1、2004年秋季电子科技大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Obviously these are all factors affecting smooth operation, but the underlying problem is still to be identified. （ A） operational （ B） fundamental （ C） operating （ D） underneath 2 If you can convince the interviewer of your special qualifica
2、tions, your chance of being accepted will be greatly enhanced. （ A） appreciated （ B） encouraged （ C） frustrated （ D） increased 3 Initially his book did not receive much attention, but two weeks after the critics review appeared in the newspapers, it climbed to the best sellers list. （ A） At first （
3、B） First of all （ C） At first sight （ D） From the first 4 Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. （ A） accounted for （ B） worked out （ C） made prominent （ D） taken for granted 5 The committee reported its findings after a thorough investigation. （ A） things that are f
4、ound （ B） decisions （ C） results of an enquiry （ D） files 6 The critics assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written. （ A） comprehension （ B） recommendation （ C） admiration （ D） judgment 7 The foreign minister would reveal nothing about his recent tour of the Middle East beyond what had
5、already been announced at the press conference. （ A） as for （ B） in addition to （ C） along with （ D） in relation to 8 Mr. Dane went through his daughters essay carefully, to eliminate slang words from it. （ A） reduce （ B） exchanged （ C） remove （ D） exhibit 9 A trip to the Antarctic is reasonably saf
6、e if you take the necessary precautions. （ A） within reason （ B） rather （ C） beyond doubt （ D） doubly 10 With his blows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform. （ A） succeeded in （ B） decided against （ C） went on with （ D） thought deeply about 11 I was most favorab
7、ly struck by the assurance with which the boy answered all my questions. （ A） insurance （ B） confidence （ C） reluctance （ D） independence 12 The population in last area was growing rapidly. Needless to say, the housing problem there cried out for immediate solution. （ A） tried hard to find （ B） call
8、ed loudly （ C） needed very much （ D） asked earnestly for 13 This exquisite violin was with superb workmanship. （ A） rather strange （ B） pretty cheap （ C） utterly worthless （ D） very lovely 14 The emperor turned to alchemy to ensure immortality, but contrary to his wishes, the wrong chemistry shorten
9、ed his life. （ A） good fortune （ B） quick recovery from his illness （ C） never-ending life （ D） everlasting peace 15 Many workers felt that they were victimized by automation. （ A） make to work hard （ B） replaced （ C） caused to suffer （ D） relieved 16 How to evaluate the performance of students is s
10、till a problem that troubles many professors. （ A） examine and judge （ B） assist in （ C） enhance （ D） account for 17 Because alcohol is a solvent, it is a component of many liquid medicines. （ A） basic ingredient in making medicines （ B） combination of things of different qualities （ C） one of the p
11、arts that make up a whole （ D） substance that helps to cure certain diseases 18 The incidence of this disease has been greatly reduced thanks to our health care program. （ A） seriousness （ B） frequency of occurrence （ C） mortality （ D） cure rate 19 Since the energy crisis, these big cars have become
12、 a real liability. They cost too much to run. （ A） lack of reliability （ B） substitute （ C） costly means of transport （ D） disadvantage 20 Mary is by no means learned; nor is she good at any practical trade. The only asset she possesses is her beauty. （ A） something valuable （ B） temptation （ C） som
13、ething pleasing to the eye （ D） womanly virtue 21 Young John showed no consistency when he did excellent work the first part of the year and very poor work after that. （ A） state of keeping to the same course of action （ B） right qualifications to do a job （ C） ability to cope with ones work （ D） gr
14、eat amount of accumulated experience 22 If the batiks statement agrees with my bank balance, it does not follow indisputably that the balance is correct. （ A） indispensably （ B） unquestionably （ C） disreputably （ D） consequently 23 Educational development is bound up with economic progress. （ A） in
15、accordance with （ B） consistent with （ C） independent of （ D） closely related to 24 Export of handicraft products is the mainstay of the countys economy. （ A） rich resources （ B） primary concern （ C） only source （ D） main support 25 The man had a rather shady occupation and made a lot of money withi
16、n a short period of time. （ A） profitable （ B） comfortable （ C） honorable （ D） dishonest 26 They are meticulous in work, well aware a careless mistake will cost the company millions of pounds. （ A） rather casual （ B） pretty slow （ C） very careful （ D） really considerate 27 When the pacific War broke
17、 out, Edward was drafted by navy and served four full years on a big aircraft carrier. （ A） enlisted （ B） mobilized （ C） approved （ D） attracted 28 Be was interested only in the story and skipped all those passages of landscape description. （ A） thought badly of （ B） went over （ C） went through （ D）
18、 passed over 29 Her panic was transient, and ceased when she began to speak. （ A） beyond description （ B） unnoticed （ C） passing quickly （ D） vague 30 Heavy rains were causing inundation and much damage throughout the country. （ A） much inconvenience （ B） serious concern （ C） overflow of water （ D）
19、human misery 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 Of what historic and contemporary concern is it that the architecture profession has been, and continues to be, strongly male dominated in Australia. Ideally, what proportion of the profession should women occupy and why? From the start of human history, we a
20、lways experience certain level of inequality between sexes. It can be seen everywhere around the world and is a concern to everyone, both men and women. This inequality is an important issue, within the workforce of many professions, such as being an architect, landscape architect, city planners and
21、 designers within the built environment. Industrial revolution is the onset for women to become segregated from home, creating greater spatial division to impact on gender roles. There is common concept between the relationship of public and private space with male and female. This model represents
22、the suburbanization occurring in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Many suburban women are forced within their daily activities due to the constraints on accessibility and mobility in low-density suburbs which lead to a feeling of being isolated from the inner city. These constraints
23、 of this gender role affect the womens ability in the broader professions within the built environment, as they were restricted at home. Architects do not like to employ women in the offices; contractors do not like women to build contracts from their plans; people with money to spend do not like to
24、 entrust expenditure to a woman. This is probably due to the fact that women are kept at home without “knowing much“ of the “outside world“; the design professions have intrigued women into marginal roles. Architects and other similar professional fields have perceived women not as profession but as
25、 passive clients. From these, women are users of the designed built environment as there are only few to have the opportunity to design them. That forces women to adapt to the way environments have been designed by men. There is a concern where many women architects, landscape architects, planners,
26、builders and designers are not formally identified with professions. Many of their works have been credited to their male colleagues. Another concern is that there is a lack of sensitivity towards womens needs within the built environment. Design strategies and schemes often fail to consider women a
27、s a disadvantage group with exclusive needs, many of these needs are inadequately met or even un-met. This was evident in several Local Environmental Plans and Development Control Plans of the Sydney Metropolitan area that had not identified women as a disadvantage group to be included amongst the h
28、andicapped anti elderly in design issue. Having considered womens issues within the built environment, in concluding one must ask: “Are the fundamentals of professions of the built environment gender biased?“ Whilst the outcomes of these are gender biased, the fundamentals of planning require subseq
29、uent analysis in order to resolve the question. “Not only do men and women view a common world from different perspectives, they view different worlds as well.“ The issues raised are not subject to strictly to women, but men also experience them though with less intensity. In addressing these issues
30、 a gender sensitive environment will be beneficial to all. 31 According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Industrial revolution made men and women unequal. （ B） Industrial revolution made men and women equal. （ C） Industrial revolution made men and women more unequal. （
31、 D） Industrial revolution made men and women more equal. 32 In the writers view, because of suburbanization,_. （ A） many women are forced to move to the suburban areas （ B） many women are forced to move away from the suburban areas （ C） many women hate to go to the inner city （ D） many women in the
32、suburban areas are forced to stay where they are 33 The reason why women designers are few is that_. （ A） women are kept at home （ B） women prefer to work as assistants of men designers （ C） women have been kept out of this profession for long （ D） very few women want to be designers 34 The writer a
33、sserts that in design strategies and schemes_. （ A） womens special needs have been neglected （ B） womens special needs are just like those of the handicapped （ C） women designers form a disadvantaged group （ D） womens special needs should not be overlooked 35 The writers message is that the built en
34、vironment should be_. （ A） beneficial to all （ B） more beneficial to women （ C） more beneficial to men （ D） gender biased 35 Forty years ago no one was concerned about the health of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being over harvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the s
35、ea, and developers were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days, the magnitude of the problems was small, even though it was obvious that if the trends continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didnt understand, nor did they care. U
36、nfortunately many of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse had we, and others, not taken action to inform people about the ocean and the need to protect it. During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we ha
37、ve used every medium available personal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predecessors. Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them, exploring a
38、nd learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates. I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as the most impersonal medium yet developed. For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electr
39、onic marvels, Im swimming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find Im not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immensely rewarding. I have been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: We recently completed a CD-ROM, Jean Michel Cousteaus Wor
40、ld: Cities under the Sea Coral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented Our Cities under the Sea CD-ROM to a group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concepts and how they directed their own learning
41、process, thanks to the flexibility of the medium. It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer rewarded them when they got the correct answers. I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to under
42、stand how precious and vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected and used wisely. Hopefully the next generation will do a better job than mine has. I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am
43、 counting on the Internet to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action. I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better future it is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians. 36 Forty years ago people were indifferent to
44、the health of the ocean because_. （ A） the ocean was immune to any pollution then （ B） they didnt know what would come of if the ocean was deadly disrupted （ C） there was no computer then （ D） there wasnt any problem with ocean at that time 37 The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the
45、 writer believes that_. （ A） the computer is as smart as human beings （ B） the computer is friends with human beings （ C） human beings can interact with the computer and do what they want at their will （ D） human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage 38 The writer went to Fuji t
46、o_. （ A） participate in a celebration （ B） teach children there how to use the computer （ C） make an adventure in the sea （ D） spend the holiday on the seashore 39 The writers attitude to the prospect of the ocean is_. （ A） desperate （ B） unconcerned （ C） optimistic （ D） pragmatic 40 According to th
47、e passage, who shall we fall back on for a better future for the environment? （ A） Our predecessors. （ B） Politicians. （ C） Computers. （ D） Young people. 40 Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970s, however, this per
48、iod of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970s and 1980s, an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of the 1980s, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ev
49、er recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990s and currently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sl
