1、GRE（ VERBAL）模拟试卷 26及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a wh
2、ole. 1 In contemporary usage, continents are understood to be large, continuous, _ masses of land, for they are almost always separated by expanses of water. （ A） elevated （ B） arable （ C） identified （ D） irregular （ E） discrete 2 In spite of the_frequently observed in honeybee colonies, individual
3、honeybees are characterized by_to a surprising extent. （ A） determinism instinct （ B） cooperation autonomy （ C） cleanliness salubriousness （ D） aggression self -interest （ E） infighting chaos 3 Because of the_of alternative therapy in the West, Chinese physicians have greater confidence that the Chi
4、nese remedies with natural herbs are effective. （ A） truthfulness （ B） decocting （ C） panacea （ D） intrusion （ E） efficacy 4 How any fetus survives gestation has baffled scientists for decades: the embryos tissues are half foreign and yet, unlike_organ transplant, it isnt normally rejected. （ A） an
5、adaptive （ B） a mismatched （ C） a successful （ D） an obdurate （ E） a preplanned 5 This division of science into two distinct cultural traditions, located in different types of institution, is highly_, but in recent years these two cultures have begun to_one another. （ A） influential disregard （ B） u
6、nlikely join （ C） suspect benefit （ D） propitious separate from （ E） pronounced merge with 6 Real body fluids, like those between our ceils, are less_than the model fluids that the researchers have used so far, and thus may introduce complications. （ A） experimental （ B） tested （ C） numerous （ D） un
7、responsive （ E） foreboding 7 These so-called facts are the product of considerable_in the analysis and exposition of statistical data, a sly attempt at giving the conclusions_credibility. （ A） research a deserved （ B） doctrines a lesser （ C） authority a greater （ D） artistry superficial （ E） tenets
8、specious SECTION 2 Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8 VISUAL : SIGHT : （ A） predispose
9、d : inclination （ B） olfactory : smell （ C） auditory : discernment （ D） kinesthetic : sensation （ E） gustatory : odor 9 IMMATERIAL: RELEVANCE: （ A） liberal : autonomy （ B） competent : valor （ C） circuitous : directness （ D） translucent : lucidity （ E） candid : effrontery 10 PEOPLE: CROWD : （ A） catt
10、le : herd （ B） magazine: bookcase （ C） staff: bureau （ D） audience : theater （ E） corn : grain 11 DRAMA: SCENE: （ A） information : cipher （ B） prose : paragraph （ C） novel : raconteur （ D） ode : narrative （ E） play : protagonist 12 MACABRE : SHUDDER: （ A） torpid : embolden （ B） homesick: domesticate
11、 （ C） insipid : chuckle （ D） overweening : plume （ E） grisly : flinch 13 BROKER : TRADE : （ A） conductor : theater （ B） ambassador : deception （ C） gymnast : stadium （ D） ombudsman : mediation （ E） gladiator : arena 14 DOUBT: QUESTION : （ A） manner : technique （ B） thirst: accomplishment （ C） remors
12、e: avarice （ D） purposelessness : requirement （ E） benevolence : gratitude 15 PRAISE : FLATTERY : （ A） renown: reverence （ B） envy : retaliation （ C） refinement : snobbery （ D） alarm : panic （ E） wit : vagary 16 PERSON : APPAREL : （ A） nut: core （ B） spire : tower （ C） meteor : trail （ D） planet : a
13、tmosphere （ E） hub: cycle SECTION 3 Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 16 For the pa
14、st forty years it has been known that the ammonia produced by the rhizobia bacteria in soybean roots diffuses through membranes surrounding bacterial cells into the soybean tissue. Interestingly, these membranes are Line highly impermeable to organic molecules such as amino acids. Once in the plant
15、(5) tissue, ammonia can be incorporated into the amino acids glutamine and glutamate, which are used to synthesize other amino acids and nitrogen- containing molecules the plant needs, such as proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids. But it has recently been discovered that the ammonium or ammonia f
16、ormed (10) by nitrogen fixation is rapidly converted into the amino acid alanine, which is then transported out of the bacterium; thus little if any fixed nitrogen leaves the bacteria as ammonia. While researchers remain perplexed by the means through which alanine actually passes the membranes, the
17、y speculate that the process may keep the newly fixed nitrogen separate from the everyday nitrogen (15) metabolism of the bacteria themselves, thus ensuring the rapid export of most of it to the plant. 17 The passage suggests which of the following about scientists conception of the function of the
18、amino acid alanine in the rhizobias nitrogen fixation process? （ A） They have proposed at least one hypothesis that might account for the function of the immediate conversion of ammonia into alanine. （ B） They have established the relationship between alanine and the production of nitrogen-containin
19、g molecules beneficial to soybean plants. （ C） They continue to believe that ammonia plays an integral role in the symbiosis between rhizobia and soybean plants. （ D） They remain uncertain as to how glutamine and glutamate can be produced in the absence of ammonium or ammonia. （ E） They have largely
20、 rejected the notion that ammonia or ammonium plays any role in nitrogen fixation. 18 The primary purpose of the passage is to （ A） contend that key terms in a scientific theory have been improperly used （ B） argue that proponents of a scientific theory have obscured important details （ C） demonstra
21、te that two views once thought to be in conflict are actually identical （ D） suggest that proponents of a theory have not stated their data in an exhaustive manner （ E） show that a theory has been drawn into question by a more recent study 19 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists are “
22、perplexed by the means“ (line 12) for which of the following reasons? （ A） They are unsure of how alanine remains separate from the everyday nitrogen metabolism of the plant itself. （ B） They have yet to establish what function the alanine serves for the soybean plants. （ C） They have thought alanin
23、e to exist only in very small quanties in rhizobia. （ D） They have long considered the membranes of the soybean plant impermeable to amino acids. （ E） They are uncertain how such a rapid export of fixed nitrogen is possible through the soybean membranes. 20 The passage mentions that at various point
24、s, scientists have believed all of the following to be essential for the nitrogen fixation process EXCEPT （ A） The presence of ammonia （ B） The permeability of cell membranes （ C） The presence of rhizobia （ D） The synthesis of amino acids （ E） Nitrogen-containing molecules like nucleotides 20 Darwin
25、 proposed the theory of sexual selection to explain the origin of ostentatious plumage in certain bird species, maintaining that the ornate features of males are a consequence of female mate selection based on an Line abstract aesthetic sense, not unlike the process of animal breeders producing (5)
26、fancy-male varieties of pigeons by conscious artificial selection. Wallace suggested an alternative explanation: through greater physical energy the most highly adorned males are able to win the competition with rival males. Meanwhile Huxley pointed out that male adornment is instrumental in establi
27、shing dominance relationships among males: adornment reduces the (10) physical activity necessary to intimidate rivals. However, Jacobs later examined the process of female choice, concluding that what appeared to be choice of an adorned male by a female was really a mutual attraction to a certain r
28、eproductive site. Mate selection requires an awareness of features characteristic of a suitable breeding site, which might be (15) mirrored in the ornamentation of the male, and thus mate selection is related directly to adaptive niche specialization. From this insight, Austin proceeded to develop a
29、 food-courtship theory of mate selection: the population most efficient in use of the energy available in a particular niche will be the fittest to survive there. Through natural selection, organisms will tend to become specialized to (20) form isolated populations, each adapted to utilize the energ
30、y most efficiently that is available in a particular niche and this process of segregation and specialization of populations is facilitated by employing in the mating process samples of the food available in the preferred niche. In particular cases, the male may display the food to the female or fee
31、d it to her in the courtship (25) ceremony, maybe bearing permanent representations of specific foods on his plumage, and the female may be attracted to the male for these representations of the territorial foods. Austins theory may be applied to the case for mate choice among peafowls, whose males
32、“eyespotted“ tail feathers bear a striking resemblance (30) to blue berries. According to the food-courtship theory, it is because their plumage bears representations of food that peacocks attract peahens, which may explain why males with the most “eyespots“ on their tail have the greatest mating su
33、ccess. Not inconsistent with a possible role of the “eyespots“ in reproductive competition among males and in aesthetic selection, this (35) explanation seems more plausible than the suggestion that by selecting mates according to the perfection of their tail-feather “eyespots“, peahens are able to
34、identify mates with the greatest “fitness“. This process, bringing together males and females of similar tastes and physiologies, may lead to speciation. Some of the male display features may come to be involved in species (40) identification, and it has also been noted that male adornment could hav
35、e a dual function, repelling rival males as well as attracting females. 21 The passage is primarily concerned with （ A） contrasting the role of domination and courtship in determining the evolution of bird plumage （ B） illustrating the effectiveness of a particular approach to categorizing various e
36、volutionary innovations （ C） documenting the origins of a currently accepted scientific theory about food and courtship （ D） proposing a new explanation for the evolutionary reasons behind the ornamentation of male bird plumage （ E） showing that physical adaptation plays an integral role in contribu
37、ting to species identification of birds 22 According to the passage, which of the following determines the shape and coloring of the plumage of a given species of bird within a given ecological niche? （ A） The emergence of a competing species who rely upon the same food source as the first species （
38、 B） The physical appearance of the food supply available in the niche to the given species （ C） The ability of the first species to collect and make use of the nutritional properties of the food within in the niche （ D） The physical appearance of rival males within the species who compete for both t
39、he same food supply and females （ E） The physiological effects on fertility of the food available in the niche 23 It may be inferred from the passage that the most recently accepted theory of peafowl “eyespots“ contradicts, in particular, the ideas of （ A） Jacobs （ B） Wallace （ C） Austin （ D） Darwin
40、 （ E） Huxley 24 Which of the following, if true, would provide the best proof of the food-courtship theory developed by Austin? （ A） The crested guan has a red throat pouch, giving the impression to its mate that the throat contains a red fruit found in its niche. （ B） The blue bowerbird spreads foo
41、d of the same color around his nest, teaching its female young to identify the food as nutritious. （ C） Insect-eating birds are less successful from an evolutionary perspective than birds which bear resemblance and subsist upon bright fruit. （ D） The purple finch relies upon a variety of food source
42、s, but the most nutritious food for birds general happens to be the same color as the finchs coat. （ E） A species of endangered sparrows resembles a food source no longer available in its niche, but the species continues to survive. 25 According to the passage, theorists throughout history have cons
43、idered all of the following as possible reasons for the ornamentation of male plumage EXCEPT （ A） Adornment attracts females on the basis of unconscious aesthetic preferences, increasing their evolutionary advantage. （ B） Adornment attracts females to males who resemble their preferred food source,
44、thus contributing to the mating process. （ C） Adornment among males signifies heightened physical activity to females, thereby indicating evolutionary superiority. （ D） Adornment reduces the amount of energy necessary to frighten rival males, thereby conserving resources. （ E） Adornment in plumage f
45、rightens rivals away from a limited food source, thereby ensuring a dominant males survival. 26 The passage suggests that a semblance between a species plumage and the food available in a given ecological niche （ A） is an evolutionary advantage because it allows the males and females of the species
46、to forage for food more efficiently （ B） is an evolutionary advantage because it tends to permit the isolation of the species population, thus increasing food supply （ C） is an evolutionary advantage because it reduces the necessity for rivalry between males of different species by helping identify
47、females （ D） is an evolutionary advantage because it minimizes the amount of energy necessary for the courtship process （ E） is an evolutionary advantage because it provides a marker for the species territory, thus reducing the energy necessary for controlling the niches food supply 27 Which of the
48、following illustrative devices is NOT used in the passage? （ A） A contrast of different points of view （ B） An analogy that seeks to illustrate （ C） An example of a theorys applications （ D） Expostulation of a theorys predictions （ E） Repetition of key ideas and expressions SECTION 4 Directions: Eac
49、h question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28 BOYCOTT : （ A） patronize （ B） guarantee （ C） require （ D） underestimate （ E） extract 29 ADULTERATION: （ A） e
