1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 173及答案与解析 SECTION B CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation , five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause
2、. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have thirty seconds to preview the questions. （ A） The mechanical operation of body. （ B） The absence of disease or illness. （ C） Physical, mental and social well
3、-being. （ D） Clean water, improved sanitation and housing. （ A） In the late 1940s. （ B） In the 1970s. （ C） In the 1980s. （ D） In the 1990s. （ A） Supportive. （ B） Prejudiced. （ C） Negative. （ D） Confused. （ A） Society. （ B） Gender. （ C） Economy. （ D） Environment. （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C） Four. （ D）
4、 Five. （ A） They are demanding. （ B） They are attractive. （ C） They are effortless. （ D） They are unhealthy. （ A） Breathing. （ B） Postures. （ C） Meditation. （ D） Dieting. （ A） They follow the lead of famous people. （ B） They like to try something new. （ C） They can make friends through practicing yo
5、ga together. （ D） Yoga is beneficial to their health. （ A） A stronger will. （ B） A flexible body. （ C） More relaxation. （ D） Better health. （ A） It relieves stress. （ B） It increases circulation. （ C） It fits all ages of people. （ D） It helps to lose weight. （ A） They dont think much of being health
6、y. （ B） They think regular exercise might improve their health. （ C） They think they could stay healthy without any exercise. （ D） They find outdoor activities benefit them most. （ A） Mental diseases. （ B） Sleep problems. （ C） High blood pressure. （ D） Heart problems. （ A） Endurance exercise. （ B） F
7、lexibility exercise. （ C） Cardio-vascular exercise. （ D） Strength training. （ A） It can help control stress, anxiety, and depression. （ B） It takes time to increase ones muscles size and strength. （ C） It reduces the risk of heart attack, cancer, and high blood pressure. （ D） It can be classified as
8、 a kind of endurance exercise. （ A） It is just about any amount of physical activities that improve fitness. （ B） It is just anything that you need to exert yourself to do to burn calories. （ C） It means all forms of vigorous activities or deliberate workouts. （ D） It includes every exercise which k
9、eeps your muscles tight and strong. （ A） It teaches him how to interact with others. （ B） It is not important to his personality development. （ C） It is a crucial factor in his personality development. （ D） It is more important than his relationship with his father. （ A） Delayed development of motor
10、 skills. （ B） Delayed toilet training. （ C） Difficulty in interacting with peers. （ D） Inability to express their feelings. （ A） They are likely to develop separation anxiety. （ B） They will never recover from separation anxiety. （ C） They struggle to develop a healthy sense of self. （ D） They alway
11、s experience the feelings of protest, despair and detachment. （ A） It varies with the age of the child. （ B） It depends on the adoptive family. （ C） It can be influenced by a foster mother. （ D） It would be the basis of stable independence. （ A） He may worry about his parents being injured in a car
12、wreck. （ B） He may be unable to play with his peers. （ C） He may not develop motor skills at an appropriate age. （ D） He may have an irrational fear of spiders. 专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 173答案与解析 SECTION B CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation , five que
13、stions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You ha
14、ve thirty seconds to preview the questions. 1 【听力原文】 W: I am talking to Richard Johnson, an official of the World Health Organization. Today he will talk with us about the change of peoples understanding of health. Hello, Richard. M: Hello. W: Now, Richard, the concept of health has been changing al
15、l the time. So would you mind telling us the original one? M: Of course not. Health has long been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of body. In this sense, health has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is
16、seen in medical terms. W: I see. When did the concept begin to change? M: In the late 1940s, the WHO challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that health was a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. The min
17、d, body and spirit of a person were seen holistically. W: How long did this concept last? M: It lasted until the 1970s. At that time, people focused their attention on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behavior of the individuals. Creating healt
18、h meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behavior and lifestyles. W: It sounds reasonable. It must have been beneficial to people. M: Unfortunately, not. W: But why? M:(3)You see, this individualistic healthy
19、lifestyles approach did help the wealthy members of society. But the majority were people experiencing poverty, unemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives. How could people afford the program if they lived under unfavorable social and environmental factors? W: Im beginni
20、ng to see your point. A single lifestyle decides nothing if not integrated with a good environment. M: Thats right. So during the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important,(4)healt
21、h is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. W: This is a new concept of health. And I heard its called the socio-ecological view, isnt it? M: Yes. In 1986, representatives from 38 countries gathered in Ottawa, Canada, to hold the first Int
22、ernational Conference of Health Promotion. It was at that conference that(5 - 4)the broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed. W: What were the details of the endorsement? M: Well, the representatives declared that the fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, educ
23、ation, food, a viable income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Moreover, improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements. W: Thats right. Then what is the basic philosophy of this health promotion? M: Very easy to understand. Just t
24、o enable people to increase control over and to improve their health. W: The new concept of health you have told us today is very useful to our understanding of health. Thank you very much. M: You are welcome. 1. According to Richard, what was the concept of health before the 1940s? 2. When did the
25、WHO define health in terms of the holistic operation of a persons mind, body and spirit? 3. What attitude does Richard hold toward the individualistic healthy lifestyles approach? 4. According to the socio-ecological view of health, which of the following is NOT related to peoples health? 5. Accordi
26、ng to the conversation, how many stages has the concept of health undergone? 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查事物特征。根据句 (1)可知，健康过去一直被定义为没有疾病或病症，是从医学角度看待的。因此 B为答案。 【知识模块】 对话 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查时间。根据句 (2一 1)和 (22)可知， 20世纪 40年代末，世界卫生组织将健康定义为个人心智、身体和精神方面的全面健康。因此 A为答案。 【知识模块】 对话 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查人物观点。根据句 (3)
27、可知，理查德认为虽然个人主义健康生活方式的 做法确实帮助了社会中的富人，但是大多数人都负担不起这种做法。因此作者持否定态度，故 C为答案。 【知识模块】 对话 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查细节。根据句 (4)可知，健康也与人们所处的社会、经济和环境相关，没有提到性别，因此答案为 B。 【知识模块】 对话 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查事物特征。根据句 (51)、 (52)、 (53)和 (54)可知，关于健康的概念，对话中共提到了四个阶段，故 C为答案。 【知识模块】 对话 6 【听力原 文】 M: Whatre you doing up so early, Am
28、anda? Have you decided to take up jogging in the park like me? W: No, Mike. You know I really cant stand jogging. Ive joined a yoga class at our local fitness center. Want to join me? M: No way! To the best of my knowledge, most enthusiasts are women. Id rather do some weights or cardio at the gym t
29、han contort my body into painful postures. W: At the beginning, women go in for it mainly. But as its popularity grows, men are becoming more receptive to the idea. M: No, thanks. I think all of this is just a moneymaking gimmick. Im telling you Amanda, dont buy into it! W:(7)Mike, we just learn thr
30、ee new postures every day and do some meditation. My yoga guru is going to teach us about breathing today. Did you know that we dont even breathe properly anymore? M: Count me out! I dont need anyone to tell me how to breathe! Just because celebrities are doing yoga, everyones jumping on the bandwag
31、on. W: Thats not true! For those who are unaware of the yoga way of exercise, it uses a combination of breathing exercises along with physical movement to free the body while the meditation aspect of yoga assists in easing the mind and soul. Youre always reluctant to try something new. Give it a cha
32、nce. You might enjoy it. M: Okay, but only if you promise Ill end up with a body like Matthew McConaughey! W: Dont be stupid, Mike! You know, it cant be a thing to easy start, right? The first few classes may be very tough, but you stick with it.(9)The first major effect you will notice is that youd
33、 feel very relaxed after a class. After several weeks, youll become stronger, more flexible and your posture is improved. M: Anyway, to be frank, you look great recently. W: A couple of days ago, my back was so stiff and I couldnt sleep on my stomach anymore. It was the yoga that made me feel better
34、. M: You mean practicing yoga is better than doing some weights or cardio? W: What you say is true in a way.(10 - 1)Er, everyone knows that yoga is a great way to relieve stress, increase circulation and give us a positive attitude. There are many benefits of the yoga exercise. It is known that yoga
35、 also helps provide stress relief and health benefits. With the fast-paced world of today, it is easy for an individual to become stressed out with the daily schedule and this type of stress will definitely affect the body and mind. M:(10-2)But yoga doesnt do a whole lot to build lean and toned musc
36、le and burn fat, which is what most people want to do. W: The cardio maybe neither. To be honest, intense aerobics should be dependent on how old people are and some people who have heart diseases are not appropriate for the exciting activity. Yoga is suitable for all ages of people, you know. M: Oh
37、, I am really frustrated. You win! Today I will not take up jogging in the park. Id like to have yoga class together with you! 6. What does Mike think of yoga postures? 7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the teaching of yoga? 8. According to Mike, why do people go in for yoga? 9. What is
38、the first important effect once people begin practising yoga? 10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of yoga? 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查人物观点。根据句 (6)可知，迈克宁可在健身房做一些力量训练或心脏强化锻炼，也不愿意练瑜伽，把身体扭曲成令人痛苦的姿势。由此可知，迈克认为瑜伽的姿势要求过高，十分难学，因此答案为 A。 【知识模块】 对话 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查细节。根据句 (7)可知，瑜伽的授课内容包括姿势、
39、冥想以及呼吸方式，没有提到节食，因此答案为 D。 【知识模块】 对话 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查原因。根据句 (8)可知 ，迈克认为人们热衷瑜伽只是因为名人在做瑜伽，大家想追随名人。因此答案为 A。 【知识模块】 对话 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查行为特征。根据句 (9)可知，瑜伽课后，人们的第一感觉是非常放松，几周后会变得更加强壮和灵活，姿势也会得到改善。因此答案为C。 【知识模块】 对话 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查事物特征。根据句 (101)可知，瑜伽能够帮助人们释放压力，促进循环，并给人们以积极的态度，故排除 A和 B；根据句 (10
40、一 3)可知，瑜伽适合所有年龄段 的人，故排除 C；根据句 (10一 2)可知，瑜伽不能像大多数人所期望的那样，达到增肌和瘦身的效果，因此答案为 D。 【知识模块】 对话 11 【听力原文】 M: Mrs. Ralph, we know that you have done some of the largest studies on exercise and health. Would you like to give us some tips on how to exercise and keep fit? W: I would be glad to. M: My friends are
41、mostly young and healthy. They say they are doing fine without exercises. Is a regular workout really that important? W: Sure it is. If one doesnt exercise regularly, hes missing out a lot. A person who is inactive may increase his chance of disease. For one thing, he may have sleep problems or easi
42、ly catch a cold. And obesity is often the result of lack of exercise. So high blood pressure and heart problems may develop as he grows old. On the other hand, if one adds regular activities to his life, he is sure to benefit. M: That sounds amazing. No wonder I will feel restless if I omit one or t
43、wo sessions when I am too busy. But another question is, what types of exercise are there to keep fit? W: Basically, there are four types of workouts that help us get in shape. The first type is cardio-vascular exercise. This exercise helps strengthen the heart by working it harder. Swimming, runnin
44、g, brisk walking, vigorous rowing, or just anything that you need to exert yourself to do to burn calories and make the heart beat faster. M: Right. What about the second type? W: The second type is endurance exercise. That trains the heart, lungs, and muscles to work hard for a longer time. Thus, w
45、hile regular 20-minute walks may help you live longer, regular one-hour walks can help you play longer. The third type is strength training, which builds muscles. The improvement is little felt and fleeting at first, but regular use of the same muscles eventually increases their size and strength. M
46、: You mean like those body-builders who have got enormous and beautiful muscles? W: Not exactly. Strength training isnt just for the vain: having stronger back and abdominal muscles, for example, supports your spine, making back trouble less likely. M: I see. W: The fourth type is flexibility exerci
47、se, which keeps muscles long and supple, so theyre less likely to be injured. M: Do we have to engage in all those forms of exercise in order to stay in shape? W: Not necessarily. It all depends on your need, and also age. Younger people could engage in more vigorous activities or deliberate workout
48、s, while the older people could just try anything that burns a little more calories, like walking or even gardening. The word “exercise“ can be quite loosely defined. It can include out-of-the-gym activities, such as lawn-mowing, leaf-raking or even cleaning the house. Just about any amount of physi
49、cal activity will improve fitness. M: Then when should one begin? W: One could get started at any time, any age. 1. According to the man, what attitude do most young people hold toward keeping healthy? 2. Which of the following is NOT a problem an inactive person may suffer from? 3. What does Mrs. Ralph take “brisk walking“ as an example of? 4. Which of the following is CORRECT about muscle-building? 5. How is “exercise“ defined in the conversation? 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查人物观点。由句 (1)可知，男士称他的朋友大多数是健康的年轻人，他们认为不锻炼也可以保持健康。所以答案为 C。 【知识模块】 对
