1、2005年春季电子科技大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other_. （ A） bruises （ B） blunders （ C） handicaps （ D） drawbacks 2 Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was_in tropic countries. （ A） pr
2、ospective （ B） prevalent （ C） provocative （ D） perpetual 3 After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. （ A） quarrel （ B） suspicion （ C） verdict （ D） controversy 4 He is a(n)_and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little. （ A） obed
3、ient （ B） transient （ C） conscious （ D） passionate 5 Mary once_with another musician to compose a piece of pop music. （ A） merged （ B） collaborated （ C） coincided （ D） constituted 6 A man has to make_for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old. （ A） supply （ B） assurance （ C） provisi
4、on （ D） adjustment 7 Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his_and fell off. （ A） equilibrium （ B） equivalence （ C） equivalent （ D） equation 8 The_of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year. （ A） procedures （ B） processes （ C） proc
5、eedings （ D） projects 9 Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves_know where to look. （ A） virtually （ B） initially （ C） invariably （ D） infinitely 10 Outsiders have_the success of Eastern Asias economics with admiration, wonderment and sometimes hostility. （ A） gazed （ B） glanced （
6、 C） contemplated （ D） peered 11 It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an_plan. （ A） inherent （ B） ingenious （ C） infectious （ D） indulgent 12 There are some_between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe. （ A） discrepancies （ B） distractions （ C） diversions （ D） d
7、iscretion 13 In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to_dreams were likely to be highly respected. （ A） interpret （ B） intervene （ C） inherit （ D） impact 14 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on_. （ A） consciousness （
8、 B） impulse （ C） instinct （ D） response 15 Equipment not_official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. （ A） conforming to （ B） consistent with （ C） predominant over （ D） providing for 16 According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically_to construct a pioneering
9、 space colony, powered by solar energy. （ A） practical （ B） flexible （ C） feasible （ D） beneficial 17 Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly_to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people. （ A） subjective （ B） subordinate （ C） liable （ D） vulne
10、rable 18 These areas rely on agriculture almost_, having few mineral recourses and a minimum of industrial development. （ A） respectively （ B） extraordinarily （ C） incredibly （ D） exclusively 19 There is no doubt that the_of these goods to the others is easy to see. （ A） prestige （ B） superiority （
11、C） priority （ D） publicity 20 Military orders are_and cannot be disobeyed. （ A） defective （ B） conservative （ C） alternative （ D） imperative 21 Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of_grouping is advisable. （ A） homogenous （ B） in
12、stantaneous （ C） spontaneous （ D） anonymous 22 All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons_ slowly into the sky. （ A） ascending （ B） elevating （ C） escalating （ D） lingering 23 He obviously displayed a great_for some of your poems. （ A） consent （ B） admiratio
13、n （ C） respect （ D） pleasure 24 The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause_of vegetables in the coming days. （ A） rarity （ B） scarcity （ C） invalidity （ D） variety 25 It is probably both that he is going to the meeting on time_by the morning traffic jam. （ A） and that he might be delayed
14、 （ B） or that he might be delayed （ C） and he might be delayed （ D） otherwise that he might be delayed 26 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck_. （ A） scatter （ B） vanish （ C） abandon （ D） fly away 27 The point at_at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line. （ A） arg
15、ument （ B） controversy （ C） issue （ D） conflict 28 They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to _ it because of the rainy weather. （ A） cancel （ B） eliminate （ C） delay （ D） prolong 29 This dictionary is_intended for American learners of Chinese. （ A） especially （ B） particula
16、rly （ C） specifically （ D） uniquely 30 A UN official said that aid programs would be_until there was adequate protection for relief convoy. （ A） depended （ B） suspended （ C） postponed （ D） expended 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real
17、 income and production of the community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern
18、. Thus many business persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even workers with relatively fixe
19、d wages are often better off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees. In deflation, on the other hand, the
20、 growing unemployment of labor and capital causes the communitys total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible
21、debts. For these reasons as increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground tha
22、t this might be inflationary. Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. Once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices increase. 31 “Historical patterns
23、“ mentioned in the passage means that in mild inflation_. （ A） there will be more production and employment （ B） private investment will be moderate and peoples income influenced （ C） the bad effects of the two evils will be associated with each other （ D） industrial revolution made men and women mo
24、re equal 32 Which of the following happens if there is mild inflation? （ A） Everyone loses because of the increase of prices. （ B） Retired people do experience any influence. （ C） Creditors gain rather than lose with a rise in interest rates. （ D） Some people gain more while other lose. 33 In times
25、of inflation_. （ A） people like private or public investment （ B） there is usually full plant capacity （ C） creditors suffer more than other people （ D） everyone suffers and no one gains 34 The authors attitude towards investment is that_. （ A） the more the investment, the better the economy （ B） pr
26、ivate investment is better than public investment （ C） investment should be set to a limit （ D） investment at the time of inflation is considered better than at the time of deflation 35 Which of the following is clearly the authors own opinion? （ A） The lesser of the two evils is not deflation but i
27、nflation. （ B） Peoples income is influenced by both inflation and deflation. （ C） Investment is good in times of deflation and unemployment. （ D） Private and public investment can cause inflation during deflation. 35 Perhaps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read: Fragile; Handle
28、 with Care. It will never so, these days to go around referring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits“. The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about using his club or knife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meage
29、r life-savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment“. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals.
30、 We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment. The violent criminal has become ak
31、in of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his “memoirs“. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or “murder mysteries“ have never ha
32、d it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about the some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. I
33、ts no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes. Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the cold-blooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or s
34、erving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal violence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can liter
35、ally get away with murder. We all know that “life sentence“ does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good comfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime, of he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of
36、 others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair-play, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldnt, because all the vi
37、ctims were dead. 36 What is the main idea of the text? （ A） Society is to blame for the rising crime. （ B） All the criminals are to be sympathized. （ C） Crime defenders have done a lot for criminals. （ D） Severe punishment should be used to prevent crime. 37 In the authors opinion, all the following
38、 are to blame for crime EXCEPT_. （ A） society （ B） the criminals themselves （ C） the suspension of life sentence （ D） the defenders role 38 The word “deterrent“(Line 1, Para. 3)most probably means “_“. （ A） threat （ B） delay （ C） determination （ D） hindrance 39 What is the tone of the text? （ A） Cri
39、tical. （ B） Cynical. （ C） Ironic. （ D） Humorous. 40 What is the authors attitude toward capital punishment? （ A） Negative. （ B） Sympathetic. （ C） Supportive. （ D） Neutral. 40 The gravitational pull of the Earth and moon is important to us as we attempt to conquer more and more of outer-space. Heres
40、why. As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it becomes less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull o
41、f both the Earth and the moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need to be sent only to this “point of no return“ in order to
42、get it to the moon. The moons gravity will pull it to the rest of the way. The return trip of the rocket to the Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earths gravitational field reaches far closer to the moon than does the moons to the Earth. Thus it will be necessary to fire an Earthbound r
43、ocket only a few thousand miles away from the moon to reach a point where the rocket will drift to earth under the Earths gravitational pull. The problem of rocket travel is not so much concerned with getting the rocket into space as it is with guiding the rocket after it leaves the Earths surface.
44、Remember that the moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until “captured“ in another planets gravitational field. To reach the moon, a ro
45、cket must be fired toward the point where the moon will be when the rocket has traveled the required distance. This requires precise calculations of the speed and direction of the rocket and of the speed and direction of the moon. For a rocket to arrive at a point where the moons gravity will pull i
46、t the rest of the way, it must reach a speed called velocity of escape. This speed is about 25,000 miles per hour. At a speed less than this, a rocket will merely circle the Earth in an orbit and eventually fall back to the Earth. 41 This passage deals mainly with_. （ A） the gravitational pull of th
47、e Earth and the moon （ B） the factors involved in firing a rocket into the outer-space （ C） the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moon （ D） the speed and direction of a rocket traveling in the outer-space 42 It can be seen that if a rocket misses its target, it keeps on traveling through spa
48、ce until_. （ A） it burns up （ B） it is caught in the gravitational field of another planet （ C） it is brought back to the Earth by scientists （ D） it runs out of fuel 43 A rocket might miss its target, by a “wide margin“. This means the rocket might miss the target_. （ A） because of mechanical failu
49、re （ B） by a great deal （ C） by a small distance （ D） because the target moved 44 According to the passage, the most difficult task of firing a rocket is_. （ A） to get the rocket into the space （ B） to calculate the rockets velocity of escape （ C） to guide the rocket after it leaves the Earths surface （ D） to identify the gravitational fields of the Earth and the moon 45 P
