1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 586及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Problems Learners of English Face The problems learners of English face can be divided into three bro
3、ad categories: a)【 1】 problems, some of which involve fear of !he unknown, and some of which are caused by the possible homesickness of the overseas student. b)culture problems, which are bound up with the British way of life, including【 2】 , habits and traditions. c)【 3】 problems, for which there a
4、re a number of reasons: First, it seems to overseas students that English people speak very【 4】 . Second, they speak with a variety of【 5】 . Third, different styles of speech are used. What can a student do to overcome these difficulties? He should attend【 6】 and use a language laboratory as much as
5、 possible. He should also listen to programmes in English on the radio and TV. Most important of all, he should take every opportunity to speak with【 7】 . Finally. I have some advice for students who have difficulty in speaking English fluently. Firstly, he must【 8】 what he wants to say. Secondly, h
6、e must try to【 9】 in English. This will only begin to take place when his use of English becomes【 10】 . 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the que
7、stions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 From which place did they start their sightseeing? （ A） Houses of Parliament and Big Ben. （ B） The
8、south bank of the Thames. （ C） Lambeth Bridge. （ D） Westminster Abbey. 12 Where does the Horatio Nelson the naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England stand? （ A） St. James s Park. （ B） Whitehall. （ C） Downing Street. （ D） Trafalg
9、ar Square. 13 According to the conversation when are all the big shops closed? （ A） On weekend. （ B） On Sunday. （ C） On workday. （ D） On Saturday. 14 From the conversation we can know where is the Chinese Embassy? （ A） At Marble Arch. （ B） Near Hyde Park. （ C） In Portland place. （ D） At Mayfair. 15
10、From the conversation what can we deduce? （ A） Robinson is an English. （ B） Li is very familiar with London. （ C） It is the Lis first look at London. （ D） It is the Robinsons first look at London. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen careful
11、ly and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Sam Edwards died from_. （ A） a stroke （ B） cancer （ C） high blood pressure （ D） a heart disease 17 Sam Edwards made his first stage appearance in_. （ A） Tess of the St
12、orm Country （ B） The Adventures of Sonny and Buddy （ C） The Edwards Family （ D） Winnie the Pooh 17 The coming of the railways in the 1830s transformed society and economic life by providing, for the first time, mass transport for passengers and goods. One man, George Stephenson, is sometimes called
13、the “father of the railways“ although he did not invent either the locomotive or the rails. The basic idea of a “railway“ was an old one, mainly used in mines. In the sixteenth century, miners found it was easier to push their loads in a truck with wooden wheels over planks than to push it through m
14、ud and over rocks. Later they developed plateways, which were long pieces of iron fixed to the ground to channel the wheels along, in place of the wooden planks. So these were the early rails, but what about the locomotives? Locomotive is short for locomotive engine, which means a self - propeled en
15、gine. Steam engines were well - known in mines and factories by the early nineteenth century, and some people had the idea of putting them on wheels as a substitute for human and horse power in pulling loads. The first such locomotive was built by an English man called Richard Trevithick in the year
16、 1804. His engine worked but there were serious technical problems. The locomotives were very heavy, for example and kept breaking the track. At this stage, they didnt even offer any economic advantage. So locomotives didnt really catch on then. One early enthusiast, though, was George Stephenson, w
17、ho had been doing various mechanical and engineering jobs at coal mines since he was a boy. He didnt have much formal education, but he was good at fixing things, from shoes to clocks to steam engines. He had devised on ingenious safety lamp for the mines, one that wouldnt cause explosions undergrou
18、nd. The engines at the mines were mostly stationary, fixed machines for pumping water or for winding or hauling loads by cables. But George Stephenson also built a number of experimental locomotives. Thats how he came to be involved , in september 1825, with the opening of an innovative railway line
19、 in northern England. Until then, the only railways had been small, private lines carrying coal or metal ores from mines to the nearest river or canal. The Stockton and Darlington railway was different. It was a public railway and for this new railway, George Stephenson designed a locomotive called“
20、 locomotion“ which was used to haul passengers from the first day. The idea of carrying passengers as well as freight was born and soon turned out, quite unexpectedly, to be a phenomenal success. The booming Industrial Revolution also meant a growing demand for goods transport, which the railways we
21、re able to meet. But although railways were now becoming established, locomotives werent. They still faced competition from both horsepower and stationary winding engines. This is really where George Stephenson comes in. The next big railway project was a fifty - kilometre line to link Liverpool and
22、 Manchester, again in northern England. The directions couldnt decide which method of haulage they should go for. On the whole they favoured winding engines, stationed every two or three kilometres along the track. But Stephenson, who was on the board of directors, argued doggedly in favor of locomo
23、tives, and in the end they agreed to offer a prize to see if anyone could build one good enough to do the job. Stephenson entered the contest, of course he was competitive by nature anyway with a locomotive built by his son, Robert George himself was too busy surveying the railway line but Robert wa
24、s also an excellent engineer and he designed a magnificent engine called the Rocket, the true ancestor of the modern steam locomotive. The most important feature of the Rocket was its multi -tube boiler. Instead of just one wide tube carrying hot air from the furnace through the water of the boiler,
25、 beating it into steam, the Rocket had twenty - five little tubes, which gave it a much greater surface area in contact with the water, so it made more steam, much faster. It also had a blast pipe. It other words, exhaust steam was sen! up the chimney in a rapid blast which pulled a draught of air a
26、cross the furnace, making it burn better. All this made the locomotive more powerful. On the last run of the trials, George opened the throttle up and the Rocket achieved an amazing speed of thirty miles an hour. This really proved the feasibility of using locomotives to haul trains on railways. 18
27、In a true sense, plateways are the earliest and most primitive railways invented by _. （ A） industrial workers （ B） George Stephenson （ C） the miners （ D） the miners work 19 At first, locomotives could not popularize themselves because they _. （ A） could not bring profits or save much labor （ B） att
28、ract people （ C） only caught some peoples interest （ D） were not welcome 20 The multi-tube boiler system made the Rocket, Roberts locomotive, _. （ A） powerful （ B） achieve a speed of 30 miles an hour （ C） acquire 25 little tubes （ D） good for hauling trains 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Dir
29、ections: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 _ which began publishing in 1785, is the United Kingdoms oldest daily newspaper. （ A） Daily Mirror （ B） Daily Star （ C） Daily Express （ D） The Times 22 The Hundred Years War lasted from_to_.
30、 （ A） 1337; 1450 （ B） 1337; 1453 （ C） 1330; 1453 （ D） 1337; 1455 23 Slavery was totally abolished in the United States in_. （ A） 1830 （ B） 1863 （ C） 1865 （ D） 1965 24 G. B. Shaws play Mrs. Warrens Profession is a realistic exposure of the_in the English society. （ A） slum landlordism （ B） inequality
31、 between men and women （ C） political corruption （ D） economic exploitation of women 25 In Britain the real power was in _. （ A） the Monarch （ B） the Home of Lords （ C） the House of Commons （ D） the Queen 26 There are some_universities in the United Kingdom, including the Open University. （ A） 75 （
32、B） 80 （ C） 85 （ D） 95 28 The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _in American literature. （ A） the Age of Colonicalism （ B） the Age of Romanticism （ C） the Age of Realism （ D） the Age of Modernism 29 _ is the effect of language in which the intended meaning is the opposite of wh
33、at is stated. （ A） Metaphor （ B） Simile （ C） Personification （ D） Irony 30 _ made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. （ A） Alexander Pope （ B） John Bunyan （ C） Daniel Defoe （ D） Jonathan Swift 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING enjoyment of his activities in Britain
34、and the passage of time are the only real help here. Looking now at the cultural problems, we can see that some of them are of a very practical nature, e.g. arranging satisfactory accommodation, getting used to British money (or the lack of it), British food and weather. Some of the cultural difficu
35、lties are less easy to define: they are bound up with the whole range of alien customs, habits and traditions - in other words, the British way of life. Such difficulties include: settling into a strange environment and a new academic routine; learning a new set of social habits, ranging from the ti
36、mes of meals to the meanings of gestures; expressing appropriate greetings; understanding a different kind of humor; and learning how to make friends. Being open-minded and adaptable is the best approach to some of the difficulties listed here. The largest category is probably linguistic. Lets look
37、at this in some details. Most students have learnt English at school, but they have had little everyday opportunity to practise using English. When foreign learners first come to the country, they have great difficulty in understanding ! There arc a number of reasons for this. Ill just mention three
38、 of them. Firstly, it seems to overseas students that English people speak very fast. Secondly, they speak with a variety of accents. Thirdly, different styles of speech are used in different situations, e.g. everyday spoken English, which is colloquial and idiomatic, is different from the English u
39、sed for academic purposes. Dont forget, by the way, that if the students have difficulty in understanding the English-speaking people, these people may also have difficulty in understanding the students ! What can a student do then lo overcome these difficulties? Well, obviously, he can benefit from
40、 attending English classes and, if a language laboratory is available, use it as much as possible. He should also listen to programmes in English on the radio and TV. Perhaps the most important of all, he should take every available opportunity to meet and speak with native English-speaking people.
41、He should be aware, however, that English people are, by temperament, often reserved and may be unwilling to start a conversation. Nevertheless, if he has the courage to take the initiative, however difficult it may seem to be, most English people will respond. He will need patience and perseverance
42、. In addition to these problems regarding listening and understanding, the student probably has difficulty in speaking English fluently. He has the ideas, he knows what to say but he doesnt know how to say it in English. The advice here will seem difficult to follow but its necessary. Firstly, he mu
43、st simplify his language so that he can express himself reasonably clearly, for example, short sentences will be better than long ones. Secondly, he must try to think in English, not translate from his mother tongue. This will only begin to take place when his use of English becomes automatic; using
44、 a language laboratory and listening to as much English as possible will help. In general, he should practise speaking as much as possible. He should also notice the kind of English and its structure that educated people use, and try to imitate it. 1 【正确答案】 psychological 2 【正确答案】 alien/foreign custo
45、ms 3 【正确答案】 linguistic 4 【正确答案】 fast/quickly 5 【正确答案】 accents 6 【正确答案】 English classes 7 【正确答案】 the native speaker/people 8 【正确答案】 simplify/shorten 9 【正确答案】 think 10 【正确答案】 automatic SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer
46、the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 10 【听力原文】 Robinson: Li, I suggest we do a quick tour of central London. As it is Sunday, there
47、is very little traffic. What do you think? Li: Thats a great idea, Robinson. What a wonderful view! Robinson: It is, isnt it? We are now on the south bank of the Thames. You can see the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben from here. I used to work as a tourist guide when I was a student. Lets see if I
48、can still do it. Were now crossing Lambeth Bridge into Westminster. Now we can turn right and drive past Westminster Abbey, where the kings and queens of England are crowned. Li: Whats that park on the left? Robinson: Thats St. Jamess Park. Well drive back here later. Now were going along Whitehall.
49、 Number 10 Downing Street, where the Prime Minister lives, is on your left. Li: Is that the one with the policeman standing outside? Robinson: Thats it. Were coming into Trafalgar Square. This is equally famous for its statue of Horatio Nelson and its pigeons. Li: Horatio? Robinson: Nelson. The naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England. And this is Piccadilly Circus with its statu
