1、2007年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 She is a woman of_who has never abandoned her principles for the sake of her own benefits. （ A） dignity （ B） scarcity （ C） integrity （ D） stability 2 Many important mistakes have been escaping_, and a lot of money has been lost as a result. （ A
2、） detection （ B） commission （ C） compensation （ D） precaution 3 I dont say that to persuade you, but merely to_my conscience. （ A） revolve （ B） relieve （ C） retrieve （ D） revive 4 When he left high school, he_to go to college and study for a degree, rather than get a job straight away. （ A） opted （
3、B） forwent （ C） indulged （ D） excelled 5 Arithmetic is the one fundamental science,_ all other physical sciences. （ A） undermining （ B） undertaking （ C） underscoring （ D） underlying 6 In the professions where women_numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions. （ A） tol
4、erate （ B） integrate （ C） predominate （ D） accumulate 7 Last year our school football team won four_games. （ A） obsessive （ B） concessive （ C） successive （ D） excessive 8 I cant possibly mark your homework; your handwriting is_. （ A） illogical （ B） illiterate （ C） illusive （ D） illegible 9 Another b
5、ig issue_the nation is the problem of the education of its citizens. （ A） confining （ B） illiterate （ C） conforming （ D） confronting 10 The relation of the earth on Its axis is responsible for the_of periods of light and darkness. （ A） alteration （ B） alternation （ C） alternative （ D） altercation 11
6、 As the artist was_to pollen, he seldom went into the country to sketch the natural beauty in spring. （ A） destructive （ B） allergic （ C） fragile （ D） unchallenged 12 The virus attacks the plant, the flower does not open, and_no seeds are produced. （ A） consequently （ B） subsequently （ C） simultaneo
7、usly （ D） spontaneously 13 The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of_, ranging from colds to back pains. （ A） compliments （ B） ailments （ C） implements （ D） commitments 14 Mass production is_only in an economy with a highly developed technology. （ A） vulnerable （ B） invaluable （ C） feasible （ D
8、） compatible 15 His past affection for Jane_any new relationship impossible for him. （ A） resented （ B） rendered （ C） repelled （ D） resorted 16 With a candle in hand, he carefully_the flight of narrow stairs to his bedroom. （ A） asserted （ B） ascertained （ C） assembled （ D） ascended 17 Some plants a
9、re_to disease and must be taken good care of for the whole growing period. （ A） fantastic （ B） subordinate （ C） susceptible （ D） imperative 18 The best films are those which_national or cultural barriers. （ A） transcend （ B） transit （ C） transcribe （ D） transact 19 Such occupations were so_as to be
10、unworthy of his full attention. （ A） triggering （ B） tripling （ C） trifling （ D） trembling 20 Despite his unsuccessful career, he was_to think that he at least had a warm family to turn to. （ A） conferred （ B） consoled （ C） confessed （ D） convinced 21 For years the girl had harbored her_against her
11、stepmother. Today, she finally got the courage to speak it out. （ A） resentment （ B） rivalry （ C） compulsion （ D） concession 22 The doctor was in a_as to whether to tell the patient the truth or a lie. （ A） prudence （ B） dilemma （ C） secrecy （ D） psychology 23 from power, he had to go back to his ho
12、metown and toil in his little farm. （ A） Relinquished （ B） Tumbled （ C） Displaced （ D） Retrieved 24 Watching news program at night has become an_part of the lives of most people in big cities. （ A） automotive （ B） instructive （ C） unconventional （ D） integral 25 He finally agreed to sign the agreeme
13、nt with us, but with some_. （ A） recurrence （ B） rejection （ C） reluctance （ D） refutation 26 “We didnt want to displease our most_supporters, therefore, we have provided them with the opportunity of getting extra tickets to any game this year,“said the manager of the football club. （ A） acute （ B）
14、ardent （ C） sheer （ D） fantastic 27 Soil_is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human activity causes it to occur much faster than under natural conditions. （ A） preservation （ B） abrasion （ C） erosion （ D） eruption 28 Poverty and domestic violence make it easy for her to trust that bad thi
15、ngs will happen and take this_happiness away. （ A） adversary （ B） vulgar （ C） fragile （ D） superfluous 29 Though this book was written more than 50 years ago, it has a relatively contemporary appeal, and its_plotting will amuse mystery lovers. （ A） intricate （ B） disparate （ C） compassionate （ D） pa
16、ssionate 30 “The project goal is for students to build complex and interesting sentences, and_, whole paragraphs.“The teacher explains. （ A） foremost （ B） ultimately （ C） readily （ D） intimately 31 Hypertension places stress on a number of organs(called target organs, including the kidney, eyes, and
17、 heart, causing them to_over time. （ A） deteriorate （ B） distress （ C） underscore （ D） dilute 32 To take revenge of the defeat last year, each player was making his_to win the match. Even their fans were cheering for them. （ A） setback （ B） endeavor （ C） remnant （ D） distinction 33 Like most other A
18、merican companies with a rigid_, workers and managers have strictly defined duties. （ A） vitality （ B） jurisdiction （ C） hierarchy （ D） bureaucracy 34 To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more_and more reliable than those of their compet
19、itors. （ A） innovative （ B） commensurate （ C） enlightening （ D） legitimate 35 Working in the customs, I feel both exciting and challenging, for I have to face the difficulties of dealing with_groups of people. （ A） delicate （ B） deliberate （ C） discrete （ D） disparate 36 Competitors from more than a
20、 hundred countries have_in Los Angeles for the Olympic Games. （ A） denounced （ B） converged （ C） detached （ D） sprawled 37 The environmental movement is_to the widespread feelings of support for natures in heritage in recent decades. （ A） testimony （ B） deliberate （ C） compensation （ D） compassion 3
21、8 In the_chapters, the professor has traced the redefinition of Britains global position in recent decades. （ A） obsolete （ B） abiding （ C） preceding （ D） wielding 39 It is our firm_that a step forward has been taken and will bring the country back to economic prosperity. （ A） conviction （ B） empowe
22、rment （ C） imperative （ D） proposition 40 Due to sluggish market conditions, the factorys workforce has_from over 4,000 to a few hundred. （ A） proclaimed （ B） dwindled （ C） repressed （ D） indulged 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 Developing a peaceful, understanding, and supportive relationship between p
23、arents and children is not an easy task. Failures can and do occur at any age level, and at times the results are the abuse, neglect, and even death of children. Child abuse has become a major topic in child development and an issue of much national concern. In the span of four legislative years, 19
24、63-1967, all fifty states enacted laws calling for the reporting of injuries inflicted on children. By 1973, the United States Congress passed the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act(Public Law 93-247). This law not only reflected the mood of concerned citizens, but it also did much to clear up
25、 the confusion and disagreement over what is child abuse. The question “what causes child abuse?“ has prompted much debate. The single most persistent myth which had plagued efforts to understand causes is the notion that parents who abuse children are mentally disturbed or ill. Although there is no
26、 specific psychiatric diagnosis which comprises the behavior and personalities of abuser, they seem to share a common style of child rearing. Those parents demand high levels of child performance and they often use severe physical punishment to ensure the childs proper behavior. Abusive parents them
27、selves were raised In similar family situations and their own childhood experience has a lasting influence on their behavior as adults. Current research has suggested, however, that the “abuser is sick“ hypothesis is too limited. A broader social, psychological approach recognizes that some personal
28、 problems are implicit but that psychological factors arise out of a social context. Social factors include unemployment, social isolation, and unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, findings that abuse occurs more frequently in larger families and families with low income, poor education, and low occupation
29、al status suggest that many such parents cannot withstand the twenty-four-hour-a-day responsibility to raise and care for their children. These problems aggravate the situation, especially when combined with the general approval in our culture of violence. 41 This selection suggests that child abuse
30、 is_. （ A） a growing problem whose causes are not fully understood （ B） caused primarily by the mental illness of parents （ C） a problem in the United States, but a greater one in Europe （ D） easily determined because of recent public laws 42 We can know from the second paragraph that the law passed
31、 by 1973_. （ A） received little attention from the public （ B） was condemned by abusive parents （ C） was aimed to expand welfare programs of the United States （ D） helped much in clarifying the problem 43 The person who is least likely to be a child-abusing parent is the one who_. （ A） was raised in
32、 abusive family situations himself （ B） creates a peaceful and supportive family environment for his children （ C） is unemployed or socially isolated （ D） is mentally ill 44 Which one of the following is most probably a cause of child abuse? （ A） Too high an income of the parents. （ B） Unemployment
33、of the parents. （ C） Poor health of the child. （ D） Peculiar personalities of the child. 45 Which of the following statements is the author likely to agree with? （ A） Violence on TV may contribute lo child abuse. （ B） Medical doctors are largely lo blame for unreported cases of child abuse. （ C） The
34、 media should not describe the details of child abuse cases. （ D） Violence in our society is acceptable unless children are victims. 45 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Fre
35、derick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering
36、. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive t
37、o the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the language might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process
38、is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be a high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sou
39、nds, at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands, at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than
40、 grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the capacity, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even mor
41、e incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother r
42、ecognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dull the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the grow
43、th and development of language. 46 What is the purpose of the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century? （ A） To prove that a baby couldnt live without his mother. （ B） To discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech. （ C） To find out what role caref
44、ul nursing would play in teaching a child to speak. （ D） To prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language. 47 Today some children are backward in speaking because_. （ A） they are incapable of learning langrage rapidly （ B） they are faced with so much language at once （ C） their mot
45、hers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak （ D） their brain is not programmed to learn language rapidly 48 If a child starts to speak later than other normal children, he will_in the future. （ A） have a high IQ （ B） be insensitive to verbal signals （ C） be less intelligent （ D） not necessa
46、rily be backward 49 Compared with the brain of the monkey, humans brain is a complex system which enables a child_. （ A） to be born with the capacity of singing （ B） to see things more clearly than animals （ C） to connect the sight and the feel with the sound word （ D） to run faster than animals 50
47、Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? （ A） The faculty of speech is inborn in man. （ B） Mother plays an important role in man. （ C） Insensitivity of the mother to the infantssignals will cause them to learn nothing about language. （ D） The childs brain is highly selective. 50
48、When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing three months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an exp
49、eriment although no one had proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton president Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group the national Bioethics Advisory Commission-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and
