1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 480及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Academic Research and Project Design I. Research and Design (1) _ is a spring of creation while interest
3、is a power source for motivation. The importance of designing is to give a (2)_ from which you take off. II. Identifying Academic Research and Project Design 1)The most important is to choose a good topic. a meaningful topic from all (3)_. e. g. a meaningful topic of possible events on a given festi
4、val. a research question is defined as a (4)_of something, i. e. the most important and specific problem you want to answer in your research. 2) A good plan means a lot to a research project. The factors you consider in the first stage of academic writing; (5)_.Hierarchy and Perspective. The factors
5、 are interdependent and correlated. Change in one factor means further (6)_to the others. A certain perspective provides you with a chance to do things differently and creatively. III. (7)_in Academic Research and Project Design 1) Choosing meaningful and interesting topics. find something more and
6、relevant issues. (8)_refer to things naturally or logically related to ideas or topics in your research. 2) Selecting something practical and economical. narrow down the (9)_ of discussion or investigation. learn how to select and give up. 3) Choosing something (10)_. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions:
7、 In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What s
8、ubject is Mr. Pitt good at? （ A） Art. （ B） French. （ C） German. （ D） Chemistry. 12 What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time? （ A） Doing a bit of acting and photography. （ B） Going to concerts frequently. （ C） Playing traditional jazz and folk music. （ D） Traveling in Europe by hitch-hiking. 13 Wh
9、en asked what a managers role is, Mr. Pitt sounds （ A） confident. （ B） hesitant. （ C） resolute. （ D） doubtful. 14 What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be? （ A） An export salesman working overseas. （ B） An accountant working in the company. （ C） A production manager in a branch. （ D） A policy make
10、r in the company. 15 Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE? （ A） Trainees are required to sign contracts initially. （ B） Trainees performance is evaluated when necessary. （ C） Trainees starting salary is 870 pounds. （ D） Trainees cannot quit the management sch
11、eme. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） World oil pric
12、es rose again after a short decline. （ B） More investors shifted their interest in the U. S. dollars. （ C） The Russian president suggested less dependence on the dollar. （ D） The U. S. dollars gained value after world oil prices rose. 16 The dark smoke that comes out of Stacks or from a burning dump
13、 contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us iii. Air pollution
14、can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow“ from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill
15、 babies, older people ,and those who have respiratory(呼吸道的 ) diseases. In London, in 1952,four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the small town of Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty people died in a four-day period of bad air pollution. At levels
16、often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases, such as emphysema ,bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pol
17、lution can cause both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we dont know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. Thes
18、e changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals we are apt to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is s
19、o important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soils and corrodes our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our governme
20、nt is astronomical. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 17 The author mentions people dying of air pollution in _. （ A） Illinois （ B） Pennsylvania （ C） New Jersey （ D） Washington 18 Air pollution causes airplane ac
21、cidents because _. （ A） pilots become ill （ B） visibility is reduced （ C） engines fail. （ D） the air is too hot 19 Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and _. （ A） intelligence levels （ B） antisocial behavior （ C） birth defects （ D） divorce percentage 20 Scientists have not yet det
22、ermined _. （ A） all of the effects of pollution on the human body （ B） how pollution can be controlled successfully （ C） when the atmosphere first became polluted （ D） how to wash the black snow clean 21 We can conclude that _. （ A） civilization may be doomed if pollution is not controlled （ B） poll
23、ution is more serious in Europe than it is in America （ C） most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem （ D） black snow is not so serious compared with white snow 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the bes
24、t answer to each question. 22 An empire “on which the sun never sets“ is a nickname of the Britain during the reign of （ A） Queen Elizabeth I （ B） Queen Victoria （ C） Queen Mary I （ D） Henry VIII 23 Jack London is considered as the founder of （ A） Psychological Realism. （ B） Romanticism. （ C） Sentim
25、entalism. （ D） Modernism. 24 The rapid development of American economy after the Civil War was mainly due to_. （ A） a stable political environment and available capital for investment （ B） sufficient labor supply because of free slaves and immigrants from Europe and Asia （ C） scientific invention an
26、d government policies （ D） all of the above 25 The relationship between “meat“ and “meet“ is （ A） synonymy. （ B） antonymy. （ C） polysemy. （ D） homonymy. 26 Oxford is on （ A） the Thames River. （ B） River Clyde. （ C） the Severn River. （ D） the Great Lakes. 27 The Head of State of New Zealand is （ A） t
27、he Governor General. （ B） the Parliament. （ C） the British monarch. （ D） the Prime Minister. 28 Degradation can be illustrated by the following example_ （ A） lewd改成 ignorant （ B） silly改成 foolish （ C） last改成 pleasure （ D） knave改成 boy 29 Which of the following might fail to associate you with London?
28、（ A） Capital of England. （ B） Big Ben. （ C） Golden Gate Bridge. （ D） Downing Street. 30 In the first book of Miltons Paradise Lost, the image of Satan is that of a(n) _. （ A） proud and deceitful revolutionary （ B） evil and wretched demon （ C） defeated but not conquered hero （ D） somber and irreconci
29、lable enemy 31 Which of the following came into being as a non-religious American festival? （ A） Thanksgiving. （ B） Christmas. （ C） Easter. （ D） Resurrection. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING Curiosity is a spring of creation. Interest is a power source for motivation. Research learning can greatly satisfy y
30、our needs in these two aspects. Then why do we need planning in our academic writing? This is really a great question. Here are some explanations. Suppose you have a good idea about something in your study, which can be the result of a curious study of an issue. You may want to see if this idea is r
31、eally important and meaningful to your study or your work, and see if you are motivated by a strong interest in this issue. What should you do at the beginning of this attempt? You can start by designing a good research plan for your project. (2) Can you see the importance of designing for scientifi
32、c research? It gives you a starting point from which you can take off. Writing is a difficult job. Learning how to write in a foreign language is more difficult. But academic writing in English is the most difficult thing for all non-native speakers. When you take up your big project in this writing
33、 class,you are exposed to academic writing. If you want to do a good job in this training,what you need most is how to make a meaningful outline so that other things will come out in a natural way. Our discussion concerning the big project training is arranged into two successive units. First,in thi
34、s unit we are going to identify some important things in project designing. Then, in the next unit we will present you a research design we have made for our research project in e-leaming. Keep this in mind: You have to know that it will take much time and energy to do research and you cannot expect
35、 to carry out a good project at one stroke. For this reason,we hope that you will follow us and get ready for more details that will come out as we move on together. Interested students are encouraged to go to the next unit for more information concerning the big project training. When doing researc
36、h,the first important thing is to choose a good topic. “Good“ is a rather vague expression in this case. (3) Alternatively, we mean that you must choose a meaningful topic from a lot of possibilities and write something about it. For instance, if you want to do a study of how people celebrate a give
37、n festival, you can choose a more meaningful topic by focusing on one of many possible events that may take place on this special occasion. (4) Most of our research can be defined as a problem study of something. Put another way, we want to identify some big problems in our research and try to find
38、out possible solutions to them. (4) Reasoning in this way, you may soon understand why in your research design you need to say a few words about your research questions. By a rather loose definition,a research question can be regarded as the most important and specific problems you want to answer in
39、 your study. A satisfactory treatment of this question,we believe,will help you have a better understanding of the whole issue you are addressing. A good plan means a lot of things for a successful research project. According to our teaching and research experiences, (5) when you are in the first st
40、age of academic writing,you need to consider the following factors in your designing: Categorization, Hierarchy and Perspective. These three factors are interdependent and correlated with each other. (6) If you change a factor you need to make further adjustments to the other factors as well. Otherw
41、ise, you cannot expect to have a good design. In addition, this model will be a very effective way to solve the problem of non-originality and overlap in your research design. Functionally speaking,a perspective implies a given way you select to examine, analyze, and discuss your research questions.
42、 The reason for you to have a certain perspective is that it will be likely to provide you with a chance to do things in a different and creative way. Above are some important factors we identify in a research design task. Below are some strategies you may turn to whenever you need them. 1. Choosing
43、 something meaningful and interesting so that you would like to write something about it. 2. Selecting something practical and economical so that you can deal with it easily and comfortably. 3. (10) Choosing something familiar so that you do not need to kill yourself, while still doing a good job. C
44、hoosing a meaningful topic is necessary but not enough. You must also try to find something more and relevant issues into a good piece of writing. We usually do this by setting up a variety of associations. (8) Associations are things that are naturally or logically related to a general idea or topi
45、c you want to look at in your research paper. Do not stay at the surface level of discussion. (9) You need to go deeper in your discussion by narrowing down the scope of your discussion or investigation. A far too common mistake committed by novice researchers is that they tend to thrust everthing t
46、hey happen to come upon into the project. A good researcher must learn how to select and give up. What we discuss above are some fundamental principles and basic strategies for you to do a research project of your own. Move on with us and you will get more tips and incentives for writing a nice rese
47、arch paper. Thanks for your attention. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 Curiosity 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座一开始形象地解释了学术研究与项目设计的联系： an easy way to interpret the relationship between these two things is： Curiosity is a spring of creation Interest is a power source for motivation好奇心、求知欲是创造性的源泉，而兴趣爱好是强大的动力。这是讲座的细节内容 ，应填入Curios
48、ity。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 starting point 【试题解析】 本题为概括题。讲座中提到 Can you see the importance of designing for scientific research? It gives you a starting point from which you can take off好的项目设计是开展学术研究的起点，因此填入 starting point。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确 答案】 possibilities 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者认为第一步要完成的就是选定好的话题，而对于好的话题，演讲者认
49、为 we mean that you must choose a meaningful topic from a lot of possibilities and write something about it即从众多可选话题中选择更有意义的一个话题，因此填入 possibilities。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 problem study question study 【试题解析】 本题为概括题。讲座提到 Most of our research can be defined as a problem study of something而且下文也讲到 Reasoning in this way， you may soon understand why in your research design you need to say a few words about your research questions a research question can be regarded as the most importan
