1、上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The business was forced to close down for a period but was_revived. （ A） successively （ B） subsequently （ C） predominantly （ D） preliminarily 2 The book might well have_had it been less expensive. （ A） worked out （ B） gone through （ C） caught on （
2、 D） fitted in 3 We had been taken over by another firm, and a management _ was under way. （ A） clean up （ B） set up （ C） break out （ D） take out 4 The poor quality of the film mined the _ perfect product （ A） rather （ B） much （ C） otherwise （ D） particularly 5 Ill have to_this dress a bit before the
3、 wedding next week. （ A） let off （ B） let go （ C） let loose （ D） let out 6 They reached a(n) _ to keep their dispute out of the mass media. （ A） understanding （ B） acknowledgement （ C） limitations （ D） misgivings 7 After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have_about our map.
4、（ A） troubles （ B） fears （ C） limitations （ D） misgivings 8 If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him_. （ A） on your account （ B） on your behalf （ C） for your part （ D） in your interest 9 From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine s job was simple; to struggle with_diseases and g
5、ross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. （ A） immortal （ B） immune （ C） lethal （ D） toxic 10 This is a market in which enterprising businesses_ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms. （ A） cater （ B） entitle （ C） appeal （ D） subje
6、ct 11 Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria_ （ A） flourish （ B） collaborate （ C） embark （ D） congregate 12 American literary historians are perhaps_to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking
7、prominence for uniqueness. （ A） prone （ B） legible （ C） incompatible （ D） prior 13 To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. （ A） repress （ B） intimidate （ C
8、） validate （ D） confine 14 The 1982 oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply. （ A） defers （ B） curtails （ C） trigge
9、rs （ D） sparks 15 These people actively try to_what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. （ A） suppress （ B） regress （ C） enhance （ D） revive 16 As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or_our attention from the real
10、issues at hand. （ A） retaining （ B） sustaining （ C） distracting （ D） obscuring 17 He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in_of peace. （ A） quest （ B） allowance （ C） thirst （ D） greed 18 Unless I was_mistaken, there was. something wrong with Louise. （ A） very much （ B） too （ C） almost （ D
11、） very 19 The widely publicized demonstration did not after all_. （ A） come off （ B） get on （ C） break out （ D） put on 20 The floods did not start to_until two days after the rain had stopped. （ A） retire （ B） recede （ C） retreat （ D） sink 21 Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we
12、do or whoever we contact with. Once you _your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation. （ A） keep up with （ B） give away from （ C） go back on （ D） lose sight of 22 _this coming Thursdag. it will be too late to enroll for the course. （ A） As of （ B） As for （ C） As to （ D） As on
13、 23 An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the_argumentation in commercials. （ A） imperative （ B） fallacious （ C） persuasive （ D） fabulous 24 How can personal income tax be levied to_as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much? （ A）
14、interest （ B） benefit （ C） profit （ D） concern 25 To fund the_event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). （ A） beneficent （ B） expensive （ C） costly （ D） luxurious 26 Japanese workers still put in an im
15、pressive 42 hours each week but they are_by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. （ A） outdone （ B） outweighed （ C） outrun （ D） outrivaled 27 This is an alarming realization as natural resources and the environment are being degraded and _at a record pac
16、e. （ A） wasted （ B） reconstructed （ C） destructed （ D） reversed 28 Charles II was another monarch_ maligned by Victorian historians. （ A） much （ B） very （ C） greatly （ D） deeply 29 The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the_of t
17、he Russian winter. （ A） severity （ B） consequence （ C） influence （ D） threat 30 The company, EDS, is smart enough to_90, 000-person workforce into independent microteams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. （ A） break out （ B） break off （ C） break away from （ D）
18、 break down 31 Most environmental_ from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss have become markedly worse. （ A） symptoms （ B） highlights （ C） indicators （ D） symbols 32 What we call nature is, _, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and natural forces in their intr
19、icate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places. （ A） in common sense （ B） from a sense （ C） by the sense （ D） in a sense 33 Although the“on line“life style has dominated the majority of city youth, most people in the remote countryside still think Internet or something is_ to the
20、ir life. （ A） unconcerned （ B） irrelevant （ C） inseparable （ D） inaccessible 34 _near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popu
21、lar Australian native animals. （ A） Possessing （ B） Acquiring （ C） Apprehending （ D） Interpreting 35 Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, _the postal service is less efficient （ A） where （ B） since （ C） that （
22、 D） whereas 36 The board of directors have already discussed the subject_in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects. （ A） in place （ B） at length （ C） on end （ D） off and on 37 Reflecting on our exploration, we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, vagueness,
23、 and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, _ they may be. （ A） whatsoever （ B） whatever （ C） whichever （ D） which 38 The World Bank is taking steps to_its lending to reducing poverty in the Third World Countries. （ A） orient （ B） tailor （ C） adapt （ D） adj
24、ust 39 Total investments for this year reached $ 56 million, and to put this into_investments this year will double those made in 1997. （ A） sight （ B） vision （ C） perspective （ D） horizon 40 The year of 776 B.C.is considered to be the founding date of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The Games
25、lasted more than 11 centuries_they were banned in 393 A.D. （ A） when （ B） after （ C） as （ D） until 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer are more likely
26、 to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. What might account for mis strange phenomenon? Here
27、 are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills, b) winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d) none of the above
28、. Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above“. Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to
29、psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20, “ Ericsson recalls. “ He kept improving, and after about 200 hour
30、s of training he had risen to over 80 numbers. “ . This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences
31、 two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more
32、than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the da
33、ta they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in m
34、emory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. 41 The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to_ （ A） stress the importance of professional training. （ B） spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup. （ C） introduce the topic of what males
35、 expert perfermance. （ D） explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 42 The word “mania“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means_ （ A） fun. （ B） craze. （ C） hysteria. （ D） excitement 43 According to Ericsson good memory_ （ A） depends on meaningful processing of information. （ B） result
36、s from intuitive rather than cqgnitive exercises. （ C） is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. （ D） requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 44 Ericsson and his colleagues believe that_ （ A） talent is a dominating factor for professional success. （ B） biogr
37、aphical data provide the key to excellent performance. （ C） the role of talent tends to be overlooked. （ D） high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 45 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? （ A） Faith will move mountains. （ B） One reaps what o
38、ne sows. （ C） Practice makes perfect. （ D） Like father, like son. 45 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old
39、; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce nu-merical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from
40、 the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and p
41、hilosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still
42、 seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are
43、 usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks, rather tan simply dividing the mental are by
44、the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life,
45、 argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“. Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ t
46、ests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership that is it predicted the opposit
47、e. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions of skip. 46 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? （ A） Answering philosophical questions. （ B） Folding or cutting paper into different
48、shapes. （ C） Telling the differences between certain concepts. （ D） Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 47 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? （ A） People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. （ B） More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet （ C） The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different （ D） Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 48 People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because_ （ A） the scores are obtained through diff
