nsulation materials such as vermiculite and perlite. They areused for other insulation materials with similar flow andsettling properties.1.2 Method A shall be used to determine bulk density.1.3 Method B shall be used to determine design density and,with Method A, is used to calculate percent loss o
4、f volume dueto settling.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Ther
6、mal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation Lots3. Terminology3.1 The definitions of terms used in this method shall be inaccordance with Terminology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bulk densitythe density of the granular material isdete
7、rmined in accordance with Method A. No conditioning isrequired unless specified. The density is determined for thematerial as received. The voids incorporated during the place-ment procedure are included.3.2.2 design densitythe density of the conditioned granu-lar material, determined in accordance
8、with Method B. Thenormal voids incorporated during the placement and subse-quent procedures are included.3.2.3 percent volume lossthe loss in volume between theas received bulk density and the design density determined byinduced settling procedures or specified conditioning, or both,expressed as a p
9、ercent.4. Significance and Use4.1 Method A will be used primarily as a manufacturingquality control and field test method without the need forconditioning. For more accurate research purposes, condition-ing shall be specified.4.2 Method B will be used, when specified, to determine thedensity at whic
10、h insulation properties such as thermal resis-tance and placement coverage are to be determined.5. Apparatus5.1 Bulk Density ContainerA lightweight rigid box withinterior length, width, and depth of 12.0 6 0.1 in. (3.05 6 3mm). Scales or balances with an accuracy of at least1%ofthespecimen weight sh
11、all be used.5.2 Design Density Sample ContainerThe specimen con-tainer shall be made of nominal12 in. (13 mm) thick construc-tion grade plywood and two 48-in. (1220 mm) long sections of,nominal 2 by 8-in. (51 by 203 mm) lumber. The 2 by 8 sectionsof wood and plywood shall be used to provide inside c
12、ontainerdimensions of 14. 5 6 0.1 in. (368 6 3 mm) by 48 6 0.1in. (1.22 m 6 0.003 m) by 7.5 6 0.1 in. (191 mm 6 3 mm).The inside dimensions of the specimen container shall be usedto calculate the volume of the container.5.3 ScreedA suitable piece of wood, metal, or plastic atleast 20 in. (508 mm) lo
13、ng with a thin straight edge suitable forleveling the loose, granular material.5.4 Tapping Hammer and FrameThis shall include astandard 712-lb (3.4 kg) sledge hammer. The total length of thehandle shall be approximately 34 in. (864 mm). A14-in.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
14、ommittee C16 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 onMechanical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C520 04 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/C0520-15.2For referenced
15、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(6-mm) hole is drilled through the handle to provide a pivotpoint 3218 618 in. (816 mm 6 3 mm) from the center line ofthe head of the hammer. The tapping hammer shall be mountedin a moveable frame as shown in Fig. 1.5.5 Blowing Machine, OptionalA blowing machine
17、, ifused, shall be typical of the type of blowing machine recom-mended by the insulation manufacturer and shall be equippedwith 100 ft. (30 m) of the type and diameter of blower hoserecommended by the insulation manufacturer for field instal-lation.6. Sampling6.1 For the purposes of standard tests,
18、sampling shall be inaccordance with Practice C390.7. Conditioning7.1 When specified as a requirement of testing, conditionspecimens for at least 24 h at 50 6 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (23 6 1.1C), and test under the specified conditions.8. Procedure8.1 Method A:8.1.1 Remove approximately one
19、cubic foot of insulation tobe tested from the shipping container in such a way to providea representative distribution of particle size and weight.8.1.2 Fill the bulk density specimen container described in5.1 to overflowing with a shovel or scoop, discharging theinsulation from a height not to exce
20、ed 2 in. (51 mm) above thetop of the container. Take care to prevent, so far as possible,segregation of the particle sizes of which the specimen iscomposed. Level off the surface of the insulation in such a waythat any slight projections of the larger pieces of the coarseinsulation shall approximate
21、ly balance the larger voids in thesurface below the top of the container. Take care not tocompact the specimen.8.1.3 Determine the net weight of the insulation by subtract-ing the weight of the empty container from the weight of thefull container.8.1.4 Using fresh material, repeat the test for a tot
22、al of threetimes.8.1.5 CalculationCalculate bulk density as follows:Bulk density B! 5WV(1)where:W = net weight, lb (kg), andV = volume of container, ft3(m3).8.2 Method B:8.2.1 Weigh test bags of insulation.8.2.2 Place the specimen container on a flat surface. Pourthe material into the container from
23、 a height of not less than 6in. (152 mm) nor more than 24 in. (610 mm) above the top ofthe container in a natural motion and speed normal to that usedin the field. Use the screed to level off the material to the topof the container, being careful not to compress or compact theinsulation.8.2.3 Place
24、the specimen frame and tapping hammer againstthe side of the specimen container, and draw the face of theFIG. 1 Tapping Hammer and FrameC520 152hammer back 12 612 in. from the side of the container. Allowthe hammer to pivot freely into the side of the specimen onetime from each side (repositioning t
25、he frame each time).8.2.4 Refill the specimen container by adding additionalinsulation and leveling with the top of the container.8.2.5 Determine the final net weight of the insulation bysubtracting the weight of the empty container from the weightof the full container.8.2.6 Using fresh material, re
26、peat the test for a minimum ofthree measurements.8.2.7 Calculations:8.2.7.1 Calculate the design density as follows:Design density D! 5WV(2)where:W = final net weight, lb (kg), andV = volume of container, ft3(m3).8.2.7.2 Calculate the volume loss as follows:Volume loss %! 5D 2 BB3100 (3)9. Report9.1
27、 Report the following information:9.1.1 Report the density in pounds per cubic foot (kilogramsper cubic meter) for each test and the average of the three ormore tests for each method.9.1.2 If required, report the percent volume loss on place-ment for each specimen and the average of the three or mor
28、etests.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Granular loose fill insulations, as a class, generallyrequire care in handling during testing due to friability, varyingparticle size, and a tendency to pack, settle, or segregate as aresult of rough handling or vibration.10.2 The precision of Test Method A with reg
29、ard to a singleunit of product, can be stated only in terms of a single operator,single measurement, and single specimen. At the 95 % confi-dence limit, the standard deviation is 60.25 lb/ft3(64.0kg/m3), for vermiculite and 60.30 lb/ft3(4 6 4.8 kg/m3) forperlite.10.3 The precision of Test Method B i
30、s expressed as theprecision of a single operator, multiple specimens, and a singlemeasurement of design density. At the 95 % confidence limit,the standard deviation is 60.12 lb/ft3(61.9 kg/m3) forvermiculite and 60.20 lb/ft3(63.2 kg/m3) for perlite.10.4 BiasNo information is presented on the bias of
31、 theprocedures in Test Method C520 for measuring density ofgranular loose fill insulations because no material having anaccepted reference value is available.11. Keywords11.1 bulk density; density; design density; granular loosefill; insulation; perlite; thermal insulation; vermiculite; volumelossAS
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