1、2006年中国人民大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 When I heard that Mrs. Thacher resigned, I called her. I wanted her to know that my heart was _ her. （ A） for （ B） of （ C） in （ D） with 2 Gentleness has been considered a _ trait. （ A） boyish （ B） delicate （ C） feminine （ D） male 3 We know that
2、 this is true, but _ we recognize this truth only in our backward glance. （ A） all too often （ B） too often （ C） all too late （ D） too late 4 The retiring professor was _ by his colleague. （ A） criticized （ B） exalted （ C） driven out （ D） examined 5 He is honest. His actions are always _ his words.
3、（ A） contradictory to （ B） contradicted by （ C） agreed with （ D） consistent with 6 Life is never just _. （ A） living （ B） being （ C） existing （ D） going 7 The lady _ her skirt by sitting on the seat while flying. （ A） disordered （ B） disarranged （ C） creased （ D） crashed 8 You must always be ready t
4、o sacrifice _ to duty. （ A） inclination （ B） tendency （ C） interest （ D） career 9 In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places. （ A） permissive （ B） permissible （ C） permutable （ D） pernicious 10 His pleasant ways _ me into thinking that he was my good friend. （ A） deprived （ B） despised
5、 （ C） diverted （ D） beguiled 11 _ animals must be kept in cages in case they might hurt the tourists. （ A） Land （ B） Domestic （ C） Vicious （ D） Farm 12 Almost overnight, Ames became a hero of environmentalists when his finding led to new and _ bans on certain chemicals. （ A） regulations （ B） authori
6、ties （ C） orders （ D） suggestions 13 The _ noise whistles kept me awake all night. （ A） incarnate （ B） incessant （ C） repetitious （ D） rampant 14 The baby seems content; he must have _ his new nursemaid. （ A） taken to （ B） taken after （ C） taken from （ D） taken in 15 He had either to leave the count
7、ry immediately or to surrender himself to the Nazi authorities, and had no other _. （ A） alternative （ B） hope （ C） resource （ D） approach 16 A good sense of rhythm is one of his natural _ as a poet. （ A） endowments （ B） interest （ C） weaknesses （ D） accomplishments 17 All his attempts to argue abou
8、t the rightness were _. （ A） futile （ B） not important （ C） effective in use （ D） without reason 18 I am _ lowbrow, admire the highbrow all the more for his patronizing type. （ A） conceiting （ B） humble （ C） overweening （ D） poor 19 Lowbrows are quite _ for highbrows to have their symphonies and the
9、ir Russian novels. （ A） content （ B） contained （ C） capacity （ D） yearning 20 As the speed of change brings design _ fashion, then decisions about taste will have to be made more and more regularly. （ A） near to （ B） nearer to （ C） next to （ D） close to 21 The dark clouds suggest a (n) _ storm. （ A）
10、 impending （ B） surprising （ C） fast （ D） unexpected 22 To our grief, he became _ to the drug. （ A） addicted （ B） interested （ C） amused （ D） disturbed 23 Being a foreigner, Cad did not _ to the joke. （ A） appreciate （ B） catch on （ C） laugh （ D） like 24 Talks on climate change resumed in the German
11、 city of Bonn on July 16 to _ global warming. （ A） focus on （ B） combat （ C） settle down （ D） sum up 25 His parents _ him to enlist when he was seventeen. （ A） permitted （ B） committed （ C） made （ D） enabled 26 _ may think they are better than the facts would justify. （ A） Optimists （ B） Pessimists
12、（ C） Cynicists （ D） Humorists 27 He quickly _ behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction. （ A） ducked （ B） evaded （ C） escaped （ D） dodged 28 By isolating negative words and phrases, you can _ the damage youre doing to yourself. （ A） point out （ B） point （ C） pinpo
13、int （ D） get 29 It did the _ service of freeing us from the dilemma. （ A） immense （ B） much （ C） lot of （ D） innumerous 30 Sports, and not learning, seem to _ in that school. （ A） appear （ B） occupy （ C） dominate （ D） lead 31 The local people could hardly think of any good way to _ poverty they had
14、endured. （ A） shake off （ B） ward off （ C） put off （ D） take off 32 As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming _ The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies. （ A） interruption （ B） description （ C） qualification
15、（ D） contradiction 33 His meeting with Picasso was an important _ in the artists life. （ A） lesson （ B） episode （ C） scene （ D） chapter 34 Borders these days have little meaning for Singapore-based regional _ of electronics firms like Sanyo and Philips. （ A） executives （ B） officials （ C） governors
16、（ D） servants 35 Unfortunately, the womans hat _ my view of the stage. （ A） blocked up （ B） obstructed （ C） prevented （ D） interfered 36 Meantime, road construction is _ on the site of a proposed Tuman River Triangle. （ A） under way （ B） in the way （ C） of the way （ D） by way 37 Everyone knows that
17、the firefly is a(n) _ insect. （ A） firing （ B） lighting （ C） aluminiferous （ D） glowing 38 Preferential policies and ready cooperation do play a role in _ poverty. （ A） alleviating （ B） activating （ C） assaulting （ D） accustoming 39 The fact that these regions are _ in natural resources doesnt mean
18、local people are well off. （ A） adorable （ B） accessible （ C） abundant （ D） ambient 40 In spite of a problem with the _ equipment, some very useful work was accomplished. （ A） imperfect （ B） temporary （ C） emergency （ D） reinstalled 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 There is extraordinary exposure in the
19、United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven a average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentrat
20、ion (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less th
21、an 1 percent of drivers with BAC s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on
22、 the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a countrys population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach.
23、 To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administrat
24、ion estimates, however, that even with increased attests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of
25、the Road Safety Act in 1967. As the British increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the ensuing three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act. Whether penalties for driving with a high
26、BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic beverages will deter the excessive drinker responsible tot most fatalities is unclear. In fact, the answer depends on the extent to which those with high BAC involved in crashes are capable of controlling their intake in response to economic or p
27、enal threat. Therapeutic programs which range from individual and group counseling and psychotherapy to chemotherapy constitute another approach, but they have not diminished the proportion of accidents in which alcohol was a factor. In the few controlled trials that have been reported, there is lit
28、tle evidence that rehabilitation programs for those repeatedly arrested for drunken behavior have reduced either the recidivism or crash rates. Thus far, there is no firm evidence that Alcohol Safety Action Project supported programs, in which rehabilitation measures are requested by tile court, hav
29、e decreased recidivism or crash involvement for clients exposed to them, although knowledge and attitudes have improved. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic intoxication plays a role, many will continue to die. 41 The
30、 author is mainly concerned with _. （ A） interpreting the results of surveys on traffic fatalities （ B） reviewing the effectiveness of attempts to curb drunk driving （ C） suggesting reasons for the prevalence of drunk driving in the United States （ D） analyzing the causes of the large number of annu
31、al traffic fatalities 42 It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Safety Act in Britain _. （ A） required drivers convicted under the law to undergo rehabilitation therapy （ B） made it illegal to drive while intoxicated （ C） increased the number of drunk driving arrests （ D） placed a tax on the sale of
32、alcoholic drinks 43 The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent _. （ A） is unreasonably high as a definition of intoxication for purposes of driving （ B） penalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy drinker to consume without limit （ C） is well below the BAC of must drivers who are invol
33、ved in fatal collisions （ D） proves that a driver has consumed five ounces of 80 proof spirits over a short time 44 The author cites the British example in order to _. （ A） demonstrate the need to lower BAC levels in states that have laws against drunk driving （ B） prove that stricter enforcement of
34、 laws against intoxicated drivers would reduce traffic deaths （ C） prove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of intoxicated drivers will not deter drunk driving （ D） suggest that taxation of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws 45 The authors tone of the end of th
35、e article can best be described as _. （ A） ironic （ B） indifferent （ C） admonitory （ D） indecisive 45 No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who,
36、 with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is much or even more indispen
37、sable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature, which they are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where
38、any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is conside
39、red to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of people stirred up from its foundations and
40、 the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings. He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute th
41、e reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgment and unless he contents himself with that, he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the w
42、orld, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real
43、 contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the sub
44、ject has to encounter and dispose of else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition, even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion ma
45、y be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from and considered what such persons may have to say, and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they thems
46、elves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder: the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred. 46 According to
47、 the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find _. （ A） acceptance of truth （ B） enthusiasm （ C） controversy over principles （ D） a suspension of judgment 47 Which of the following statements is true, according to the author? （ A） Most educated people study both sides of
48、 a question. （ B） Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking. （ C） The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only one side of an issue. （ D） It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from ones teachers. 48 As it is used in line 4 of the passage, the w
49、ord “suffer“ most nearly means _. （ A） endure （ B） undergo （ C） permit （ D） support 49 It can be inferred from the passage that a person who knows only his own side of an issue is regarded by the author as _. （ A） uniformed （ B） opinionated （ C） ignorant （ D） rational 50 Which of the following statements do you think the author would be most likel
