1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. W
2、hen the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 The Importance of Questions For non-native speakers of English who want to participate in group discussions
3、, it is important to be able to ask questions in order to resolve their difficulties. . Causes of Breakdowns in 【 1】 _ 1. On students part insufficient command over the 【 2】 _ of English poor pronunciation 2. On teachers part uncertainty of whether his student has asked a question the students 【 3】
4、_ to employ the correct question form the teacher interprets the question as a comment difficulties arising even when the student employs an/a 【 4】 _ question form the teacher may not know about the 【 5】 _ of the student difficulty . Specific Questions 1. Begin questions with an/a 【 6】 _ 2. Be caref
5、ul to 【 7】 _ the exact point. . Another Reason for the Correct Use of 【 8】 _ Politeness 1. The students uses the imperative 【 9】 _ the question form when he is nervous or struggling with new subject matter. 2. The teacher may interpret it as 【 10】 _ and feel angry. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】
6、 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of
7、 the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the interview, which of the following statements is TRUE about Sam? （ A） He has rushed out to get the crib. （ B） He is going to have a baby soon. （ C） He is not good at family budget. （ D） He doesnt plan properly for his lif
8、e. 12 When it comes to nursing articles, Sam suggests that parents should （ A） go to a Costco. （ B） buy in large quantity. （ C） ask for others favor. （ D） buy second-hand items. 13 Sometimes parents buy the best thing in all the labels because it is about （ A） price. （ B） quality. （ C） status. （ D）
9、safety. 14 If parents want to know how they spend the money, they should （ A） figure out where the money goes. （ B） take a piece of paper with them. （ C） budget for a baby every day. （ D） note down every expense. 15 According to the interviewee, parents can do all of the following to save money EXCE
10、PT （ A） swaping clothes with other parents. （ B） buying clothes in discount stores. （ C） buying fancy newborn equipment. （ D） going on eBay to buy nursing articles. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions
11、 that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What did the government intend to do in the beginning? （ A） To greatly restrict public smoking. （ B） To ban smoking in all public places. （ C） To supervise smoking in some bars. （ D） To ban public sm
12、oking in England. 17 The staff who work in public places would favor the ban because （ A） they dont have to inhale foul air. （ B） they dont have to serve smokers. （ C） they will get more tips from non-smokers. （ D） there will be a rise on their salaries. 18 Present Kibaki has called for patience of
13、the investigation of the scandals because （ A） he didnt want to approve the resignation of Education Minister. （ B） the resigned officials wanted the opportunity to prove their innocence. （ C） he thinks corruption hasnt reached high levels of the government. （ D） John Githongo gave testimony to visi
14、ting Kenya members of Parliament. 19 President Mohammad Abbas has been given the authority to bypass parliament because （ A） Fatah Party intended to irritate the militant group Hamas. （ B） Fatah Party wanted to strengthen the legislative power. （ C） Fatah Party was defeated in the Palestinian electi
15、on. （ D） Fatah Party suffered a stunning defeat in the constitutional court. 20 The discovery of the tomb will enable archeologists to know about the life of （ A） commons. （ B） farmers. （ C） aristocrats. （ D） workers. 21 Internet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion in re
16、venue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper J affray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within this f
17、lourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares. It works like this. Advertisers bid on keywords that they believe potential customers will be interested in. This enables Internet firms
18、 such as Google, the market leader, and Yahoo!, its smaller rival, to display advertisements alongside the results of Internet searches. Somebody searching for a particular type of wine, for example, might see advertisements from wine merchants. Google, Yahoo! and other firms also place ads on affil
19、iates websites-so wine merchants advertisements might also appear on a wine-appreciation site. The advertiser pays only when a consumer clicks on an ad; the owner of the website where the ad was displayed then receives a small commission. The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional a
20、dvertising are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. The price per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword
21、, though the average is around $ 0.50. But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called “click fraud“-bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your o
22、wn website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firms advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10
23、% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure. Bill Gross, the entrepreneur who pioneered the pay-per-click model back in 1998, was aware of the problem even then. He installed a three-layered defence system: a filter to weed out clicks from known fraudsters at the outset, statisticians and s
24、oftware to spot suspicious click patterns, and co-operation with advertisers to enable them to analyse the leads generated and sound the alarm if necessary. But generally the industry adopted a rather cavalier attitude to click fraud. Eric Schmidt, the boss of Google, caused uproar a few months ago
25、when he seemed to suggest that the “perfect economic solution“ to click fraud was to “let it happen“. He was responding to a theoretical question during a debate at Stanford University, but his response reinforced the perception that Google had higher priorities than addressing the problem. Such a f
26、lippant attitude has not gone down well with advertisers, who are up in arms about the problem. Some have even resorted to legal action. Google reached a settlement in March with Lanes Gifts and Collectibles, a gift shop based in Arkansas, and agreed to offer refunds to advertisers who claim they ha
27、ve been charged for bogus clicks. Such refunds are capped at $ 90m, however, so many observers think Google got off lightly. And in June Yahoo! promised to intensify its efforts to fight click fraud as part of a settlement with CheckMate, a fraud-detection firm. As well as offering refunds for click
28、s determined to be fraudulent, Yahoo! agreed to appoint a “traffic-quality advocate“ to voice advertisers concerns within the company. In the wake of these legal challenges, Google and Yahoo! recently joined a working group at the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), which will establish standards
29、for pay-per-click advertising, including the introduction of industry-funded auditing and certification, by the middle of 2009. “I believe Google and Yahoo! are now taking the issue very seriously,“ says David Jones, chief executive of Euro RSCG, an advertising company. But Rishad Tobaccowala, head
30、of innovation at Publicis, one of the worlds biggest advertising groups, says it is too early to say whether the measures being taken against click fraud will be Enough to satisfy advertisers. 21 We can infer from the sentence “And it is still early days“ in the first paragraph that （ A） Internet ad
31、vertising is very promising and profitable. （ B） Internet advertising is newly-developed and problematic. （ C） whether Internet advertising will grow remains a question. （ D） people cannot predict the future of Internet advertising. 22 The word “saddle“ in the fourth paragraph probably means （ A） en
32、cumber. （ B） charge. （ C） associate. （ D） tie. 23 All of the following were taken as measures to guard against click fraud EXCEPT （ A） the collaboration between an enterpriser and advertisers. （ B） the installation of a defense system. （ C） the application of certain software. （ D） the employment of
33、 some statisticians. 24 Which of the following adjectives can best summarize advertisers reaction to Eric Schmidts let-it-hap pen attitude? （ A） Nonchalant. （ B） Wrathful. （ C） Disdainful. （ D） Repulsive. 25 In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true gladiators. Were pushing our kids to
34、 get good grades, take SAT prep courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole dont get in, theyre forever doomed. Gosh, were delusional. Ive
35、 twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. Its one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids college pedigrees as trophies attesting to how well-or how poorly-weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So w
36、eve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. Its true that getting into college has generally become tougher because the numbe
37、r of high school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 2.8 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at elite schools dwarfs population growth. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there w
38、ont be enough trophies to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. “The epicenters of parental anxiety used to be on the coasts: Boston, New York, Washington, Los Angeles, “says Tom Parker, Amhersts admissions dean.“ But its radiated throughout the country.“
39、 Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All thats plausibleand mostly wrong. “We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestig
40、e matters,“ says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co-author of How College Affects Students, an 827-page evaluation of hundreds of studies of the college experience. Selective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to
41、a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some dont. On two measures-professors feedback and the number of essay examsselective schools do slightly worse. By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2 percent to
42、4 percent for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study by Princeton economist Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale of Mathematica Policy Research examined students who got into highly selective schools and then
43、went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people
44、 go elsewhere. Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition-the job market, graduate schoolthe results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Krueger studied admissions to one lop Ph. D. program. High scores on the Graduate Record Exam helped explain who got in;
45、 Ivy League degrees didnt. So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may
46、get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study of students 20 years out found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints. Wh
47、at fires parents fanaticism is their self-serving desire to announce their own success. Many succumb; I did. I located my ideal school for my daughter. She got in and went elsewhere. Take that, Dad. I located the ideal school for my son. Heck, he wouldnt even visit the place. Pow, Dad. They both lov
48、e their schools and seem amply stimulated. Foolish Dad. 25 The word “gladiators“ in the first paragraph probably means （ A） colossuses. （ B） commanders. （ C） warriors. （ D） gluttons. 26 The authors attitude to the parents claim “our motives are selfless and sensible“ is one of （ A） antipathy. （ B） a
49、pathy. （ C） ambivalence. （ D） dissent. 27 It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that （ A） American youth have fewer choices but to go to elite schools. （ B） the competition for elite schools is fiercer in the United States. （ C） the parents should not put too much pressure on their children. （ D） the childrens future will be bleak without going to elite schools. 28 Which of the following statements about selective schools is TRUE? （ A） S
