1、2013年职称英语（卫生类） B级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. （ A） right （ B） obvious （ C） unbelievable （ D） unclear 2 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. （ A） send （ B） he
2、ar （ C） confirm （ D） spread 3 He paused, waiting for her to digest the information. （ A） withhold （ B） exchange （ C） understand （ D） contact 4 There was something peculiar in the way he smiles. （ A） strange （ B） different （ C） wrong （ D） funny 5 Make sure the table is securely anchored. （ A） repaire
3、d （ B） fixed （ C） cleared （ D） booked 6 Come out, or Ill bust the door down. （ A） shut （ B） set （ C） break （ D） beat 7 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. （ A） inflexible （ B） general （ C） complex （ D） direct 8 These animals migrate south annually in search of food. （ A） travel （ B） ex
4、plore （ C） inhabit （ D） prefer 9 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. （ A） taught （ B） kept （ C） changed （ D） attracted 10 As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion. （ A） express （ B） divide （ C） influence （ D） voice 11 I have little information as regards her f
5、itness for the post. （ A） at （ B） with （ C） about （ D） from 12 The contract between the two companies will expire soon. （ A） shorten （ B） start （ C） end （ D） resume 13 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. （ A） naked （ B） cautious （ C） blind （ D） private 14 She gets aggressiv
6、e when she is drunk. （ A） worried （ B） sleepy （ C） anxious （ D） offensive 15 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. （ A） found by chance （ B） passed by （ C） took a notice of （ D） woke up 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，
7、请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Promising Results from Cancer Study A new experimental vaccine(疫苗 )has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Texas-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some
8、 patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others. Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of t
9、he disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great di
10、fference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness. This new vaccine uses the patients own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates(刺激 )the bodys immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful
11、, and attacks and destroys them. The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used. 16 The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial. （ A） Right
12、 （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Over forty people participated in the study. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 All the patients were from Dallas. （ A） Right （ B） W
13、rong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Every patient was injected with the same vaccine. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The vaccine activates the immune system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
14、 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Organic food: Why? 1. Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attracti
15、on of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural“. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses. 2. Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rat
16、her than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation(轮种 )improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits
17、to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted(排放 )by transporting food. 3. Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming wor
18、ldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these diffe
19、rences would have any noticeable effect on health. 4. The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the wa
20、y the food is cooked, the typie of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure(粪便 )or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago
21、it was dug up. 5. The notion that organic food is safer than “normal“ food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common food are full of natural toxins(毒素 ). As one research expert says:“People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not t
22、he case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10, 000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops. “ A. Main reaso
23、n for the popularity of organic food B. Description of organic farming C. Factors that affect food health value D. Testing the taste of organic food E. Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food F. Research into whether organic food is better 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Par
24、agraph 4_ 26 A. show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B. be specially trained C. improve soil quality D. poison you E. be eaten F. affect their nutritional content 27 Techniques of organic farming help_. 28 There is no convincing evidence to_. 29 The weather conditions during the
25、growth of crops_. 30 The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 On the Trial of the Honey Badger On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey badg
26、ers(獾 ). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers movements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地 )as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior
27、. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animals reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do. “The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new, “ he says. “That,
28、 combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can beco
29、me extremely vicious(凶恶的 ). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. “ The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. Th
30、e researchers were surprised, however, by the animals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物 ). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the
31、badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other. Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space o
32、f time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although, they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species. As the
33、 badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity or sudden aggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted returned, to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more close
34、ly some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers relaxed attitude when near humans. 31 Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert? （ A） To observe how honey badgers behave. （ B） To find where honey badgers live. （ C
35、） To catch some honey badgers for food. （ D） To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation. 32 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers? （ A） They show interest in things they are not familiar with. （ B） They are always looking for food. （ C） They do not enjoy human company. （ D） It is co
36、mmon for them to attack people. 33 What did the team find out about honey badgers? （ A） There were some creatures they did not eat. （ B） They were afraid of poisonous creatures. （ C） Female badgers did not mix with male badgers. （ D） They may get some of the water they needed from fruit. 34 Which of
37、 the following is a typical feature of male badgers? （ A） They dont run very quickly. （ B） They defend their territory from other badgers. （ C） They hunt over a very large area. （ D） They are more aggressive than females. 35 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them? （ A） They
38、became less aggressive towards other creatures. （ B） They started eating more. （ C） They lost interest in people. （ D） Other animals started working with them. 35 “Dont Drink Alone“ Gets New Meaning In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking
39、alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who drink with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1, 500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3, 500 adiults who had never had cancer. After the re
40、searchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity(口腔 ), pharynx(咽 ), and esophagus(食管 ), when compared with people who drank only at
41、meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer(喉癌 ). “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced too smoking or drinking by study volunteers, “ Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with m
42、eals didnt eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites. For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highe
43、st group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, pa
44、rticipants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled(四倍 )their risk for oral cavity and esopha
45、geal cancers. People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer
46、 risk the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals. “Alcohol can inflame(使发炎 )tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.“ Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tra
47、ct(消化道 )tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissues lower exposure to alcohol. 36 Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck? （ A） People who drink alcohol o
48、utside of meals. （ B） People who drink alcohol at meals. （ C） People who never drink alcohol. （ D） People who drink alcohol only at bars and pubs. 37 Which of the following is NOT a research finding about “drinking with meals“? （ A） It lowers cancer risk compared with drinking without food. （ B） It
49、increases by 20 percent the risk of cancer in all the four sites. （ C） It may be a cause of cancer. （ D） It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the four sites. 38 How many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per week? （ A） 21 （ B） 20 （ C） 34 （ D） 56 39 Which of the four cancers has the lowest risk? （ A） Oral cancer. （ B） Pharyngeal cancer. （ C） Laryngeal cancer. （ D） Esophageal cancer. 40 According to the last paragraph, tissues lower exposure to alcohol （ A） reduces the risk o
