1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 187及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Television Since its invention in【 1】 _, television has played an【 1】 _ increasingly important role in ou
3、r life. It affects peoples life in a good way as well as in a bad way. On the good side. Firstly, television has transformed the Way【 2】 _is transmitted. It can show news in pictures. 【 2】 _ So in a way, it brings【 3】 _to the public. 【 3】 _ Secondly, television has transformed【 4】 _. It helps【 4】 _
4、people to be better【 5】 _on political issues and thus 【 5】 _ enhance democracy. On the bad side. First of all, television increases the 【 6】 _between people. People have little chance to 【 6】 _ 【 7】 _with each other due to the distraction of television.【 7】 _ Some social problems and peoples mental
5、problems are partly caused by this. Secondly, television is widely thought to be very harmful to young people. Young people tend to believe and【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ whatever they see on TV. As a result of this, the young generation is more【 9】 _than the old generations. 【 9】 _ Television also makes young pe
6、ople become less【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ They have no interest in reading and their writing ability is very poor. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the qu
7、estions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What sort of children attend Mrs. Leeches school? （ A） Naughty and violent. （ B） Slow and retarded
8、. （ C） Wicked but clever. （ D） Deserted but aggressive. 12 From the organized fights, Mrs. Leech expects the children _. （ A） to learn to keep the rules （ B） to learn what it is like to lose （ C） to learn how to win or lose gracefully （ D） to learn how to win out of defeat 13 According to Mrs. Leech
9、, an aggressive child usually does NOT _. （ A） come from a large family （ B） want to be shouted at （ C） get enough attention （ D） like to sum other others up 14 What does Mrs. Leech say about the classes in her school? （ A） There are five or six groups in each class. （ B） There are 30 to 40 children
10、 in each class. （ C） There are five or six children in each class. （ D） There are 13 to 14 children in each class. 15 Schools like hers are important to society because _. （ A） each of the children gets individual attention here every day （ B） a lot of children can. have a chance to make good here （
11、 C） all the juvenile delinquents get punished here （ D） children at the age of 16 can join the unit SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10
12、seconds to answer the questions. 16 The monument was dedicated to _ in the Second World War. （ A） 4,000 American heroes killed （ B） all American soldiers killed （ C） all Americans who took part （ D） all the soldiers who fought in the Pacific or the Atlantic theatre 17 Which of the following statemen
13、ts about the monument is NOT TRUE? （ A） The monument is situated in Washington D.C. （ B） One of the arches represents the Atlantic theater of the war. （ C） Each of the gold stars sands for an American soldier killed in the war. （ D） The inscription says these people sacrificed their lives for freedo
14、m. 18 Who served in the Second World War? （ A） Bill Clinton and Bob Dole. （ B） Bob Dole and George Herbert Walker Bush. （ C） George Herbert Walker Bush. （ D） George Herbert Walker Bush and Bill Clinton. 19 Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the news? （ A） Many Palestinian houses were des
15、troyed. （ B） Dozens of people were killed. （ C） The raid lasted for almost a week. （ D） The mission of this operation has not been achieved. 20 What might be the target of the Israeli raid? （ A） Illegal weapons dealers. （ B） Two underground passages. （ C） Egyptian smugglers. （ D） Islamic militants.
16、20 During the 1970s and 1980s political extremism and terrorism frequently focused on “national liberation“ and economic issues. The collapse of the Soviet bloc, and the ending of its covert funding and encouragement of terrorism led to a decline in the militant and violent left-wing terrorist group
17、s that were a feature of the age. The 1990s have seen the development of a “new terrorism“. This is not to say that state-backed terrorism has ceased, but rather that the spectrum of terrorism has widened. This new extremism is frequently driven by religious fervor, is transnational, sanctions extre
18、me violence, and may often be millenialist. The new terrorism may seek out military or government targets, but it also seeks out symbolic civilian targets, and the victims have mostly been innocent civilians, Growing concern about this new terrorism has been paralleled by concern about the employmen
19、t of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs offer a new dimension for political extremists and terrorists. They allow the diffusion of command and control; they allow boundless new opportunities for communication, and they allow the players to target the information stores,
20、processes and communications of their opponents. The sophistication of the modern nation-state, and its dependency on computer-based ICTs, make the state ever more vulnerable The use of ICTs to influence, modify, disrupt or damage a nation state, its institutions or population by influencing the med
21、ia, Or by subversion, has been called “netwar“, The full range of weapons in the cyberspace armory can be employed in netwar; from propaganda campaigns at one level to interference with databases and networks at the other. What particularly distinguishes netwar from other forms of war is that it tar
22、gets information and communications, and may be used to alter thinking or disrupt planned actions. In this sense it can be distinguished from earlier forms of warfareeconomic wars that target the means of production, and political wars that target leadership and government. Netwar is therefore of pa
23、rticular interest to those engaged in non-military war, or those operating at sub-state level. Clearly nation states might also consider it, as an adjunct to military war or as an option prior to moving on to military war. So far, however, it appears to be of greater interest to extremist advocacy g
24、roups and terrorists. Because there are no physical limits or boundaries, netwar has been adopted by groups who operate across great distances or transnationally. The growth of such groups, and their growing powers in relation to those of nation states, suggests an evolving power-based relationship
25、for both. Military strategist Martin Van Creveld has suggested that war in the future is more likely to be waged between such groups and states rather than between states and states. Most modern adversaries of nation states in the realm of low intensity conflict, such as international terrorists, si
26、ngle-issue extremists and ethnic and religious extremists are organized in networks, although their leadership may sometimes be hierarchical. Law enforcement and security agencies therefore often have difficulty in engaging in low intensity conflict against such networks because they are ill suited
27、to cio so. Their doctrine, training and modus operandi have, all too often, been predicated on combating a hierarchy of command, like their own. Only now are low-intensity conflict and terrorism recognized as “strategic“ threats to nation states, and countries which until very recently thought that
28、terrorism was something that happened elsewhere, have become victims themselves. The Tokyo subway attack by the Aum Shinriko and the Oklahoma City bombing would have been unthinkable a generation ago, and not only was the civil population unprepared, but also law enforcement. And this despite clear
29、warning signs that such attacks were in the offing. The potential for physical conflict to be replaced by attacks on information infrastructures has caused states to rethink their concepts of warfare, threats and national assets, at a time when information is recognized as a national asset. The adop
30、tion of new information technologies and the use of new communication media, such as the Internet, create vulnerabilities that can be exploited by individuals, organizations and states. 21 Which of the following is a major feature of the new terrorism? （ A） It obtains financial support from foreign
31、powers. （ B） It focuses on military targets of the enemy states. （ C） It tends to be organized in a hierarchical manner. （ D） It may choose important civilian targets to attack. 22 Netwar should be understood as a war aimed at _. （ A） disrupting the enemys communication systems （ B） damaging the ins
32、titutions of the enemy state （ C） manipulating the enemys means of production （ D） destroying the leadership of the enemy state 23 We can infer from the passage that _. （ A） traditional terrorism was mainly driven by religious fervor （ B） ideological differences will continue to be a cause of terror
33、ism （ C） attacks from small terrorist groups will increasing （ D） the high-tech weapons will greatly facilitate terrorist attacks 24 The best title of the passage is _. （ A） ICT： A New Weapon for Terrorism （ B） Netwar: An Unfamiliar Form of Warfare （ C） Internet: A Vulnerable Target of Extremists （
34、D） New Terrorism: A Real Threat to the World 25 The main difficulty the police have in combating terrorist groups is _. （ A） their poor equipment （ B） the insufficiency of budget （ C） their obsolete way of command （ D） the transnational nature of the new terrorism 25 How Kids Learn It is a big day f
35、or the “expert baby. A minivan bearing an official University of Washington seal picks up the 14-month-old boy and his mother and takes them to a Seattle day-care center. Once inside, he is placed at the head of a table surrounded by his “students,“ a bevy of babies his age. Researchers from the uni
36、versitys psychology department observe and take notes. The miniprofessor begins his lesson: Whaaack! He smacks the top of a special camping cup with his palm, and it collapses. His pupils look at one another, wide-eyed. Then he deftly pulls apart a puzzle and puts it back together. As a finale, he h
37、its a hidden button on a box, which produces a buzzing sound. A delighted squeal rises from the audience. Wunderkind is then whisked away. Two days later, a researcher visits the houses of each of the young pupils, unpacking a black bag to reveal the little-professors toys. The infants grin in recog
38、nition and repeat the tricks they observed. Like the expert baby before them, they have mastered these routines. But when the researchers visit babies who havent been primed, the results are decidedly different. Those babies bang the cup on the table, but never collapse it. They chew on the puzzle,
39、but dont assemble it. They rub the box, but fail to find the secret button. The expert baby and his cohorts are part of a revolution in how scientists view very young children. For most of this century, infants were regarded as gurgling blobs, soaking up sights and sounds but unable to make much use
40、 of them. But it turns out that babies are reasoning beings even in their very first months. “Before they have the ability to use language, infants can think, draw conclusions, make 15redictions, look for explanations, and even do miniexperiments,” says Andrew Meltzoff, head of developmental psychol
41、ogy at the University of Washington and coauthor of The Scientist in the Crib, published this week. 26 In the passage, “cohorts“ (in the first line of the 4th paragraph) refer to _. （ A） the toys the miniprofessor used （ B） the babies taking part in the research （ C） the researchers conducting the s
42、tudy （ D） the teachers at the day-care center 27 The word Wunderkind probably means _. （ A） box （ B） young genius （ C） puzzle （ D） squeal 28 The experiment described in the passage shows that _. （ A） an infant prodigy performs much better than ordinary kids （ B） developmental psychology is an intere
43、sting subject （ C） babies can learn intricate tricks so long as they are trained （ D） toys are important tools to teach science with 28 AIDS is not transmitted through routine, nonintimate contact in the home or the workplace. Transmission from one person to another appears to require either intimat
44、e sexual contact or exchange of blood or body fluids (whether from contaminated hypodermic needles or syringes, transfusions of infected blood, or transmission from an infected mother to her child before or during birth). As of April 1988, 98,000 cases of AIDS had been identified in the United State
45、s, and more than 21,000 persons had died of AIDS. Among those who died were well-known figures in the worlds of politics, the arts, entertainment, business, and sports. As has been well publicized, the high-risk groups most in danger of contracting AIDS are homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous (
46、IV) drug users, and their sexual partners. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that AIDS is a particular danger for the urban poor, in good part because of transmission via IV drug use. Whereas blacks and Hispanics represent about 20 percent of the nations population, they constitute 40 per
47、cent of all Americans with AIDS. Moreover, 91 percent of infants with AIDS are nonwhite. According to government projections, the AIDS epidemic will achieve even more distressing proportions by the early 1990s. It is estimated that 54,000 to 64,000 Americans will die from AIDS in 1991. By that time,
48、 some 270,000 Americans will have AIDS and 1.5 million Americans will be infected with the HIV virus. Just as the number of AIDS cases will skyrocket by the 1990s, so too will the costs of the disease. On the micro level of social interaction, it has been widely forecast that AIDS will lead to a mor
49、e conservative sexual climateamong both homosexuals and heterosexualsin which people will be much more cautious about involvement with new partners. Yet, in a survey in early 1987, 92 percent of the respondents claimed that AIDS would have no impact on how they conduct their lives. In line with these data, a long-term study of the wives of hemophiliacs with AIDS revealed a common f
